RESUMEN
A partir do encontro com um analista norte-americano, Henry Zvi Lothane, o autor relata experiências vividas em Nova Iorque, onde esteve a convite da Sociedade de Psicanálise da Universidade Columbia. O texto aborda aspectos da psicanálise norte-americana ao mesmo tempo que discute as ideias de Lothane. Esse analista, após exaustivos estudos documentais, propõe que Schreber foi vítima do poder da psiquiatria e que Jung mentiu a Freud sobre sua relação com Sabine Sperlein. O texto inclui uma carta traduzida do russo por Lothane, em que Sabine mostra sua capacidade de se observar e pensar no que observa.
From the meeting with an American analyst, Henry Zvi Lothane, the author relates experience lived in New York, where he was invited by the Society of Psychoanalysis of Columbia University. The text addresses aspects of American psychoanalysis while discussing Lothane's ideas. This author, after exhaustive documentary studies, proposes that Schreber was a victim of the power of psychiatry and that Jung lied to Freud about his relationship with Sabine Sperlein. The text includes a letter translated from Russian by Lothane, in which Sabine shows her ability to observe herself and think about what she observes.
a partir del encuentro con un analista norteamericano, Henry Zvi Lothane, el autor relata experiencias vividas en Nueva York, donde estuvo a invitación de la Sociedad de Psicoanálisis de la Universidad de Columbia. El texto aborda aspectos del psicoanálisis norteamericano al mismo tiempo que discute las ideas de Lothane. Este analista, tras exhaustivos estudios documentales, propone que Schreber fue víctima del poder de la psiquiatría y que Jung mintió a Freud sobre su relación con Sabine Sperlein. El texto incluye una carta traducida del ruso por Lothane, en la que Sabine muestra su capacidad de observarse a sí misma y pensar en lo que observa.
De la rencontre avec un analyste américain, Henry Zvi Lothane, l'auteur relate des expériences vécues à New York, où il avait été invité par la Société de Psychanalyse de l'Université de Columbia. Le texte aborde des aspects de la psychanalyse américaine tout en discutant des idées de Lothane. Cet auteur, après des études documentaires exhaustives, propose que Schreber soit victime du pouvoir de la psychiatrie et que Jung ait menti à Freud sur sa relation avec Sabine Sperlein. Le texte comprend une lettre traduite du russe par Lothane, dans laquelle Sabine montre sa capacité à s'observer et à réfléchir à ce qu'elle observe.
Asunto(s)
PsicoanálisisRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas e períodos de armazenamento nos atributos físico químicos de frutos de araçazeiro-vermelho. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (CAV/UDESC), em Lages (SC), Brasil, com frutos colhidos em fevereiro de 2016. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 20 frutos, em esquema fatorial 2x5, com duas temperaturas (2°C e 25°C±2°C) e cinco períodos de armazenamento (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias). As variáveis analisadas foram: perda de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável, pH e vitamina C de araçá- vermelho. Ocorreu perda de massa dos frutos, em ambas as temperaturas, ao longo do período de armazenamento. O teor de sólidos solúveis aumentou em frutos armazenados à 2°C. Observou-se ponto de mínima (1,83%), para o teor de acidez titulável, em frutos armazenados a 25°C. Para o pH dos frutos, oobservou-se ponto de mínima (3,17) em temperatura de 2°C e ponto de máxima (3,21), para aqueles armazenadconservados a 25°C. Frutos em temperatura de 2°C apresentaram menor teor de vitamina C aos sete dias de armazenamento, com teor de 17,23mg 100g-1 polpa. Em temperatura de 25°C, observou-se menor teor de vitamina C aos seis dias, com teor de 26,69mg 100g-1 polpa. Com a realização deste trabalho, pode-se concluir que, o uso de refrigeração a 2°C, por até 12 dias, apresenta-se como uma alternativa de conservação de araçá-vermelho, mantendo-se as principais características físico-químicas dos frutos.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different temperatures and storage periods on the physicchemical attributes of red gooseberries fruits. This research was carried out at the State University of Santa Catarina (CAV / UDESC), in Lages (SC), Brazil, with fruits harvested in February, 2016. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates of 20 fruits each, in a 2x5 factorial radomized, with two temperatures (2°C and 25°C ± 2°C) and five storage periods (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days). The analyzed variables were: mass loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solubility/titratable acidity ratio, pH and vitamin C. Fruit mass loss occurred at both temperatures throughout the storage period. Soluble solids content increased in fruits at 2°C. A minimum point (1.83%) was observed for titratable acidity in fruits packed at 25°C. A minimum point was observed (3.17%) for the pH of the fruits at 2°C and maximum point (3,21) for fruits at 25°C. Fruits at 2°C presented lower vitamin C content in seven days of storage, with 17.23mg 100g-1 pulp. At 25°C, a lower vitamin C content was observed at day six, with a content of 26.69mg 100g-1 pulp. With the accomplishment of this work, it can be concluded that, the use of refrigeration at 2°C, for up to 12 days, presents itself as an alternative for the conservation of red-gooseberries fruits, remaining the main physicochemical characteristics of the fruits.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes temperaturas y períodos de almacenamiento en los atributos físico-químicos de frutos de arazá. El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente aleatorizado, con cuatro repeticiones, de 20 frutos, en un factorial 2x5, con temperaturas de 2°C y 25°C±2°C y períodos de almacenamiento de 0, 3, 6 y 12 días. Las variables analizadas fueron: pérdida de peso de los frutos, sólidos solubles, acidez total titulable, relación de sólidos solubles y acidez titulable (índice de madurez), pH y vitamina C de los frutos. La concentración de sólidos solubles aumenta en los frutos almacenados a 2°C. Se observó un punto de mínima para la acidez total titulable en los frutos almacenados a temperatura de 25°C (1,83%); un punto mínimo (3,17), para el pH de los frutos en temperatura de 2°C y un punto máximo (3,21), para los frutos sometidos a la temperatura de 25°C. Frutos en temperatura de 2°C presentan menor contenido de vitamina C, a los siete días de almacenamiento, con contenidos de 17,23mg 100 g-1 de pulpa. A temperatura de 25°C, se observa menor concentración de vitamina C, a los seis días, con contenidos de 26,69mg 100g-1 pulpa. La refrigeración de frutos de arazá a 2°C, se muestra como una alternativa de uso prometedora, para la conservación, hasta 12 días, por presentar mejores condiciones, para la manutención de las principales variables físico-químicas estudiadas.
RESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the influence of extraction solvents on antioxidant and antimi-crobial activities of the pulp and seed of Anisophyllea laurina R. Br. ex Sabine fruits. Methods: The antibacterial activities of pulp and seed extracts were tested by using disk diffusion method against eight bacterial strains and three fungal strains. Total phenolic, flavonoid, monomeric anthocyanin and tannin contents, and antioxidant activities were determined by spectrometric methods. Results: The antioxidant analysis of pulp extract revealed the strong radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content (4329.66 mg of gallic acid/100 g), while seed extract showed the high antioxidant activity and total tannin content (5326.78 mg catechin equivalent/100 g). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol and ethanol extracts exhibited potent growth inhibitory activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 125 to 250 mg/mL. However, seed extract had the strongest potential activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 500 mg/mL compared to pulp extract. Conclusions: Our results therefore demonstratedthatethanoland methanol extractionswere more efficient in extracting antioxidants and bioactive compound in pulp and seed. These results support that these plant extracts can be used for the treatment of bacterial infections.
RESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the influence of extraction solvents on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the pulp and seed of Anisophyllea laurina R. Br. ex Sabine fruits. Methods: The antibacterial activities of pulp and seed extracts were tested by using disk diffusion method against eight bacterial strains and three fungal strains. Total phenolic, flavonoid, monomeric anthocyanin and tannin contents, and antioxidant activities were determined by spectrometric methods. Results: The antioxidant analysis of pulp extract revealed the strong radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content (4. 329.66 mg of gallic acid/100 g), while seed extract showed the high antioxidant activity and total tannin content (5. 326.78 mg catechin equivalent/100 g). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol and ethanol extracts exhibited potent growth inhibitory activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 125 to 250 μg/mL. However, seed extract had the strongest potential activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 500 μg/mL compared to pulp extract. Conclusions: Our results therefore demonstrated that ethanol and methanol extractions were more efficient in extracting antioxidants and bioactive compound in pulp and seed. These results support that these plant extracts can be used for the treatment of bacterial infections.
RESUMEN
The present study was the first to examine the protective effect and antioxidant potential of two fruits native to the south of Brazil, namely guabiju (Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand) and red guava (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine), with respect to reducing the effects of cisplatin-induced hypercholesterolemia in male Wistar rats. The cisplatin-treated animals showed high glucose, LDL cholesterol, oxidized LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol levels. These native fruits reversed the increase in these parameters. The fat levels in the liver improved with supplementation with the fruits, and there were no differences in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), creatinine, urea or HDL cholesterol levels, nor in the weight of the organs analyzed, indicating that the dose used did not affect these markers.
O presente estudo foi o primeiro realizado para avaliar o efeito protetor e o potencial antioxidante de duas frutas nativas do sul do Brasil, conhecidas como Guabiju (Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand) e araçá vermelho (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine), em relação a reduzir os efeitos da hipercolesterolemia induzida pela cisplatina em ratos Wistar machos. Os animais tratados com a cisplatina apresentaram elevada taxa de glicose, altos níveis de colesterol LDL, colesterol LDL oxidado e colesterol total. Os frutos nativos atuaram protegendo os animais pela redução destes parâmetros. Os níveis de gordura no fígado melhoraram com a suplementação pelos frutos e não houve diferenças nas substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e níveis de creatina, uréia e colesterol HDL e, também, no peso dos órgãos analisados, indicando que a dose utilizada não foi capaz de afetar tais marcadores.