Construindo imagens e territórios: pensando a visualidade e a materialidade do sensoriamento remoto / Constructing images and territories: thinking on the visuality and materiality of remote sensing

Reflete sobre a questão da imagem na ciência, pensando em como práticas visuais participam da construção de saberes e territórios. A crescente centralidade do visual em práticas científicas contemporâneas evidencia a necessidade de reflexão para além da imagem. O objeto da discussão se constituirá de imagens científicas usadas no monitoramento e na visualização do território. O artigo trata das relações entre a visualidade e os pesquisadores que a constroem; as infraestruturas dessa construção; e as instituições e políticas de monitoramento do território. Argumenta-se que tais imagens-relações, mais que visualizar, ajudam a constituir o território de formas específicas. Explorar esse processo possibilita uma compreensão mais complexa das formas pelas quais a ciência e a tecnologia ajudam a construir realidades.

This article offers a reflection on the question of the image in science, thinking about how visual practices contribute towards the construction of knowledge and territories. The growing centrality of the visual in current scientific practices shows the need for reflection that goes beyond the image. The object of discussion will be the scientific images used in the monitoring and visualization of territory. The article looks into the relations between visuality and a number of other factors: the researchers that construct it; the infrastructure involved in the construction; and the institutions and policies that monitor the territory. It is argued that such image-relations do not just visualize but help to construct the territory based on specific forms. Exploring this process makes it possible to develop a more complex understanding of the forms through which sciences and technology help to construct realities.

Cartografía cerebral 3D obtenida a partir de electroencefalogramas en papel / 3-D Brain Cartography Obtained from the Conventional Electroencephalogram on Paper

El electroencefalograma (EEG) es el registro clínico no invasivo más empleado para la detección rápida de estados disfuncionales del cerebro. En la actualidad la interpretación de los trazos electroencefalográficos en papel es altamente usada para el diagnóstico de diferentes patologías y requiere de un alto grado de conocimiento y entrenamiento. La cartografía cerebral, por su parte, es una técnica de representación de los trazos electroencefalográficos, en forma de mapas en dos o tres dimensiones, que sintetiza el contenido de todas las señales registradas por los electrodos para un tiempo dado. Hoy en día, existen sistemas de cartografía cerebral digitales muy sofisticados, pero a costos muy elevados y altos requerimientos de hardware. Adicionalmente, la gran mayoria de los centros clínicos en los países en vías de desarrollo poseen equipos de EEG convencionales. En este trabajo, se propone el desarrollo de una herramienta de software para la generación y visualización interactiva de mapas de actividad eléctrica cerebral a partir de los EEG convencionales en papel. Ello permite dotar, a bajo costo, a los electroencefalógrafos convencionales en papel de la capacidad de representación visual de los electroencefalógrafos digitales modernos.

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most used clinical test for assessing brain function. It is a non-invasive technique which provides a rapid detection of brain dysfunction. Nowadays, diagnosis based on the EEG curves is widely used, but its correct interpretation requires a lot of training and knowledge. On the other hand, brain cartography is an important complement of the EEG. It represents the EGG curves as a 2D or 3D color map, over the head's surface, which sinthetizes the electric information captured by the electrodes at a given time. There are very sophisticated digital EEG devices that generate a 3D cartrography of the brain. However, such devices are very expensive. In addition, most medical centers in developing countries have conventional EGG devices with chart paper output. This work presents the development of a software application which generates 3D maps of the brain's electrical activity from the conventional electroencephalogram on paper. In this way, an ancient and conventional analogic EGG becomes a modern digital EGG at a very low cost.

Teatro anatômico digital: práticas de representação do corpo na ciência / The digital anatomical theater: scientific practices for representing the body

Investigam-se etnograficamente as práticas de representação do corpo na ciência contemporânea, por meio de uma análise comparativa com o teatro anatômico renascentista, uma prática de conhecimento do corpo nos primórdios da ciência moderna. Busca-se desvendar, sobretudo, de que modo a visualização do interior do corpo atua na produção de conhecimento sobre seu funcionamento. Conclui-se que, contemporaneamente, a produção de saberes privilegia sobremaneira a validação de um código e a modelagem de processos biológicos nos quais se busca intervir. Procura-se, assim, desvendar os sentidos da circulação de imagens, dados e teorias que unem corpos materiais, técnicas de visualização e cientistas, possibilitando, desse modo, a produção de verdades sobre o corpo biológico.

Contemporary scientific practices for representing the body are investigated ethnographically through a comparative analysis with the Renaissance anatomical theater, a practice used to understand the body in early modern science. First and foremost, I seek to reveal the manner in which visualization of the inside of the body produces knowledge of its functioning. The conclusion is that, currently, the production of knowledge greatly privileges the validation of code and modeling of the biological processes in which one wishes to intervene. The objective is to unveil the meaning of the circulation of images, data and theories that bring together material bodies, visualization techniques and scientists, enabling the production of truth about the body in a biological sense.

Pilot study on 3D visualization of Human Dataset under web condition / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To reconstruct the Chinese visible human (CVH) dataset with the reconstruction algorithm, the Visualization Toolkit (VTK), and to realize long-distance accessing and alternating operation associated with virtual reality modeling language (VRML) under web condition. Methods 3D structure of the humerus was reconstructed and put out in web condition by applying the methed of capturing data of digitalized visible human. Results The 3D structure of the humerus was successfully reconstructed. These 3D images displayed the anatomical relationships of the structures of the humerus in explore windows with any angle and scale. All reconstructed structures were represented conveniently. Conclusion Based on VTK and VRML, 3D reconstruction of the humerus is realized, which will provide the support and reference for further research on the others structure's visualization of human body, and also for Visualization in Scientific Computing and long-distance teaching in anatomy.