RESUMEN
@#Sarcopenia refers to the age-associated progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass plus loss of muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance. Described as the biological substrate that antecedes physical frailty, sarcopenia is associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) code for sarcopenia represents a major step forward in translating sarcopenia to clinical practice. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus provides an algorithm for identifying and diagnosing older adults with or at-risk for sarcopenia. “Possible sarcopenia” is defined by low muscle strength or reduced physical performance, and is applicable for primary health care and community settings. Accurate case finding and assessment requires proper administration using the correct instruments. Older adults with or at-risk for sarcopenia should be evaluated for reversible causes (using the ‘4D’ mnemonic). Currently, the mainstay of treatment is non-pharmacological, comprising resistance exercise and adequate protein intake.
RESUMEN
Objective. To demonstrate that the current lumbar skeletal muscle index (LSMI) cutoff points overestimate sarcopenia in oncology patients. New cutoff points are proposed as predictors of mortality in oncology patients. Materials and methods: LSMI was estimated in a group of oncology and healthy patients on whom computed tomography was performed for oncological and non-oncological reasons, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the oncology group was determined using international cutoff points and cutoff points estimated from -1 SD and -2 SD below the average for healthy patients, recommending intermediate values to facilitate its use. A survival study was performed to demonstrate whether the cutoff points differ between mortality curves of sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients. Results: 131 healthy patients and 64 oncology patients were selected. The prevalence of sarcopenia in oncology patients was 80.8 percent and 42.1 percentwith international cutoff points, 57.5 percent and 39.5 percent tusing -1 SD and 15.4 percent and 13.2 percent using -2 SD, in men and women respectively. During the follow-up, 17 patients died and the best predictor of mortality was LSMI of 45 cm²/m² for men and 34 cm²/m² for women. Conclusion: LSMI using cutoff points of 45 cm²/m² for men and 34 cm²/m² for women, is a good predictor of mortality.
Objetivo: Demostrar que los actuales puntos de corte del índice muscular esquelético lumbar (IMEL) sobreestiman sarcopenia en pacientes oncológicos. Se proponen nuevos puntos de corte como predictores de mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos. Materiales y métodos: Se estimó el IMEL en un grupo de pacientes oncológicos y sanos que se realizaron tomografía computada por motivos oncológicos y no oncológicos, respectivamente. Se determinó la prevalencia de sarcopenia del grupo oncológico utilizando los puntos de corte internacionales y puntos de corte estimados a partir de -1DS y -2DS bajo el promedio de pacientes sanos, proponiendo valores intermedios para poder facilitar su utilización. Se realizó un estudio de sobrevida para demostrar si los puntos de corte diferencian entre curvas de mortalidad de pacientes sarcopénicos y no sarcopénicos. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 131 pacientes sanos y 64 pacientes oncológicos. La prevalencia de sarcopenia en pacientes oncológicos fue de 80.8 por ciento y 42.1 por ciento con puntos de corte internacionales, 57.5 porciento y 39.5 por ciento utilizando -1 DS y 15.4 por ciento y 13.2 por ciento utilizando -2 DS, en hombres y mujeres respectivamente. Durante el seguimiento,17 pacientes fallecieron y el mejor predictor de mortalidad fue el IMEL de 45 cm2/m2 para hombres y 34 cm²/m² para mujeres. Conclusión: El IMEL utilizando puntos de corte de 45 cm²/m² para hombres y 34 cm²/m² para mujeres, es un buen predictor de mortalidad.