Degeneración nodular de Salzmann / Salzmann's nodular degeneration

La degeneración nodular de Von Salzmann constituye una entidad clínico-patológica en la que aparecen nódulos lisos y opacos, blanco grisáceos o algo azulados en las capas anteriores de la córnea. La afectación suele ser bilateral y los nódulos tienden a disponerse en anillo sobre la media periferia corneal. Pueden estar relacionados o no con un proceso inflamatorio previo y su tratamiento puede ser sintomático o quirúrgico si compromete el área pupilar y con ella la visión del paciente.Se presenta un paciente masculino, de 57 años de edad, coloración de la piel blanca, quien acudió a la consulta y refirió enrojecimiento de ambos ojos (predominio del ojo derecho), con picor, escozor y lagrimeo, de más de 6 meses de evolución. Asociado a esto notó una zona de color blanquecina en ambos ojos. En la exploración oftalmológica se observaron lesiones blanquecinas sobrelevadas de aspecto hialino, en el tercio inferior de la córnea en el ojo derecho y en el ojo izquierdo hacia la región nasal. Se concluye que el caso presenta una degeneración nodular de Salzmann(AU)

Von Salzmann nodular degeneration constitutes a clinical pathological condition in which flat and opaque, white-grayish or bluish nodules appear in the anterior layers of the cornea. The effect is usually bilateral and the nodules tend to spread in a ring form upon the corneal peripheral media. It can be related or not with previous inflammatory process and its treatment can be symptomatic or surgical if the papillary area and the patient's vision are compromised. Here is the case of a 57 years-old male Caucasian patient, who went to the doctor´s and complained of reddened eyes (mainly the right eye), itching and tearing for more than six months. In addition to this, he observed a whitish area in both eyes. The eye screening showed overelevated whitish lesions of hyaline aspect in the lower third of the right eye cornea and in the left eye towards the nasal region. It was concluded that this is a case of Von Salzmann nodular degeneration(AU)

Phototherapeutic keratectomy.

Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) is done regularly for anterior corneal diseases such as corneal dystrophies, corneal degenerations, scars, and band-shaped keratopathy. The various indications include both therapeutic and visual. The aim of this article is to discuss the therapeutic indications for PTK, the specific technique pertaining to a specific etiology, the various other procedures like amniotic membrane graft combined with PTK or PTK being done for recurrences in the grafts, and PTK done before cataract surgery when the anterior corneal pathology coexists with the cataract. Post PTK management such as healing of an epithelial defect, use of steroids in the post PTK period, recurrences of primary disease pathology, and infections, will be discussed. Methods of literature search: A Medline search was carried out for articles in the English language, with the keywords, phototherapeutic keratectomy, band-shaped keratopathy, spheroidal degeneration, scars, bullous keratopathy, and corneal dystrophy. The relevant references are mentioned here.

Combined Phototherapeutic Keratectomy and Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in the Treatment of Salzmann's Nodular Degeneration

PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) combined with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in patients with symptomatic Salzmann's nodular degeneration. METHODS: Eight eyes of 8 patients who underwent PTK and AMT for Salzmann's nodular degeneration with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months were included. Changes of vision, refraction and symptom, postoperative corneal status, recurrence, and postoperative complication were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Postoperative visual acuity improved more than 2 lines in 6 eyes (75.0%) and was unchanged in 2 eyes (25.0%). The mean myopic shift was 0.83 D. Symptoms improved and cosmetic results were good in all patients. Four patients (50.0) had complete resolution of symptoms. No recurrence of the nodule or postoperative complication was detected during a mean follow-up of 19.12+/-8.20 months. CONCLUSIONS: Combined PTK and AMT is a effective and safe method for treating and preventing the recurrence of symptomatic Salzmann's nodular degeneration.

A Case of Salzmann's Nodular Degeneration Caused by Chronic Irritation of Dry Eye and Trichiasis

PURPOSE: To report a case of Salzmann's nodular degeneration caused by chronic irritation from dry eye and trichiasis. METHODS: A 40-year-old female patient visited our ophthalmology clinic complaining of dryness in both eyes. History taking, measurement of visual acuity and intraocular pressure, and slit-lamp examination were performed. RESULTS: We found greyish white nodular opacities which protruded from the inferior corneal surface, and trichiasis at the lower eyelids. Epilation was performed, artificial tear, and lubricating ointment were prescribed, and therapeutic lens was applied. After 3 months of treatment, the symptom was relieved and nodular opacities diminished. CONCLUSIONS: Phlyctenular keratitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, trachoma, scarlet fever, postoperative corneal surgery, hard contact lenses, and keratoconus are well known for the course of Salzmann's nodular degeneration. The chronic irritation from dry eye and trichiasis could be the cause of Salzmann's nodular degeneration.

Presença dos ácidos ursólicos e 2x-hidroxi-ursólico Hyptis umbrosa Salzmann e Eriope crassipes Bentham (Labiatae) / Presence of ursolic acid and 2x-hidroxy-ursolic acid in Hyptis umbrosa Salzmann and Eriope crassipes Bentham (Labiatae)

Foi verificada a presença do acido ursólico e seu derivado 2α-hidroxilado em Hyptis umbros. Salzmann, assim como do acido ursólico em Eriope crassipe. Bentham.

The presence of ursolic and its 2alfa-hydroxy derivative was established in the Labiatae Hyptis umbrosa Salzmann. Ursolic acid was also isolated from another Labiatae Eriope crassipes Bentham (Labiatae).