Initial Seizure Threshold in Brief-Pulse Bilateral Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to report the initial seizure threshold (IST) of a brief-pulse bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (BP-BL ECT) in Korean patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and to identify IST predictors. METHODS: Among 67 patients who received ECT and diagnosed with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, we included 56 patients who received 1-millisecond BP-BL ECT after anesthesia with sodium thiopental between March 2012 and June 2018. Demographic and clinical information was gathered from electronic medical records, and a multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of the IST. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 36.9±12.0 years and 30 (53.6%) patients were male. The mean and median IST were 105.9±54.5 and 96 millicoulombs (mC), respectively. The IST was predicted by age, gender, and dose (mg/kg) of sodium thiopental. Other physical and clinical variables were not associated with the IST. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the IST of 1-ms BP-BL ECT following sodium thiopental anesthesia in Korean patients was comparable to those reported in previous literature. The IST was associated with age, gender, and dose of sodium thiopental.

Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Seizure Threshold during Electroconvulsive Therapy

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between seizure threshold (ST) and psychotropic drugs in patients treated with ECT. METHODS: We examined clinical data from 43 patients. ST was titrated at each treatment session. We examined associations between ST and psychotropic drugs using multivariate correlation analyses. Data are presented as initial ST, the difference in ST between the first and 10th sessions (ΔST(10th)), and the mean difference in ST between the first and last sessions (mean ΔST(last)). RESULTS: Multivariate regression analyses showed associations between initial ST and the total chlorpromazine-equivalent dose of antipsychotics (β=0.363, p<0.05). The total fluoxetine-equivalent dose of antidepressants was associated with ΔST(10th) (β=0.486, p<0.01) and mean ΔST(last) (β=0.472, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our study elucidated possible effects of psychotropic drugs on ST shifts. Larger doses of antipsychotics were associated with higher initial ST, whereas higher doses of antidepressants were associated with stronger shifts in ST.

Efeitos da epilepsia e da desnutrição no sistema nervoso central em desenvolvimento: aspectos clínicos e evidências experimentais / Effects of epilepsy and malnutrition in the developing central nervous system: clinical aspects and experimental evidences

INTRODUÇÃO: A desnutrição e epilepsia são problemas prevalentes em países em desenvolvimento, principalmente na faixa etária pediátrica. OBJETIVOS: Tendo em vista o impacto que insultos como as crises convulsivas e a desnutrição geram no sistema nervoso central (SNC) de crianças, nosso estudo visa revisar a literatura atual sobre a relação entre desnutrição precoce e epilepsia em estudos clínicos e experimentais em ratos. METODOLOGIA: Revisão de literatura em revistas indexadas no Medline, no período de janeiro de 2000 até dezembro de 2008. RESULTADOS: Foram utilizados os unitermos epilepsy e malnutrition para a busca, sendo encontrados 1044 artigos, dos quais 56 foram selecionados para esta revisão. Procuramos resumir os principais achados referentes às alterações influenciadas pelas crises convulsivas e desnutrição no desenvolvimento do SNC. CONCLUSÕES: A análise desses artigos indicou que a desnutrição precoce acarreta déficit neuronal, com alterações cognitivas e modificações no desenvolvimento e crescimento em modelos experimentais, podendo haver maior suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas. Aparentemente, a desnutrição não é uma causa direta de epilepsia, mas pode diminuir o limiar para as crises epiléticas, havendo um efeito aditivo entre ambas.

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition and epilepsy are main problems in developing countries, especially affecting children. PURPOSE: Considering the impact that insults like seizures and malnutrition have in the developing central nervous system (CNS), our study intends to review the current literature about the relation between epilepsy and early malnutrition in clinical and experimental studies in rats. METHODS: Literature review in Medline, during the period of January of 2000 to December 2008. RESULTS: Using the key words epilepsy and malnutrition, 1044 articles were found, from which we used 56 to this review. We intended to summarize the main findings that are refered to the alterations induced by seizures and malnutrition in the CNS development. CONCLUSION: The analysis of these articles indicated that early malnutrition lead to neuronal deficit, with cognitive alterations and growth and developmental disorders in experimental models, possibly causing more susceptibility to seizures. Apparently, malnutrition is not a direct cause of epilepsy, but it can decrease the threshold to seizures, suggesting an additive effect between these variables.