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Aim To explore the main components and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. based on network pharmacology. Methods TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction were utilized to obtain the corresponding targets of molecules, and the active components were screened. The molecular-target network was constructed. Then, protein-protein interaction analysis, GO analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. Finally, mo-lecular docking by SystemsDock was combined with previous literature. Results According to the results of network analysis, 13 main components corresponding to 45 targets were screened out. IL6, TNF, ILip, IL10, PTGS2, PTGS1, CHRMi, and CHRNA7 were important inflammatory targets through NF-kB and IL-17 signaling pathway. Biological processes such as response to drug, 7-aminobutyric acid pathway, and molecular functions such as extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity, GABA-A receptor activity play a role in inflammation related to alcohol consumption, type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disorders, enteropathy, lung diseases, etc. 8,9-dehydrothymol, benzaldehyde, caryo-phyllene, a-humulene, D-germacrene, and pulegone were important anti-inflammatory components, exerting significant effects on CHRNA7, PTGS2 and PTGS1. Conclusion This method initially reveals the effective components and potential targets of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.
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Aim: To explore the mechanism of the antiinflammatory effect of essential oils of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. (EOST) by investigating the regulatory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Methods: EOST (0. 226, 0. 452 g · kg-1) were continuously administered for five days. Thirty minutes after the last administration, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (0.015 g · kg-1, 10 mL · kg-1) to construct endotoxin poisoning, and relevant indicators for sample determination were taken 12 h after modeling. Determination of NO level in lung tissues by Griess method was performed. The expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, iNOS and p65 mRNA in lung tissues were detected by qPCR. The expressions of P2X7R and Cathepsin B protein in lung tissues were assessed using immunohistochemistry. The NLRP3, caspase-1(p20), Pro-caspase-1, COP-1 protein ex pressions were detected by Western blot. Results: 0.226 g · kg-1 EOST could down-regulate the expressions of Cathepsin B and NLRP3 proteins in lung tissues of mice; 0.452 g · kg-1 EOST significantly reduced NO level, the expressions of NLRP3, iNOS, p65, IL-1β mRNA and P2X7R protein in lung tissues of mice; EOST (0.226, 0.452 g · kg-1) markedly reduced the. caspase-1 (p20) protein level and significantly increased COP1 protein level. Conclusions: The protective effect of EOST on endotoxin poisoning mice is closely related to its anti-inflammatory effects, which involves the inhibition of activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the karyotype features and genetic relationship among Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. from different producing origins. METHODS: The chromosome features of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. from 11 different producing origins were analyzed by using root-tip squashing method and clustered by the karyotype resemblance-near coefficients. RESULTS: The Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. from 11 different producing origins all had 12 chromosomes. There were four types of karyotype formula: 2n=2x=12=4m+8sm, 2n=2x=12=8m+4sm, 2n=2x=12=6m+6sm and 2n=2x=12=4m+6sm+2st. The karyotypes of Yutianchun and Shanxi Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. were 2B type, and those of the other Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. were 2A type. The asymmetrical karyotype coefficients were not distinctively different, which ranged from 61% to 67%, and the karyotype of Sichuan Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. was the most primitive among all the samples, and the highest degree of evolution belonged to Anguoxia Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. The karyotype clustering analysis showed that Jiangsu and Sichuan Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq had the highest karyotype resemblance-near coefficient (0.989) and the smallest evolutionary distance (0.011). The farthest genetic relationship existed between Zhejiang and Yutianchun Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., as shown by the minimum karyotype resemblance-near coefficient (0.792 5) and the maximum evolution distance (0.232 6). CONCLUSION: Karyotype is an important parameter for identification of medicinal plants. The genetic distances between 11 species of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. are obtained by karyotype clustering analysis of karyotype resemblance-near coefficient. The results provide cytological information for the study of germplasms identification, genetic relationship and system evolution of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.
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Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of cafferic acid and rosmarinic acid in Perilla frutescens leaves and Schizonepeta tenuifolia. Methods: The anaiysis was carried out on an Agilent C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and the mobile phase was composed of actonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous with gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 327 nm. The flow rate 1.0 mL/min at column temperature of 30 ℃. Results: Under the chromatographic condition, cafferic acid and rosmarinic acid were completely separated and other components had no effect on their determination. It showed a good linearity in the range of 0.69-22.12 and 3.65 -116.92 μg/mL. The average recoveries of P. frutescens leaves were 102.9% and 105.6%, and the RSD values were 1.8% and 1.9%. The average recoveries of S. tenuifolia were 101.2% and 101.0% and the RSD values were 2.4% and 1.9%. Conclusion: The established method is rapid, sensitive, accurate, and the test component peak separation degree is good, and could be used for the simultaneous determination of cafferic acid and rosmarinic acid in P. frutescens leaves and S. tenuifolia, which provides a scientific basis for the quality evaluation of P. frutescens leaves and S. tenuifolia.
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Objective: To establish the GC fingerprints of essential oil for Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. to control the quality. Methods:The temperature of the feed inlet and detector was both 250℃, the carrier gas was nitrogen, and the flow rate was 2 ml· min-1 . The essential oil from ten batches of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. was analyzed by GC-MS to determine the characteristic peaks and the similarity was studied as well. Results:The GC fingerprints of essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. was established, and totally 13 characteristic peaks were calibrated with high similarity. Conclusion: The method is simple, precise and reliable. The established fingerprints can be used as one of the quality control index for essential oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. .