Atypical antipsychotic drugs with strong alpha 1 receptor antagonism resulting in self-perceived hot in patients with schizophrenia： a case report / 四川精神卫生

This article reported a case of a patient with schizophrenia who experienced self-perceived fever and discomfort after taking atypical antipsychotic drugs with strong alpha 1 receptor antagonism， which included olanzapine， risperidone， paliperidone and clozapine. Such phenomenon was believed to be a medication side effect. Therefore， the patient switched to aripiprazole and the fever disappeared. This case report is intended to remind psychiatrists to pay attention to the side effects caused by atypical antipsychotic drugs with strong alpha 1 receptor antagonism as well as to suggest that various factors should be considered， including mechanisms of drug action， patient pathophysiology and individual differences， in order to improve treatment compliance and prognosis.

¡Ey parce! Estoy buscando camello: Cómo las redes de los contactos sociales definen la situación laboral de jóvenes en sectores populares y marginados de Cali

La búsqueda de empleo usando los contactos sociales a pesar de ser una práctica común, en ocasiones no genera los resultados esperados. Con el objetivo de comprobar lo anterior; en este documento se configuran las redes de contactos sociales de un grupo de jóvenes que viven en contextos de marginalidad y violencia de las comunas 1, 14, 16, 18 y 20 de Cali que participaron en el programa denominado Tratamiento Integral a Pandillas - Jóvenes Sin Fronteras (TIP-JSF), un proceso de intervención psicosocial desde una perspectiva integral que promovía la inclusión social. Las redes de contactos sociales halladas a través de una encuesta se caracterizan por ser pequeñas y cerradas, aumentando la probabilidad de que quienes las conforman, presenten el mismo estado laboral: desempleo o informalidad laboral. Es clave, entonces, que las/os jóvenes amplíen sus contactos para que los vinculen con otros que les puedan brindar información de mejores vacantes laborales.

The search for employment using social contacts, despite being a common practice, sometimes does not generate the expected results. In order to verify the above, this paper describes the social contact networks of a group of young people living in contexts of marginality and violence in Cali's communes 1, 14, 16, 18 and 20 who participated in the program called Integral Treatment for Gangs - Youth Without Borders (TIP-JSF), a process of psychosocial intervention from an integral perspective that promoted social inclusion. The social networks found through a survey are characterized by being small and closed, increasing the likelihood that those who make up these networks have the same employment status: unemployment or informal employment. It is essential for young people to expand their contacts and link them with other contacts that can provide them with information on better job vacancies.

A busca de emprego usando contatos sociais, apesar de ser uma prática comum, às vezes não gera os resultados esperados. Para verificar isso, este artigo descreve as redes de contatos sociais de um grupo de jovens que vivem em contextos de marginalidade e violência nas comunas 1, 14, 16, 18 e 20 de Cali e que participaram do programa chamado Tratamento Integral para Gangues - Jovens Sem Fronteiras (TIP-JSF), um processo de intervenção psicossocial de uma perspectiva holística que promoveu a inclusão social. As redes sociais encontradas por meio de uma pesquisa são caracterizadas por serem pequenas e fechadas, aumentando a probabilidade de que aqueles que as formam tenham a mesma situação de emprego: desemprego ou emprego informal. É fundamental, portanto, que os jovens ampliem seus contatos para conectá-los a outras pessoas que possam lhes fornecer informações sobre melhores vagas de emprego.

A Study of the Epidemiology of Childhood Blindness and Plan of Action in Bihar

Vision Disorders are among the most common disabilities to affect children. Childhood Blindness is an important Public Health Problem due to inequalities in the Social and Economical conditions of Bihar State. Moreover it抯 a significant component of WHO vision 2020 program. By Public Health Interventions, the prevalence of cases of Childhood Blindness can be reduced. With this background, a study was done in assessment of the epidemiology of childhood blindness, with suggestions of plan of actions to reduce the prevalence of childhood Blindness which will lead to educational opportunities and improvement in mental and general health. This study had limitations due to average Health infrastructures and record keeping from PHC to Medical colleges. But at the same time, still a lot of timely Neonatal Eye Care Services and proper refraction strategies have helped in prevention of Childhood Blindness. In this study, the principals of epidemiology has been followed, as to finding the answers of 揥ho, Where and Why� regarding Childhood Blindness in Bihar. The current prevalence of blindness in children is known to be around 0.6%. Despite various intervention programs. This Public Health Problem a challenge both from epidemiology and care provider point of view.

Research progress on root canal irrigation disinfection drugs / 口腔疾病防治

@#Endodontic infection control is crucial to successful root canal treatment. Irrigation is the key step in endodontic procedures, and the application of root canal irrigation and disinfection medications play an important role. How to enhance antibacterial effects and functions in removing tissues while maintaining biocompatibility is a hot topic in endodontics. Currently, insights to address this issue can be split into two categories: one, the modification or combination of conventional endodontic irrigation solutions, and two, the development of novel endodontic irrigation solutions with new technologies and materials, for instance, nanomaterials and natural exacts. However, conventional endodontic irrigation solutions, such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine, are still the first choice in clinical practice. Most novel endodontic irrigation solutions remain at the pre-clinical laboratory stage. Clinical research and relevant data are required to determine whether various methods can improve endodontic irrigation. From basic research to clinical application is the direction for advancing to the next stage. The present article focuses on research progress on endodontic irrigation, especially concerning its antibacterial mechanism, characteristics and efficacy, to provide a reference for future clinical translation.

Prognosis assessment of strong ion gap in adult patients with cardiac arrest / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between strong ion gap (SIG) and prognosis of adult hospitalized patients who experienced cardiac arrest (CA).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult CA patients (≥18 years old) who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for the first time from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅲ (MIMIC-Ⅲ) database from 2001 to 2012. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the tertiles of serum SIG value. The clinical baseline characteristics and related data of CA patients were compared. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the 28- and 90-day cumulative survival curves of CA patients. Meanwhile, the log-rank test was used to compare the differences in the survival curves among different groups, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was established to analyze whether SIG was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in CA patients.Results:Six hundred and six adult CA patients were eligible for final analysis. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the tertiles of serum SIG value [<3.91 mmol/L ( n=202), 3.91~7.32 mmol/L ( n=202) and >7.32 mmol/L ( n=202)]. The mean age was (66.91±15.95) years and 382 patients (63.04%) were male. The all-cause mortality rates of ICU, 28 days and 90 days were 36.47%, 49.17% and 56.93%, respectively. There were significant differences in SOFA score, SIG, anion gap, pH, lactic acid, white blood cells, prothrombin time, creatinine, blood potassium, blood phosphorus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiogenic shock, and ICU, 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality among the 3 groups (all P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the 28- and 90-day cumulative survival rates of CA patients decreased gradually with the increase of SIG level, and the differences were statistically significant among the 3 groups (all P<0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that the increase of SIG level (>7.32 mmol/L) was an independent risk factor for 28-day ( HR=1.610, 95% CI: 1.177-2.203, P=0.003) and 90-day all-cause mortality ( HR=1.506, 95% CI: 1.123-2.019, P=0.006) among CA patients, after adjusting for the related confounders. Conclusions:The elevated SIG level (>7.32 mmol/L) is an independent predictor of 28- and 90-day all-cause mortality in CA patients. The calculation of SIG level in these patients is helpful for early identification of patients with poor prognosis.

Identification of Four Diterpenoid Alkaloids in Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii by SCX-SPE Combined with UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To comprehensively characterize the diterpene alkaloids in Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii.Methods The diterpene alkaloids were isolated and purified by strong acid cation exchange resin solid phase extraction column(SCX-SPE),and identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS).Results A total of 99 diterpene alkaloids were identified from Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii,including 27 diester diterpene alkaloids(DDA),29 monoester diterpene alkaloids(MDA),40 amide diterpene alkaloids(ADA),2 polyester diterpene alkaloids(PDA)and 1 long-chain ester diterpene alkaloid(LDA).Conclusion The SCX-SPE combined with UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS method,established in this paper,can rapidly identify a large number of diterpene alkaloids in Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii,which provides scientific proof for the study of pharmacodynamic substance basis and quality control of Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii.

Research progress on transcranial electrical stimulation for deep brain stimulation / 生物医学工程学杂志

Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) is a non-invasive, economical, and well-tolerated neuromodulation technique. However, traditional TES is a whole-brain stimulation with a small current, which cannot satisfy the need for effectively focused stimulation of deep brain areas in clinical treatment. With the deepening of the clinical application of TES, researchers have constantly investigated new methods for deeper, more intense, and more focused stimulation, especially multi-electrode stimulation represented by high-precision TES and temporal interference stimulation. This paper reviews the stimulation optimization schemes of TES in recent years and further analyzes the characteristics and limitations of existing stimulation methods, aiming to provide a reference for related clinical applications and guide the following research on TES. In addition, this paper proposes the viewpoint of the development direction of TES, especially the direction of optimizing TES for deep brain stimulation, aiming to provide new ideas for subsequent research and application.

Heart rate extraction algorithm based on adaptive heart rate search model / 生物医学工程学杂志

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive technique to measure heart rate at a lower cost, and it has been recently widely used in smart wearable devices. However, as PPG is easily affected by noises under high-intensity movement, the measured heart rate in sports has low precision. To tackle the problem, this paper proposed a heart rate extraction algorithm based on self-adaptive heart rate separation model. The algorithm firstly preprocessed acceleration and PPG signals, from which cadence and heart rate history were extracted respectively. A self-adaptive model was made based on the connection between the extracted information and current heart rate, and to output possible domain of the heart rate accordingly. The algorithm proposed in this article removed the interference from strong noises by narrowing the domain of real heart rate. From experimental results on the PPG dataset used in 2015 IEEE Signal Processing Cup, the average absolute error on 12 training sets was 1.12 beat per minute (bpm) (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.996; consistency error: -0.184 bpm). The average absolute error on 10 testing sets was 3.19 bpm (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.990; consistency error: 1.327 bpm). From experimental results, the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively extract heart rate information under noises and has the potential to be put in usage in smart wearable devices.

Two Cases Successfully Treated with Mokuboito on the Basis of Shinkahiken (Epigastric Stuffiness and Strong Resistance) / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Mokuboito is usually used for the treatment of patients with dyspnea and edema due to chronic heart failure. We herein report two cases successfully treated with mokuboito on the basis of shinkahiken (epigastric stuffiness and strong resistance). Case 1 was a 28-year-old woman. She had been experiencing occasional bouts of epigastralgia for 12 years, but they had worsened two months before the first visit to our department. When she was examined, however, the cause of epigastralgia could not be determined and she was diagnosed with functional gastroenteropathy. After being introduced to our department, she was treated with various Kampo formulas, but the symptom was poorly improved. Case 2 was a 74-year-old man who was prescribed hachimijiogan and shoseiryuto for an overactive bladder and perennial allergic rhinitis. His symptoms were stable, but suddenly deteriorated after two months. In both cases, when changing treatment to mokuboito on the basis of shinkahiken, the symptoms were improved. These results suggest that mokuboito can be used in a wide range of cases with shinkahiken.

Changes of Brain Functional Connections in Patients with Overactive Bladder / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the central mechanism of overactive bladder (OAB) using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods:From October, 2019 to January, 2021, 13 patients with OAB aged (46.9 ±13.4) years were enrolled. Under urodynamic monitoring, rs-fMRI scans were performed in these subjects under empty bladder and strong desire to void. Matlab 2016, SPM 12 and DPABI software were used to process and analyze these obtained image data, six brain regions related to bladder control: right superior frontal gyrus (X = 3, Y=24, Z = 48), right anterior cingulate gyrus (X = 12, Y = 33, Z = 3), left postcentral gyrus (X = -18, Y = -26, Z = 48), right supplementary motor area (X = 3, Y = -12, Z = 63), left insular (X = -42, Y = -12, Z = -3) and right insular (X = 3, Y = -12, Z = 63),were extracted as the regions of interest to analyze the functional connection with the whole brain. Results:The functional connection of the right superior frontal gyrus with the right middle frontal gyrus increased, while the connection with the right cuneus decreased. The connection of the right anterior cingulate gyrus with the right superior temporal gyrus increased, while the connection with the left posterior cingulate gyrus decreased. The connection of the left postcentral gyrus with the right cuneus decreased. The functional connection of the right supplementary motor area with the left cuneus, the connection of the right insular with the medial superior frontal gyrus, and the connection of the left insular with the inferior parietal lobule increased. Conclusion:The functional connections between the brain areas related to continence and other brain regions involved in bladder control changes in patients with OAB. These changes may be one of the potential pathogenic mechanisms of OAB.

Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior: abordaje quirúrgico. Reporte de caso / Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: surgical approach, case report

El síndrome de arteria mesentérica superior (SAMS), causa infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal proximal; ocurre por compresión externa de la tercera porción duodenal por la arteria mesentérica superior debido a la formación de un ángulo inadecuado de la unión aortomesentérica. Incidencia de 0.013% - 0.3. Se presenta caso de paciente masculino de 27 años con diagnóstico de SAMS, historia de pérdida de peso, dolor postprandial recurrente, náuseas, vómitos de contenido biliar de un año de evolución. Paciente se ingresa al servicio de emergencia de Cirugía de Adultos del Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala, donde se programa y realiza abordaje con técnica de Strong, además de la realización de duodeno-yeyuno anastomosis. Evoluciona satisfactoriamente por lo que se concluye que la técnica de Strong aunada a la realización de duodeno-yeyuno anastomosis son herramientas más efectivas como abordaje quirúrgico del síndrome de arteria mesentérica superior. (AU)

The superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SAMS), a rare cause of proximal intestinal obstruction; It occurs by external compression of the third duodenal portion by the superior mesenteric artery due to the formation of an inappropriate angle of the aortomesenteric junction. Incidence of 0.013% - 0.3. A case of a 27-year-old male patient is presented with a diagnosis of SAMS, history of weight loss, recurrent postprandial pain, nausea, vomiting of bile content of one year of evolution. Patient is admitted to the emergency service of Adult Surgery of the Roosevelt Hospital, Guatemala, where an approach with Strong's technique is programmed and performed in addition to the duodenum-jejunum anastomosis, it evolves satisfactorily, which is why it is concluded that the Strong's technique combined duodenum-jejunum anastomosis are more effective tools as a surgical approach to superior mesenteric artery syndrome. (AU)

Identifying hydric, electrolytic and acid-base imbalances through traditional and quantitative approaches in dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis / Identificação de desequilíbrios hídricos, eletrolíticos e ácido-base pelas abordagens tradicional e quantitativa em cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica

Vomiting and diarrhea are two important clinical signs that can cause significant electrolytic and acid-base imbalances. The purposes of this study were to characterize hydric, electrolytic and acid-base disorders presented by puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and to compare the traditional and quantitative approaches to acid-base status interpretation. Sixty-one animals with a history of vomiting and/or diarrhea were used in this study and the following tests were performed: complete blood count, total plasma protein concentration and hemogasometry. Mean, standard deviation and Kappa values were calculated. The imbalances characterized by both approaches were: 42 (69%) animals without imbalance, 17 (28%) with metabolic alkalosis and 2 (3%) with metabolic acidosis by the traditional approach and 17 (28%) dogs without imbalance, 26 (43%) with metabolic alkalosis and 18 (29%) with metabolic acidosis by the quantitative approach. The agreement calculated between two approaches coincide in 28 cases, with a moderate Kappa value equivalent to 0.459. The most found imbalances were metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and mild dehydration. Most of acid-base disturbances were not identified by the traditional approach, whereas by the quantitative approach, they were easily determined. Thus quantitative approach proved to be superior in identification of possible acid-base imbalances.(AU)

Vômito e diarreia são dois sinais clínicos importantes, que podem causar desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e ácido-base importantes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar os desequilíbrios hídrico, eletrolítico e ácido-base apresentados por filhotes de cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica e comparar as abordagens de interpretação do equilíbrio ácido-base tradicional e quantitativa. Sessenta e um animais com histórico de vômito e/ou diarreia foram utilizados neste estudo, e os seguintes testes foram realizados: hemograma, concentração de proteína total plasmática e hemogasometria. Média, desvio-padrão e valor de Kappa foram calculados. Os desequilíbrios caracterizados pelas duas abordagens foram: 42 (69%) animais sem desequilíbrio, 17 (28%) com alcalose metabólica e dois (3%) com acidose metabólica, pela abordagem tradicional, e 17 (28%) cães sem desequilíbrio, 26 (43%) com alcalose metabólica e 18 (29%) com acidose metabólica, pela abordagem quantitativa. A concordância calculada entre as duas abordagens coincidiu em 28 casos, com um valor de Kappa moderado, equivalente a 0,459. Os desequilíbrios mais encontrados foram alcalose metabólica, hipocalemia e desidratação leve. A maioria dos distúrbios não foram identificados pela abordagem tradicional, enquanto, pela abordagem quantitativa, foram facilmente determinados. Portanto, a abordagem quantitativa provou-se superior na identificação de possíveis desequilíbrios ácido-base.(AU)

Effect of Strong Light Stress on Growth, Physiological and Biochemical and Gene Expression of Key Enzymes in Atractylodes lancea / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the effect of strong light stress on the growth, physiological and biochemical and key enzyme gene expression of the Atractylodes lancea, in order to provide the scientific basis for the standardized cultivation of the A. lancea. Method::The two-year-old A. lancea seedlings were taken as experimental materials. Poplar forest (light transmittance between 18.26%-36.04%) was taken as control group(ck). Different density shading networks were used to simulate different degrees of high light stress (51.10%, 80.73%, 100%) in late July. The growth state of A. lancea was observed. On the 0th, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th days, the physiological and biochemical indexes of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, cell membrane permeability, proline (Pro) content, antioxidant enzyme activity and chlorophyll content in the leaves of A. lancea were measured. The relative expression levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate monoacyl coenzyme A reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, HMGR) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, FPPS) in leaves of A. lancea under intense light stress were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(Real-time PCR). Result::After strong light stress, the color of the leaves of A. lancea changed from dark green to light green and yellowish green, and the burn of leaves became more and more serious. The contents of MDA, conductivity and Pro showed an upward trend with the increase of transmittance. Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) tended to increase first and then decrease. The chlorophyll content decreased with the increase of light transmittance. The relative expression of HMGR in leaves of A. lancea decreased with the increase of light transmittance, while FPPS increased first and then decreased. Conclusion::The results showed that A. lanceaa could alleviate the inhibition of strong light stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and regulating the content of osmotic pressure under certain strong light stress. Excessively strong intensity light stress leads to disequilibrium of metabolic mechanism of A. lancea, and seriously inhibits the plant growth.

Effects of long-term exposure to strong electromagnetic radiation environment on the peripheral complete blood cells of operators / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To observe the effects of long-term exposure to strong electromagnetic environment on the peripheral complete blood cells of the operators. Methods A total of 239 male workers engaged in strong electromagnetic radiation operation for at least 1 year were consecutively raised between April and October 2019 as the exposed group, and 203 male workers no-exposed to strong electromagnetic equipment were raised as non-exposed group. Multipoint measurements were done of electromagnetic frequency and power density in electromagnetic radiation operation area, the differences of blood routine indexes between the exposed group and non-exposed group were compared, and the variation trend of difference index with increased exposure years was analyzed. Results No significant difference existed between the two groups in age, gender, work experience and body mass index (BMI). The electromagnetic frequency band in the operation area was between 5.5-2000 MHz, the maximum power density could reach up to 14 W/m2in the shielding point, and reach up to 535.17 W/m2in the open area. Compared with the non-exposed group, the levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were significantly elevated (P<0.05), while the red blood cell count (RBC) and haematocrit (HCT) was markedly reduced (P<0.05) in the exposed group. With the prolongation of the exposure time, the levels of RBC and HCT were relatively stable, but MCH, MCHC and MPV showed fluctuation from higher to lower level. Conclusions Long-term exposure to strong electromagnetic environment may lead to lower levels of red blood cells in related workers. Compensation may be achieved through hemoglobin elevation at early stage, which nevertheless weakens through hemoglobin reduction during the exposure time prolonged.

Clinical observation of physiotherapy in the treatment of evaporative dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To explore the clinical efficacy of physical therapy in the treatment of hyperevaporative dry eyes.<p>METHODS: From October 2018 to April 2019, 70 patients(140 eyes)with evaporative dry eye were diagnosed in the ophthalmology clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Randomly divide the patients into 35 cases(70 eyes)in the control group for basic treatment(sodium hyaluronate eye drops), and 35 cases(70 eyes)in the treatment group underwent acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine iontophoresis treatment based on the control group. 1 time/d, treatment 3wk(treatment 6d, rest 1d). Before and after treatment, the tear height(TMH), tear film rupture time(BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt), and corneal fluorescein staining(FL)were observed.<p>RESULTS: The pre-treatment data of the TMH treatment group and the control group were 0.21(0.15, 0.27)and 0.21(0.15, 0.28)mm respectively; the postoperative data of the treatment group and the control group were 0.24(0.21, 0.29), 0.23(0.19, 0.29)mm. The comparison between groups was <i>P</i><0.05. The preoperative data of the SⅠt treatment group and the control group were 5.00(3.00, 7.00)and 6.00(4.00, 7.00)mm/5min respectively; the postoperative data of the treatment group and the control group were 10.00(8.00, 12.00), 7.00(6.00, 8.00)mm/5min. The preoperative data of the BUT treatment group and the control group were 2.75(1.38, 6.15)and 3.25(1.38, 5.03)s respectively; the postoperative data of the treatment group and the control group were 8.90(6.90, 12.85), 7.15(5.40, 9.53)s. The preoperative data of the SⅠt treatment group and the control group were 4.50(3.00, 6.00)and 5.00(3.00, 6.00)min respectively; the postoperative data of the treatment group and the control group were 1.00(0.75, 2.00), 3.00(2.00, 4.00)min, the comparison between groups was <i>P</i>>0.05. Comparison of the data difference between the treatment group and the control group before and after showed that the treatment group had a more significant effect than the control group(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Physical therapy has a significant clinical effect in treating dry eyes with excessive evaporation, and it is worthy of clinical recommendation.

Differences of the structure, succession and function of Clostridial communities between jiupei and pit mud during Luzhou-flavour baijiu fermentation / 生物工程学报

Clostridia inhabiting in jiupei and pit mud plays key roles in the formation of flavour during the fermentation process of Luzhou-flavour baijiu. However, the differences of Clostridial communities between jiupei and pit mud remains unclear. Here, the species assembly, succession, and metabolic capacity of Clostridial communities between jiupei and pit mud were analysed by high-throughput sequencing and pure culture approaches. The ratio of Clostridial biomass to bacterial biomass in the pit mud was relatively stable (71.5%-91.2%) throughout the fermentation process. However, it varied widely in jiupei (0.9%-36.5%). The dominant Clostridial bacteria in jiupei were Clostridium (19.9%), Sedimentibacter (8.8%), and Hydrogenispora (7.2%), while Hydrogenispora (57.2%), Sedimentibacter (5.4%), and Caproiciproducens (4.9%) dominated in the Clostridial communities in pit mud. The structures of Clostridial community in pit mud and jiupei were significantly different (P=0.001) throughout fermentation. Isolated Clostridial strains showed different metabolic capacities of volatile fatty acids in pure culture. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Clostridial communities existed in the baijiu fermentation pit, which was closely related to the main flavour components of Luzhou-flavour baijiu.

Distribution of archaeal community in the mud pit during strong-flavor baijiu fermentation / 生物工程学报

Multi-species solid-state fermentation in a mud pit is one of the typical features of strong-flavor baijiu, in which archaea plays important roles, however, the archaeal community distribution and diversity during fermentation are still lack of research. The biomass, composition and succession of archaea communities in fermented grains and pit mud were analyzed by high throughput sequencing. The potential interaction between archaea and bacteria was analyzed by co-occurrence network. Results demonstrate that the average biomass of archaea in pit mud was about 200 times higher than that of fermented grains. There was no significant difference in archaeal community structure between fermented grains and pit mud (r=0.017, P=0.074), but succession patterns between them showed significant correlation (r=0.30, P=0.03). Methanobacterium was the most abundant archaea in fermented grains and pit mud, and other dominant groups included Methanosarcina, Methanocorpusculum, Methanoculleus, and Methanobrevibacter. The co-occurrence network analysis showed that Methanobacterium was positively correlated with most bacteria in fermented grains and pit mud, especially with Hydrogenispora and Caproiciproducens, the dominant bacteria in pit mud. Our results revealed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and potential functions of the archaeal community in the mud pit of strong-flavor baijiu.

Acid base disorders in hospitalized cattle / Distúrbios ácido-base em bovinos hospitalizados

The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the main acid-base and electrolytes disorders in hospitalized cattle, using both Henderson-Hasselbalch and the physicochemical approach and to compare their diagnostic and therapeutic utility. A total of 31 medical records were reviewed of bovines admitted to the Large Animal Hospital at Universidad Nacional de Colombia, that met the inclusion criteria of the measurement of blood gases, blood electrolytes and plasma protein on admission before providing any treatment. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch approach, acid base abnormalities were found in 83.3% of the patients, compared to 93.5% using the physicochemical approach. The principal acid-base disorders found were strong ion acidosis (61.29%) and weak acid acidosis (38.7%); strong ion gap (SIG) acidosis was found in 73.68% of cases showing strong ion acidosis. These results highlight the importance of the diagnosis of acid-base disorders in sick cattle for proper recognition of pathophysiological phenomena and its understanding to guide treatment decisions.(AU)

Os objetivos deste estudo retrospectivo foram determinar os principais distúrbios ácido-base e eletrolíticos em bovinos internados, utilizando a abordagem Henderson-Hasselbalch e a abordagem físico-química comparando a utilidade diagnóstica e terapêutica de tais procedimentos. Foram revisados 31 prontuários de bovinos admitidos no Hospital de Animais de Grande Porte da Universidad Nacional de Colombia, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão da medição de gases sanguíneos, eletrólitos sanguíneos e proteínas plasmáticas na admissão antes de fornecer qualquer tratamento. Com o emprego da abordagem de Henderson-Hasselbalch, as anormalidades da base ácida foram encontradas em 83,3% dos pacientes, enquanto com a abordagem físico-química o valor obtido foi de 93,5%. Os principais distúrbios ácido-base encontrados foram forte acidose iônica (61,29%) e acidose ácida fraca (38,7%). A acidose com Ion Gap Forte (SIG) foi encontrada em 73,68% dos casos com forte acidose iônica. Estes resultados destacam a importância do diagnóstico de distúrbios ácido-base em bovinos doentes para o reconhecimento adequado dos fenômenos fisiopatológicos e sua compreensão para orientar as decisões de tratamento.(AU)

Forma de pensar e emancipação pós-modernas do humano / Postmodern form of thinking and emancipation of the human / Forma de pensar y emancipación posmodernas de lo humano

Este artigo consiste numa explicitação da forma de pensar (Denkform) e da concepção de emancipação emergentes desde, aproximadamente, meados do século XX; em rigor, da estrutura de pensamento mediante a qual os indivíduos organizam sua experiência de mundo ou intentam emanciparse no presente. Busca-se mostrar em que medida o humano pós-moderno pensa e age em um mundo que não se configura mais como um cosmos natural (no caso, o antigo e medieval) ou enquanto um mundo representado (o moderno e contemporâneo, em vias de dissipação), ou mesmo enquanto linguagem (este ainda subordinado à representação), mas enquanto imagem. Verificam-se, enfim, os desafios e os modos de superação daqueles, bem como suas consequências, para a pessoa humana, de um pensar que deixou para trás a segurança da comunidade natural dos antigos e a liberdade formal da autoconsciência plenamente cônscia do espírito certo de si dos modernos. Um pensar que, todavia, também não se deixa levar por nenhuma confiança cega na linguagem do presente; mas que, ao contrário, a modula segundo as imagens nas quais pensa e se move em sua igualmente oscilante emancipação.

This article aims an explanation of the form of thinking (Denkform) and the conception of emancipation that emerged from around the middle of the twentieth century; strictly speaking, the structure of thought through which individuals organize their world experience or attempt to emancipate themselves in the present. It seeks to show to what extent the postmodern human thinks and acts in a world that no longer shapes itself as a natural cosmos (in this case, the ancient and medieval) or as a represented world (the modern and contemporary, in the process of Dissipation), or even as language (this still subordinated to representation), but as image. Finally, the article examines the challenges and ways of overcoming them, as well as their consequences, for the human person, of a think that has left behind the security of the natural community of the ancients and the formal freedom of self-consciousness fully aware of the spirit sure of itself in the modernity. A thought which, however, does not allow itself to be led by any blind trust in the language of the present; but, on the contrary, modulates it according to the images in which it thinks and moves in its equally oscillating emancipation.

Este artículo consiste en una explicación de la forma de pensar (Denkform) y de la concepción de emancipación emergentes desde, aproximadamente, mediados del siglo XX; en rigor, de la estructura de pensamiento mediante la cual los individuos organizan su experiencia de mundo o intentan emanciparse en el presente. Se busca mostrar en qué medida el humano posmoderno piensa y actúa en un mundo que no se configura más como un cosmos natural (en el caso, el antiguo y medieval) o en cuanto un mundo representado (lo moderno y contemporáneo, en vías de comunicación disipación), o incluso como lenguaje (éste todavía subordinado a la representación), pero como imagen. Se verifican, en fin, los desafíos y los modos de superación de aquellos, así como sus consecuencias, para la persona humana, de un pensar que ha dejado atrás la seguridad de la comunidad natural de los antiguos y la libertad formal de la autoconciencia plenamente cónsia del espíritu correcto de sí de los modernos. Un pensar que, sin embargo, tampoco se deja llevar por ninguna confianza ciega en el lenguaje del presente; pero que, por el contrario, la modula según las imágenes en las que piensa y se mueve en su igualmente oscilante emancipación.

Experimental protocol for metabolic acidosis induction by intravenous administration of hydrochloric acid in sheep / Protocolo de indução experimental de acidose metabólica por administração intravenosa de ácido clorídrico em ovinos

The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and duration of blood and urine changes and the side effects of hyperchloremic acidosis induced by the intravenous administration of hydrochloric acid in sheep. Five healthy, crossbred adult ewes, with a mean body weight of 44±2.9kg were used. The hydrochloric acid solution was administered intravenously at a rate of 25mL/kg/h for 4 hours continuously. Venous blood and urine samples were collected and pH values, blood carbon dioxide partial pressure, bicarbonate, base excess, strong ion difference, anion gap, total concentration of nonvolatile buffers, creatinine, plasma L-lactate, plasma and urine sodium, potassium, and chloride were determined. The experimental protocol induced severe hyperchloremic acidosis at the end of the infusion, with a decreased plasma strong ion difference. The fractional excretion of sodium and chloride remained increased during 4 hours after the infusion. Aciduria was observed at approximately 24 hours. Twenty-four hours after the infusion, the animals showed mild and compensated metabolic acidosis. This protocol was effective in inducing severe and long-lasting hyperchloremic acidosis and did not cause serious side effects. Therefore, this protocol can be used safely in adult sheep for studies on the treatment of this condition.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a magnitude e a duração das alterações sanguíneas e urinárias, bem como os efeitos colaterais da acidose hiperclorêmica induzida por administração intravenosa de ácido clorídrico, em ovinos. Foram utilizadas cinco ovelhas mestiças, adultas, sadias, com peso médio de 44±2,9kg. A solução de ácido clorídrico foi administrada por via intravenosa, na velocidade de 25mL/kg/h, totalizando quatro horas de administração contínua. Amostras de sangue venoso e de urina foram colhidas, e determinaram-se os valores de pH, pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono, bicarbonato, excesso de bases, diferença dos íons fortes, ânion-gap, creatinina, lactato L, sódio, potássio e cloro. O protocolo de indução experimental foi capaz de induzir acidose hiperclorêmica grave ao término da infusão, com diminuição da diferença dos íons fortes plasmáticos. Houve aumento da excreção fracionada de sódio e cloro por até quatro horas após o término da infusão. A acidúria foi observada por cerca de 24 horas. Após 24 horas do início da infusão, os animais apresentaram acidose metabólica leve e compensada. Esse protocolo foi eficaz na indução da acidose hiperclorêmica grave e duradoura e não causou efeitos colaterais. Conclui-se que o protocolo pode ser usado com segurança em ovelhas adultas, para estudos sobre tratamento dessa condição.(AU)