Differences of Cesarean Section Rates according to San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) Acupressure for Women in Labor / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explain differences of cesarean section rates according to San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) acupressure for women in labor. METHOD: A noneqivalent control group pre test - post test design was used to explain differences of cesarean section rates according to SP6 acupressure. The participants were 209 women who were assigned to one of three groups SP6 acupressure(n=86), SP6 touch(n=47), and control group(n=76). For 30 minutes, the SP6 acupressure group received SP6 acupressure,and the SP6 touch group received SP6 touch for the duration of each uterine contraction. The Control group was encouraged to deep breath and relax for the duration of each uterine contraction for 30 minutes. RESULT: The rates of cesarean section were 12.8%, 29.8%, and 22.4% for the SP6 acupressure group, SP6 touch group, and control group respectively. There was a significant difference among groups (p=0.049). Cesarean section rateswere significantly different between the SP6 acupressure and non-SP6 acupressure group(p=0.035). CONCLUSION: This finding shows that 30 minutes of SP6 acupressure was effective in decreasing the cesarean section rate. Therefore, SP6 acupressure during labor could be applied as an effective nursing intervention.

Effects of SP-6 Acupressure on Dysmenorrhea and Skin Temperature at CV2 Acupoint of Low Abdomen in the Female College Students / 여성건강간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of the SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, skin temperature at the CV2 acupoint. This study was a pretest-posttest study design with a nonequivalent control group. Data were collected from May 1 to August 31, 2002. A total of 58 female students from two universities participated in the study. Among them, 30 female students were assigned as the experimental group and the other 28 students to the control group. Both groups were pretested before the intervention for three variables, the degree of dysmenorrhea, and skin temperature at the CV2 acupoint. Then, the SP-6 acupressure was provided for 20 minutes for students in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included the Visual Analogue Scale developed by Johnson(1974), skin thermometer by Simson Eectric CO., Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire Scale developed by Brooks-Gunn & Ruble(1980), and Stress scale developed by Chun and Kim (1990). The data were analyzed with the SAS program using Chi-square test, t-test, and ANCOVA and Bonferroni method were used to determine significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study are as follows; 1.There was a statistically significant difference in the intensity of dysmenorrhea after the intervention with the experimental group having a lower intensity than the control group. 2.There was a statistically significant difference in skin temperature at the CV2 acupoint 30min (F=4.87, p=0.03) after the intervention with the experimental group having a higher temperature. In conclusion, the SP-6 acupressure has proved to be an effective nursing intervention to reduce dysmenorrhea. Therefore, it is recommended women suffering from dysmenorrhea use the SP-6 acupressure.

Effects of San-Yin-Jiao (SP6) Acupressure on Anxiety, Pulse and Neonatal Status in Women during Labor / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: In the study effects of San-Yin-Jiao (SP6) acupressure on anxiety and pulse during labor, and on neonatal status were examined. METHOD: The design was a randomized controlled clinical trial with a double-blind method. Data were collected before (pre) and after (post) treatment using structured questionnaire, anxiety scale, pulse rate, umbilical vein pH and Apgar scores. The experimental group received SP6 acupressure for the duration of each uterine contraction over a period of 30 minutes, but the control group received SP6 touch. RESULTS: The anxiety scores between the two groups increased, but the increase was less in the SP6 acupressure group and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.019). Maternal pulse rate was not significantly different immediately after treatment (p=0.711), at 30 and at 60 minutes (p=0.140; p=0.108), but while the SP6 acupressure group had a stable pulse, the SP6 touch group showed an increased rate. There was no significant difference between the two groups for umbilical vein pH (p=0.124), and neonatal Apgar score at one and five minutes (p=0.387; p=0.979) CONCLUSION: These findings strengthen the belief that SP-6 acupressure can be used to relieve anxiety during labor with no side effects to either mother or baby.

Effects of SP-6 Acupressure on Dysmenorrhea, Cortisol, Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in the College Students / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of the SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, and level of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine in the college students. METHOD: Data were collected from May 1 to August 31, 2002. A total of 58 students from two universities participated in the study. Both groups were pretested before the intervention for three variables, the intensity of dysmenorrhea, level of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Then, SP-6 acupressure was provided for 20 minutes for students in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included the Visual Analogue Scale developed by Johnson(1974), Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire Scale developed by Brooks-Gunn & Ruble(1980), and Stress scale developed by Cheun and Kim(1990). RESULT: There were statistically significant differences in the intensity of dysmenorrhea at the time immediately after, 30minutes after, one hour after, and two hours after the intervention. The experimental group had a lower intensity than the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in level of norepinephrine at the time 30minutes after the intervention with the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The SP-6 acupressure reduced the subjective perception of dysmenorrhea and the levels of norepinephrine. It was found out that the lasting period of 20 minutes of the SP-6 acupressure was two hours for college students.

Effects of San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) Acupressure on Labor Pain, Delivery Time in Women during Labor / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The study was done to examine the effects of San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) acupressure treatment on subjective labor pain, length of delivery time in women during labor. METHOD: The study design was a randomized controlled clinical trial study using a double-blinded method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, a subjective labor pain scale and measurement of delivery time. The experimental group(n=29) was received SP6 acupressure and control group(n=29), SP6 touch for the duration of each uterine contraction, during 30 minutes after 3cm dilatation of cervical os. RESULT: The subjective labor pain scores was significantly different between the two groups(p=0.042). The total length of delivery time in the group which had the SP6 acupressure was shorter than SP6 touch group (p=0.036). CONCLUSION: These findings showed that SP6 acupressure was effective related to labor pain, length of time for delivery. SP6 acupressure during labor could be applied as an effective nursing treatment.