Implementación del método de FilmArrayTM en pacientes pediátricos con infecciones severas / Implementation of the FilmArrayTM method in pediatric patients with severe infections / Implementação do método de matriz do FilmArrayTM em pacientes pediátricos com infecções graves

Se evaluó la implementación del método de PCR múltiple FilmArrayTM (Biofire Diagnostics, LLC, EE.UU.) en 21 niños con infección respiratoria aguda baja, 3 con meningoencefalitis, y un caso de sepsis. Se registraron el tiempo de demora hasta obtener el resultado y adecuar el tratamiento, los días de internación, los patógenos detectados y el costo de la incorporación de esta metodología. En los niños estudiados con FilmArrayTM el resultado estuvo disponible a los 90 minutos desde la toma de la muestra. Se detectaron patógenos no demostrados por los métodos disponibles, como Rhinovirus, además de diagnosticar coinfección viral; el tiempo promedio de estadía resultó 5 días. Se estimó reducir un 40% el costo global de internación. La implementación de FilmArrayTM resultó sencilla y se pudo incorporar a la sistemática de trabajo. Si bien esta experiencia incluyó un bajo número de pacientes, aportó información que demuestra el potencial de esta metodología para un mejor manejo del paciente crítico.

The implementation of multiple PCR FilmArrayTM (Biofire Diagnostics, LLC, USA) for 21 children with low acute respiratory infection, 3 with meningoencephalitis, and 1 case of sepsis was evaluated. Delay time until the result was obtained and the treatment adapted, hospitalization days, pathogens detected and the cost of incorporating this methodology were all recorded. In the children studied with FilmArrayTM the result was available 90 minutes after the sample was taken. Pathogens were not demonstrated by the available methods, such as Rhinovirus, apart from diagnosing viral coinfection, the average length of stay was 5 days. It was estimated to reduce the overall cost of hospitalization by 40%. The implementation of FilmArrayTM was simple and could be incorporated into the work system. Although this experience included a low number of patients, it provided information that demonstrates the potential of this methodology for better management of the critical patient.

Foi avaliada a implementação do método de PCR múltiplo FilmArrayTM (Biofire Diagnostics, LLC, EUA) em 21 crianças com infecção respiratória aguda baixa, 3 com meningoencefalite e um caso de sepse. O tempo de atraso foi registrado até a obtenção do resultado e a adaptação do tratamento, dias de internação, patógenos detectados e o custo da incorporação dessa metodologia. Nas crianças estudadas com o FilmArrayTM, o resultado ficou disponível 90 minutos após a coleta da amostra; foram detectados os patógenos não demonstrados pelos métodos disponíveis, como o Rinovírus, além de diagnosticar a coinfecção viral; o tempo médio de permanência foi de 5 dias. Foi estimado reduzir o custo total da hospitalização em 40%. A implementação do FilmArrayTM foi simples e pôde ser incorporada à sistemática de trabalho. Embora essa experiência tenha incluído um número de pacientes baixo, forneceu informações que demonstram o potencial dessa metodologia para um melhor gerenciamento do paciente crítico.

Application of quinolones in children with severe infection / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of quinolones in children with severe infection. Methods Patients with severe infections treated in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Beijing Children's Hospital from November 2016 to January 2018 were enrolled. The clinical data were collected and analyzed. Results Totally 24 children were treated with quinolones, including levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Patients with poor initial treatment were treated with levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin on the basis of drug sensitivity for bacterial infections. Moxifloxacin was used to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in patients poorly treated by macrolides antibiotics or macrolide-resistance gene positive. Among the 24 cases, 1 case (4.2 ％) was cured, 19 cases (79.1 ％) treated effectively, 1 case had no response (4.2 ％), and 3 cases (12.5 ％) discharged automatically during treatment, with a response rate of 83.3 ％. The consciousness, skin, joint and gastrointestinal function were closely observed; blood routine test, liver and kidney function were closely monitored. There were no adverse drug reactions during the period of medication. Conclusions Quinolones can improve efficacy and prognosis for pediatric patients with severe infections. There are no drug related adverse reactions, indicating a safe short-term use. The use of quinolones in children is super-instructive, and clinical pharmacists should assist physicians in doing related work and reduce medical risks.

Investigation of Pharmaceutical Care for Pediatric Severe Infection Treatment by Clinical Pharmacists / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in pediatric severe infection treatment,and to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS:Based on related typical cases,the breakthrough points of clinical pharmacists providing pharmaceutical care in pediatric severe infection treatment plan were introduced. RESULTS:Clinical pharmacists formu-lated multi-drug resistance pathogenic antibacterial plan according to the results of pathogenic microbiological examination,use pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics,excluded interference to pediatric anti-infection treatment from ADR,and guideline and eco-nomical factors of patients. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists adopt professional knowledge of pharmacy to provide pharmaceu-tical care in pediatric severe infection treatment and play professional assisted role so as to guarantee safe,effective and economical treatment.

Retrospective analysis the effect of linezolid on severe Gram-positive bacteria infection in children / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of linezolid on severe Gram-positive bacteria infection in chil-dren. Methods The retrospective analysis was performed in the clinical cases of severe Gram-positive bacteria infection which were insensitive to drugs selected from experience but sensitive to linezolid according to sputum culture and sensitivity test. Re-sults Twenty-four children with severe Gram-positive bacterial infections were treated with linezolid by intravenous infusion (10 mg/kg, q8h) for 10-14 days. All of them were markedly improved. Conclusions When drugs selected from experiences are ineffective, linezolid or in combination with other drugs is a good choice in the treatment of severe Gram-positive bacterial in-fections.

Infecciones graves del periné: unificación de conceptos / Perineal severe infections: concepts unification

Esta monografía se refiere a diferentes procesos que se caracterizan por una inflamación progresiva de la región perineal que llega a la necrosis de la piel, el tejido celular subcutáneo y ocasionalmente el músculo, generando una severa toxicidad sistémica. Es necesario agruparlos bajo la denominación de “infecciones graves del periné” teniendo en cuenta su forma similar de presentación, el diagnóstico precoz que merecen, y el tratamiento exhaustivo del que depende su curación. Existen factores predisponentes, como la diabetes mellitus, y otros desencadenantes, como los procedimientos invasivos locorregionales, que favorecen la aparición de esta afección. Las causas más frecuentes son infecciones anorrectales, genitourinarias y lesiones traumáticas. Casi todos los casos se caracterizan por presentar flora bacteriana mixta y sinérgica. En los cultivos se identifican organismos anaerobios y aerobios facultativos. El diagnóstico se basa en los hallazgos clínicos. La utilidad de las imágenes se limita al diagnóstico precoz de lesiones que potencialmente pueden dar lugar al surgimiento de esta entidad, y a la búsqueda de colecciones que han pasado desapercibidas. La bacteriología provee las bases para ejercer un programa de tratamiento de rutina. El tratamiento debe ser instaurado inmediatamente. La buena evolución de esta grave patología se basa en las medidas urgentes y generales de reanimación, compensación y sostén, antibióticoterapia adecuada, y con una cirugía que siempre debe ser precoz y agresiva. El impacto de la terapia coadyuvante con oxígeno hiperbárico en cuanto a mejoras en los resultados permanece en controversia. Con respecto a la cirugía reparadora, debe tenerse en cuenta que el realizar un debridamiento agresivo, conlleva acarrear con malos resultados estéticos y dificultad en la cicatrización del lecho quirúrgico...

This work talks about different processes that characterize by a progressive inflammation of the perineal region which includes skin, hypodermis and occasionally the muscle necrosis, generating a severe general toxicity. It is necessary to group them under the denomination of “serious infections of perineum” considering its similar form of presentation, the precocious diagnosis needed, and the exhaustive treatment that depends its treatment. There are many helping factors, such as diabetes mellitus, and other leading ones, like regional invasive procedures, which help to promote this affection. The most frequent causes are anorectal and genitourinary infections, and traumatic injuries. Almost all cases are characterized by displaying mixed and sinergical bacterial flora. Anaerobic and facultative aerobic organisms are identified in tissue cultures. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings. The utility of images is limited to the precocious diagnosis of injuries that can give rise to the sprouting of this illness, and the search of unnoticed collections. Bacteriology provides the bases to start a program of routine treatment. Treatment must be restored immediately. The favorable evolution of this serious pathology is based on urgent and general measures of resuscitation, suitable antibiotic therapy, and surgery, that always must be precocious and aggressive. The impact of helping hyperbaric oxygen therapy as far as improvements in results remains in controversy. As far as repairing surgery, it must be consider that making an aggressive surgery entails to carry with bad aesthetic results and difficulties in the cicatrization of the surgical wound. This fact does not have to be more important than the initial therapeutic success, which will save of the patient's life. Without a suitable handling, the perineum severe infections present a terrible prognosis, with high mortality rate and anatomic and functional sequels that causes invalidity.