Evaluation of the dosimetry and centralization of scout-view function in CBCT

Abstract This study evaluated the centralization of the region of interest (ROI) in acquisition of the CBCT images, when the freely positionable scout-view (SV) function is applied. Additionally, the dosimetry of the acquired images was assessed in the SV function alone as well as in complete tomographic image in two different fields of view (FOV) (50x50 and 78x150mm). A three-location device was created to accommodate the dosimeters and the specimens, in the right, middle and left location during image acquisition. For dose assessment, thermoluminescent dosimeters were irradiated within the FOV and analyzed in a portable reader. For ROI evaluation, three specimens of gutta-percha stick were placed on the same device and the CT scans were acquired (CBCT OP 300 Maxio device, 90kV, 13mA, 85 µm voxel size, FOV of 50X50mm), with and without the SV, in three positions (3-9, 1-7 and 5-11 o'clock), simulating different regions of the mouth. Two image evaluations were performed, an objective and subjective. There was a slight percentage increase (1.36% to 1.40%) of the radiation dose with the use of SV. The distances were significantly greater in the images acquired without SV (p < 0.05). Every image obtained with SV was classified as being at the FOV's center. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that SVs function is effective to centralize the ROI in the FOV, increasing the scan precision and avoiding repetitions due to positioning errors.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a centralização da região de interesse (ROI) na aquisição das imagens de TCFC, quando a função scout-view (SV) posicionável livremente é aplicada. Adicionalmente, a dosimetria das imagens adquiridas foi avaliada isoladamente na presença da função SV, bem como após aquisição de imagem tomográfica completa em dois diferentes campos de visão (FOV) (50x50 e 78x150mm). Um dispositivo de três localizações foi criado para acomodar os dosímetros e os espécimes, na localização direita, central e esquerda, durante a aquisição das imagens. Para avaliação da dose, dosímetros termoluminescentes foram irradiados dentro dos campos de visão e analisados em leitor portátil. Para avaliação da ROI, três espécimes de guta percha foram colocados no mesmo aparelho e as tomografias foram adquiridas (CBCT OP 300 Maxio, 90kV, 13mA, 85 μm tamanho de voxel, FOV de 50X50mm), com e sem a SV, em três posições (3-9, 1-7 e 5-11 horas), simulando diferentes regiões da boca. Foram realizadas duas avaliações de imagem, uma objetiva e outra subjetiva. Houve um leve aumento percentual (1,36% para 1,40%) da dose de radiação com o uso de SV. As distâncias foram significativamente maiores nas imagens adquiridas sem SV (p < 0,05). Todas as imagens obtidas com SV foram classificadas como sendo do centro do FOV. Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que a função scout view é eficaz para centralizar a ROI no FOV, aumentando a precisão do escaneamento e evitando repetições devido a erros de posicionamento.

Measurement of Neck-Shaft Angle Using CT Scout View in Healthy Jordanian Adults - A Reliability and Agreement Study

Aims:To report estimates of the reliability and agreement of a new method for measuring the femoral Neck-shaft angle in the Jordanian population. The neck-shaft angle is an important anatomical indicator in orthopedics of the hip. While there are different approaches to measuring the neck-shaft angle in the literature, there is no agreement on the best technique used for measurement. CT scout view was used in this study to provide a promising alternative. Study Design: Observational reliability and agreement study.Places and Duration of the Study:Department of physiotherapy, school of rehabilitation science, University of Jordan and University of Jordan Hospital between March 2014 and October 2015. Methodology:Two independent raters calculated the neck-shaftangle on each hip of 50 pelvic CT scout images of healthy adults to determine inter-rater reliability. One rater performed the measurement twice to determine the intra-rater reliability. Intra-class correlation coefficients were used to examine relative reliability. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and 95% minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated to examine absolute reliability. Results:The mean value of all angle measurements was 131.3. Intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.726 and 0.63 for inter and intra-rater measurements respectively. SEM and MDC for inter-rater measurements were 2.69 and 7.46 respectively. For intra-rater measurements, they were 2.84 and 7.86 respectively. Conclusion: The new method proposed in this study for measuring the neck-shaft angle showed good reliability and small measurement error.

A comparative study on the measurement of pupillary offset by Pentacam anterior segment analyzer and Keratron Scout corneal topographer / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the difference and consistency of pupillary offset measured by the Pentacam anterior segment analyzer and Keratron Scout corneal topographer.<p>METHODS: Three hundred and eleven patients(604 eyes)who underwent excimer laser in situ keratomileusis from November 2017 to February 2018 were randomly selected. Before surgery, the pupillary offset values were measured by Pentacam and Keratron, and the differences and consistency of the values between the two instruments were compared.<p>RESULTS: The pupillary offset values of the right eyes, left eyes, and both eyes between Pentacam and Keratron were statistically different(<i>P</i><0.05). There were no significant statistical differences in the offset orientations of right eyes, left eyes and both eyes between the two instruments(<i>P</i>>0.05). The 95% consistent line(<i>LoA</i>)of offset value and offset orientation in the right eyes, left eyes and both eyes between the two instruments were -0.11-0.19mm and -157.01°-135.35°, -0.12-0.18mm and -150.16°-158.22°, -0.11-0.19mm and -154.30°-147.10°, respectively. <p>CONCLUSION: The pupillary offset measured by the Pentacam was smaller than that measured by the Keratron, but the difference was within the clinically acceptable range. The accurate pupillary offset can be obtained, and be the mutual reference, correction and supplement in the both instruments.

Consistency analysis of Kappa angle measurement by Pentacam and Keratron Scout / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the repeatability and agreement of Pentacam Front Section Analyzer and Keratron Scout Corneal Topographer in measuring Kappa angle.<p>METHODS: Totally 69 patients were randomly selected from Ophthalmology Department of Leshan People's Hospital. Three readings were taken by the same examiner. Results were recorded in(<i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>)coordinates format and assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC), Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient, <i>t-</i>test, Pearson correlation analysis and bland-altman analysis.<p>RESULTS: Both instruments showed excellent repeatability in Kappa angle assessment. The results significantly correlated(<i>X</i> value: <i>r</i>=0.90,<i> P</i><0.01; <i>Y</i> value: <i>r</i>=0.91, <i>P</i><0.01), however, no significant difference were found between the two instruments. The widest 95% LoA was -0.11-0.14mm for <i>X</i> coordinate and -0.10-0.11mm for <i>Y</i>.<p>CONCLUSION: Pentacam and Keratron Scout showed excellent repeatability and agreement in Kappa angle assessment. The two instruments could aid and verify each other.

Para-Badminton: quantificação dos fundamentos do jogo através do scout / Para-Badminton: principles of the game measurement through the scout

O Para-Badminton (PBd) ou Badminton adaptado é uma modalidade Paralímpica específica para pessoas com deficiência física. Apresenta seis classes esportivas sendo duas para usuários de cadeira de rodas (UCR) e quatro para não UCR e é regido pela Federação Mundial de Badminton. Os objetivos deste estudo são quantificar os fundamentos dos jogos de PBd, categorias de UCR (WH1 e WH2), bem como divulgar o scout como ferramenta de análise de jogo. Fizeram parte da amostra quatro atletas UCR do gênero masculino, finalistas das categorias WH1 e WH2 do "9º Campeonato Mundial de ParaBadminton", Alemanha/2013. Os dados foram coletados através de filmagem dos jogos, análise e registro dos mesmos em uma planilha de scout. O scout registrou os Pontos Disputados (PD), divididos em: Pontos Ganhos (PG: caracterizados pelos acertos individuais e os erros do adversário - AI, EA) e Pontos Perdidos (PP: caracterizados pelos acertos do adversário e erros individuais - AA, EI) nos seis principais fundamentos do jogo. Os resultados demonstram que: a duração total dos dois jogos (dois games) foi de 52 minutos e 24 segundos (média 26 minutos e 12 segundos); 147 pontos (média de 73,5) foram disputados, sendo 85 decorrentes de PG e 62 de PP; 94 pontos foram proporcionados por erros dos jogadores (61 outs, 24 rede, cinco erros de recepção e quatro furos); as petecas lançadas para fora se destacaram com 52,29%; o clear (18), net-shots (16) e os drops foram os fundamentos mais executados; e o local da quadra mais vulnerável foi a área frontal. Com isso, conclui-se que é possível quantificar os jogos de PBd utilizando o scout como ferramenta de análise de jogo....(AU)

Para-Badminton (PBd) or Adapted Badminton is a Paralympic sport specific for people with physical disabilities, it has six sportive classes: two for wheelchair users (WU) and four for non WU and it is governed by Badminton World Federation. The aim of this study is to quantify principles of PBd game, WU sportive classes (WH1 and WH2), as well as disseminate the scout as a game analysis tool. Four male WU athletes participated, finalists in WH1 and WH2 categories of "9th Para-Badminton World Championship", Germany/2013. The data were collected through shooting games, analysis and annotation in scout. The scout registered Disputed Points (DP), divided into: gain points (GP) - individual hits (IH) and adversary mistakes (AM), and lost points (LP) - adversary hits (AH) and individual mistakes (IM), in six main principles of game. The results show that: the total duration of two games was 52 minutes and 24 seconds (average 26 minutes and 12 seconds); 147 points (average of 73.5) were disputed, being 85 due to GP and 62 of LP; 94 points were provided by players' errors (61 outs, 24 net, five reception errors and four holes); out shuttles were evidenced with 52.29%; clear (18), net-shots (16) and drops were the most executed principals; and the most vulnerable court area was the frontal area. It is concluded that it is possible to quantify PBd games using scout as a game analysis tool....(AU)

Effects of different scout images on radiation dose in CT scanning using automatic tube current modulation / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of different scout image on the radiation dose of head and chest spiral scanning in CT using automatic tube current modulation(ATCM).Methods CT scanning was performed on the head-neck and chest phantom with ATCM.Five different scout images through the five various positions that include anteroposterior(AP),posteroanterior(PA),lateral,AP,lateral,PA and lateral.The phantom was scanned three times for each position.Then each scout image was scanned by spiral technique once more.ROI in orbital center and C5 upper edge level were selected for Head and neck phantom,ROI in the apical and tracheal bifurcation level were selected for chest phantom.The contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was measured and recorded.The organ dose of eye lens and mammary glands were measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) in every scanning(the average of 3 measurements),The cumulative value of scout image and spiral scanning were calculated.The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) of each scan was recorded,and the cumulative value of CTDIvol was calculated.Results In the five scout images of the head-neck phantom mode,the maximum value of accumulated radiation dose of eye lens and CTDIvol appear on PA scout image(18.354 and 26.43 mGy respectively),while the minimum value appear on the lateral scout image(11.847 and 18.20 mGy respectively).In the chest phantom mode,the maximum value of the accumulated radiation dose of the mammary gland and CTDIvol emerge from the AP scout image (6.873 and 9.42 mGy respectively),while the minimum value of the mammary accumulated radiation dose appear on lateral scout image(4.592 mGy),the minimum value of CTDIvol appear on AP plus lateral scout images(3.94 mGy).The accumulated radiation dose of eye lens and CTDIvol value in PA scout image mode were 54.9％(6.507/11.847) and 45.2％(8.23/18.20) higher than those of the lateral scout image mode.The accumulated radiation dose of mammary gland and CTDIvol value in AP scout image mode were 42.5％ (2.051/4.822) and 136.7％ (5.44/3.98) higher than that of PA plus lateral scout images mode.In the head-neck phantom mode,the CNR value of orbital center and C5 upper edge level were 102.55 to 115.89,161.01 to 204.52 respectively.In the chest phantom mode,the CNR value of the apical and tracheal bifurcation level were 82.74 to 164.00,83.12 to 121.49 respectively.Conclusion The choice of the scout image had significant effect on the radiation dose and the sensitive organ dose in CT.

The clinical value of anteroposterior and lateral scout image combined with Care Dose 4D and Care kV in reducing radiation dose of chest CT scanning / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of anteroposterior and lateral scout scan combined with Care Dose 4D and Care kV in chest CT scan.Methods A total of 60 patients of clinical diagnosis with lung tumor were enrolled.Those patients were randomly divided into test group and control group.Control group underwent a scan protocol with lateral scout scan combined with Care Dose 4D and Care kV,while anteroposterior and lateral scout scan combined with Care Dose 4D and Care kV were performed in test group.The signal-to-noise ration (SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR),and overall image quality of two groups of images and diseased tissues were analyzed and evaluated by two high-grade radiologists using double-blind method.Effective doses (E) were also calculated.Results All the 60 patients had successfully completed the chest CT scans.Test group overall image quality (4.57 ± 0.45) and control group overall image quality (4.73 ± 0.45) had no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The control group image SNR,CNR and diseased tissue SNR,CNR compared with test group had no statistical significance difference (P ＞ 0.05).The difference of the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol),dose-length product (DLP) and effective dose (E) of test group and control group was statistically significant (t =8.514,8.464,8.464,P ＜ 0.001).Compared with control group,the effective dose of test group decreased by 33.3％.Conclusions Compared with lateral scout scan,the technology of anteroposterior and lateral scout scan combined with Care Dose 4D and Care kV can decrease radiation dose without reducing the image quality.This technology can therefore be considered as a regular imaging modality for chest CT scan.

Relação entre as ações finais que resultaram em gol e o mando de campo no Campeonato Brasileiro de 2009 – Série A / Relation between the final actions which resulted in gol scored and to play in home in the Brazilian championship 2009 - Serie A / Relación entre las acciones finales que culminaron en gol y jugar en casa en el Campeonato Brasileño de 2009 - Serie A

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a ocorrência de assistências, finalizações e locais na meta onde a bola passou, para comparar a frequência das variáveis entre as equipes mandantes e visitantes. Os dados foram compostos por 1.094 gols marcados em 380 jogos. A análise dos gols foi feita com base na técnica de anotação manual (scout). As comparações da frequência das variáveis entre as equipes mandantes e visitantes foram feitas por meio do teste qui-quadrado de proporções, com nível de significância de p < 0,05. O principal local de assistência com bola em movimento foi a área central do campo. As finalizações que resultaram em gols ocorreram em maior número na área central. Em todas as variáveis analisadas houve a prevalência das equipes mandantes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify the occurrence of assists, finishing and area that ball goes, to compare the frequency of the variables between the home teams and visitors. The data were composed of 1,094 goals scored in 380 games. The analysis of goals scored was made based on the technique of manual annotation (scout). The comparisons of variable frequency between the home teams and visitors were carried out by means of the chi-square test of proportions, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The primary site for assistance with the ball in motion was the central area of the field. The finishing that resulted in goals scored occurred in greater number in the central area. In all of the variables analyzed there was the prevalence of the home teams.

Resumen En este estudio se planteó como objetivo cuantificar el número de asistencias, remates a gol y lugares de la portería por donde ha pasado el balón para comparar la frecuencia de las variables entre los equipos locales y visitantes. Los datos estaban compuestos por 1.094 goles marcados en 380 partidos. El análisis de los goles se basó en la técnica de anotación manual (scout). Las comparaciones de la frecuencia de las variables entre los equipos locales y los visitantes se llevaron a cabo por medio de la prueba de chi cuadrado de proporciones, con nivel de significación de p < 0,05. El principal sitio de asistencia con el balón en movimiento fue la zona central del área de juego. Los remates a portería que acabaron en gol ocurrieron en su mayoría en la zona central. En todas las variables analizadas hay predominio de los equipos locales.

Representações sobre o escotismo, o exército e a educação corporal no Brasil: um estudo a partir de teses apresentadas em congressos escoteiros (1922-1923) / Representations about scouting, the army and body education in Brazil: a study based on theses presented in scouting congresses (1922-1923) / Representaciones sobre el movimiento scout, el ejército y la educación corporal en Brasil: un estudio a partir de tesis presentadas en congresos de scouts (1922-1923)

Estudamos a educação corporal na expansão do escotismo brasileiro no início do século XX. A partir de teses publicadas em congressos escoteiros que aconteceram nos anos 1920, analisamos as representações sobre corpo e educação com as quais os congressistas estimularam e justificaram o valor das práticas escoteiras. Como resultado, verificamos uma grande ênfase em atividades corporais que deveriam ser praticadas no escotismo seguindo os passos da “pedagogia científica”. Por isso, era defendido um afastamento da forma como o mundo militar utilizava o corpo para a formação de seus contingentes.

We study body education within the expansion of Brazilian Scouting at the beginning of the 20th century. Based on theses published in Scouting Conferences in the 1920s, we analyze representations about body and education with which participants encouraged and justified the value of scouting practices. We found a large emphasis on body activities that should be practiced in Scouting according to “scientific pedagogy”. Therefore, those views advocated a departure from the way the military world used the body to form their troops.

Estudiamos la educación corporal en la expansión del Movimiento Scout brasileño a principios del siglo XX. A partir de tesis publicadas en congresos de Scouts que fueron realizados en los años 20, analizamos las representaciones sobre cuerpo y educación con la que los congresistas alentaron y justificaron las prácticas del Movimiento Scout. Como resultado, observamos un gran énfasis sobre actividades corporales que deberían ser practicadas en el Movimiento Scout siguiendo los pasos de la “pedagogía científica”. Por eso, se abogó por un alejamiento de la forma en que el mundo militar utilizaba el cuerpo para la formación de sus contingentes.

Corpo e educação no escotismo a partir da revista O Tico Tico (1921-1933) / Body and education in scouting based on O Tico Tico magazine (1921-1933) / Cuerpo y educación en el movimiento scout desde la revista O Tico o Tico (1921-1933)

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a importância da educação corporal no interior do escotismo nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Foram analisados textos publicados na revista O Tico Tico publicados entre 1921 e 1931. Verificou-se que o escotismo foi divulgado no Brasil como uma prática educacional coadunada às modernidades pedagógicas pela consideração a respeito das atividades do corpo.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of body education in Scouting in the early decades of the twentieth century. It analyzed texts published in O Tico Tico magazine between 1921 and 1931. Scouting was found to be publicized in Brazil as an educational practice linked to pedagogical modernities because of its consideration of body activities.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la importancia de la educación corporal en el Movimiento Scout en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Textos publicados en la Revista O Tico Tico, publicados entre 1921 y 1931 fueron analizados. Se encontró que el Movimiento Scout fue divulgado en Brasil como una práctica educativa junto a modernidades pedagógicas mediante la consideración de las actividades corporales.

Comparison of Keratometry and Corneal Higher Order Aberrations between Scout Videokeratoscope and Pentacam Scheimpflug Camera

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlations of keratometry and corneal high order aberrations (HOAs) between the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and the Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera. METHODS: From December 2012 to February 2013, keratometry and corneal HOAs were determined using the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera in 23 healthy individuals (46 eyes). RESULTS: Average keratometry showed high correlation with 95% confidence interval -0.155 +/- 0.37 between the Keratron Scout and Pentacam HR. When comparing HOAs of the Keratron Scout and total corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total root-mean-square (RMS), and spherical aberration were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.67, p < 0.001 and r = 0.74, p < 0.001, respectively). When comparing HOAs of Keratron Scout and anterior corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total RMS, spherical aberration and coma were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.62, p < 0.001, r = 0.81, p < 0.001, and r = 0.52, p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the 2 devices are based upon different principles, the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera showed positive correlations in keratometry, total RMS, spherical aberration, and coma. Both devices may be useful for clinical applications.

Comparison of Keratometry and Corneal Higher Order Aberrations between Scout Videokeratoscope and Pentacam Scheimpflug Camera

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlations of keratometry and corneal high order aberrations (HOAs) between the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and the Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera. METHODS: From December 2012 to February 2013, keratometry and corneal HOAs were determined using the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera in 23 healthy individuals (46 eyes). RESULTS: Average keratometry showed high correlation with 95% confidence interval -0.155 +/- 0.37 between the Keratron Scout and Pentacam HR. When comparing HOAs of the Keratron Scout and total corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total root-mean-square (RMS), and spherical aberration were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.67, p < 0.001 and r = 0.74, p < 0.001, respectively). When comparing HOAs of Keratron Scout and anterior corneal HOAs of Pentacam HR, total RMS, spherical aberration and coma were positively correlated between the 2 devices (r = 0.62, p < 0.001, r = 0.81, p < 0.001, and r = 0.52, p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the 2 devices are based upon different principles, the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope and Pentacam HR Scheimpflug camera showed positive correlations in keratometry, total RMS, spherical aberration, and coma. Both devices may be useful for clinical applications.

A educação corporal no Paraná através do movimento escoteiro em Guarapuava (1927-1936) / The corporal education in Parana state through the boys-scout movement in Guarapuava (1927-1936)

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as representações e as práticas escoteiras em Guarapuava-PR no final da década de 1920, pontuando a ênfase dada pelos seus atores na questão da educação corporal. Como fontes primárias foram utilizados, predominantemente, jornais publicados na cidade durante o período. A partir das ferramentas metodológicas elaboradas por Chartier (2002) e Certeau (2007), analisamos a educação corporal executada pelo escotismo, dividindo o texto em três momentos: no primeiro, enfatizamos a forte presença da educação corporal no escotismo no Brasil; no segundo, realizamos a mesma tarefa focalizando o estado do Paraná; por fim, detemonos na primazia da educação corporal nas ideias e práticas escoteiras que tiveram lugar em Guarapuava. Como conclusão, pudemos observar que o escotismo guarapuavano absorveu em suas práticas educacionais os preceitos dos modernos debates pedagógicos que valorizavam a atenção à educação do corpo, divulgando-os na cidade e criando algumas das condições para que ela fosse escolarizada.

The goal of this paper is to analyze the representations and practices done by boys-scouts groups in Guarapuava, betwee 1928 and 1936. As primaries sources were utilized, predominantly, newspapers published in the city during the period. Having the methodological tools made up by Chartier (2002) and Certeau (2007), we studied the corporeal education carried out by the boy-scout movement, dividing the text in three different parts: first, we put emphasis in the massive presence of corporeal education in the Brazilian boys-scout movement. Secondly, we did the same task focusing on the Paraná State. In the end, we scrutinized the value put in the corporeal education put by the boys-scouts practices which took place in Guarapuava. As conclusion, we could see that the boys-scout movement that existed in Guarapuava absorbed, in its educational practices, the modern pedagogical precepts which gave great attention to the body education, creating some conditions to make it schooled.