Percepciones asociadas a conductas sexuales de riesgo / Perceptions associated with risky sexual behaviors

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar en un grupo de jóvenes tabasqueños las percepciones asociadas con conductas sexuales de riesgo. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio mixto y transversal, realizado con un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia de 60 personas, quienes cumplían con los criterios de inclusión (18-25 años) pertenecientes al estado de Tabasco, 30 hombres y 30 mujeres. Se les aplicó la encuesta de salud y hábitos sexuales. Resultados: Las mujeres señalaron como sus mayores fuentes de educación sexual a los médicos (30%) y a sus madres (23%); mientras que, en el grupo de los hombres, fueron médicos, amistades, libros, etc. Para la percepción de riesgo de contraer VIH con el comportamiento sexual actual, los hombres percibieron mayor riesgo de contagio que las mujeres. Relacionado con las medidas que protegen del VIH, el uso del preservativo fue el método identificado como el más seguro, tanto en hombres (96.66%) como en mujeres (100%). En segundo lugar, se reconoció la opción "hacerse pruebas con frecuencia"; sin embargo, el 65% señaló nunca haberse realizado la prueba de VIH. Acerca del uso de los preservativos, en ambos grupos, predominaron respuestas, tales como, "son complicados de usar", "crean desconfianza en la pareja", entre otras. Sobre la percepción de los mecanismos a través de los cuales se podría adquirir el VIH, los 60 (100%) encuestados marcaron que el VIH se transmite a través de las relaciones sexuales; sin embargo, la opción "por picadura de mosquito" fue elegida por 3 (10%) hombres y una mujer (3.33%). Conclusiones: Las percepciones erróneas pueden ser determinantes para acceder a prácticas sexuales inseguras. Identificar las percepciones equivocadas, las fuentes, calidad y veracidad de la información en temas de sexualidad, así como los factores de riesgo y de protección, puede servir para diseñar intervenciones psicoeducativas eficientes, como estrategia de prevención para los adolescentes y los jóvenes.

Abstract: Objective: To identify youth perceptions associated to risky sexual behaviors in a group of teenagers from Tabasco. Material and methods: It is a mixed, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sampling which was carried out at the convenience of 60 people who met the inclusion criteria (18-25 years old) belonging to the state of Tabasco, consisting of 30 women and 30 men. Health and sexual habits surveys were applied to them. Results: Women indicated doctors (30%) and their mothers (23%) as their main sources of sexual education; while, in the group of men, they referred to doctors, friends, books, etc. For the perception of risk of acquiring HIV with current sexual behavior, men perceived a higher risk of infection in comparison to women. In relation of measures that protect against HIV, the use of condoms was identified as the safest method, both in men (96.66%) and in women (100%). The second safest option they referred to was "to get tested frequently"; however, 65% reported never having an HIV test in the past. Regarding the use of condoms, in both groups, responses predominated, such as, "they are difficult to use", "they create mistrust in the partner", among others. Concerning about the perception of mechanisms through which HIV could be acquired, 60 participants (100%) indicated that HIV is transmitted through sexual intercourse; however, the option "by mosquito bite" was chosen by 3 men (10%) and one woman (3.33%). Conclusions: Wrongful perceptions can be decisive in the practice of unsafe sexual practices. Identifying misperceptions, sources, quality and veracity of information on sexuality issues, as well as risk and protective factors, can be useful to design efficient psychoeducational interventions as a prevention strategy for adolescents and the youth.

Analysis of AIDS sentinel surveillance among college students in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province in 2016‒2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the prevalence of AIDS/HIV， sexual behavior， knowledge， and access to HIV-related services among college students in Taizhou from 2016 through 2018， and provide scientific evidence for developing targeted strategies and measures. Methods:Based on the National HIV/AIDS Sentinel Surveillance， a cross-sectional survey was conducted annually among college students in three sentinels by a multi-stage cluster sampling across Taizhou， using questionnaire and laboratory examination. Results:A total of 4 185 college students were surveyed during 2016–2018， in which the proportion of reporting sexual behavior was 7.7%， with 58.4% using condom at. Sexual behavior， with fixed sexual partners， casual partners， commercial partners， and homosexual partners accounted for 68.7%， 23%， 4.0%， and 4.0%， respectively. Sexual experience and sexual behavior with fixed partners were statistically different among colleges and gender， which was much higher in male and vocational schools. The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS knowledge was 65.8%； 3.6% was found to have HIV voluntary counseling and testing， in which 7.8% had sexual behavior， indicating an upward trend over years. No college student tested positive for HIV from 2016 to 2018， and only one tested positive for anti-syphilis antibody and one positive for anti-hepatitis C antibody. Conclusions:Young male and vocational students in Taizhou are likely to have more sexual behavior and lower awareness on HIV/AIDS. College students have at-risk sexual behavior， insufficient awareness of HIV/AIDS， which may facilitate high risk of infection. It warrants further strengthening HIV/AIDS health education.

A Cross-sectional study to explore Sexual dysfunctions among male Hypertensive Patients attending Medicine OPD of Tertiary care centre, Western India

Background: Sexual dysfunction has been traditionally attributed to psychogenic origins and managed bymental health professionals and urologists. However, advances in pathophysiology research point to avascular origin of the problem in the majority of patients, possibly due to atherosclerotic lesions in the genitalarteries that result in decreased blood flow. During management of Hypertension; even the highly skilledphysicians fail to raise the question of sexual dysfunction as they have never been accustomed to do it intheir routine practice.Aim: The study has two aims- (i) to evaluate sexual dysfunctions in male patients of Hypertension and (ii)comparison of sexual dysfunctions and other variables between case and control group.Methodology: Consecutive 200 Hypertensive patients were included in the study. Individuals withcomparable age served as a control group. Detailed socio-demographic variables, substance history andtreatment history for hypertension obtained using a semi-structured Performa. Subject’s sexual dysfunctionswere assessed by ASEX (Arizona Sexual Experience Scale), IIEF (International Index of ErectileDysfunction), PEDT ( Premature ejaculation diagnostic tools).Result: Of the 200 hypertensive patients, 74(37%) participants reported erectile dysfunction, 16(8%)participants reported premature ejaculation, while among 200 normotensive participants, only 8(4%)reported erectile dysfunction, 15(7.5%) reported premature ejaculation. Of the hypertensive participantsstudied, 23% had severe, 8% had moderate, 6% had mild erectile dysfunction. Frequency of erectiledysfunction increase with advancing age.Conclusion: The present study has revealed that erectile dysfunction was a major problem, with a higherprevalence among hypertensive men than normotensive men. Age was considered statistically significantpredictors of erectile dysfunction.Keywords: Sexual dysfunctions, International Index of Erectile dysfunction, Arizona sexual experiencescale, Premature ejaculation diagnostic tools, hypertension

Obstructive sleep apnea affects the sexual function of the male patient / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the factors influencing the sexual function of the male patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).@*METHODS@#Using Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), we conducted a questionnaire investigation among 81 male patients with OSA aged 40.5 ± 8.6 years and 35 healthy volunteers aged 38.8 ± 10 years. According to the sex drive (SD) score in ASEX, we divided the OSA patients into an SD reduction group (SD score = 4, n = 32) and a non-SD reduction group (SD score <4, n = 49), compared the clinical data and polysomnographic (PSG) indexes, and analyzed the factors influencing SD by evaluating the association of the PSG indexes with the SD score.@*RESULTS@#The OSA patients scored significantly higher than the healthy controls in ESS (8 ± 5 vs 5 ± 4, P <0.05) and ASEX (15 ± 4 vs 10 ± 2, P <0.05), and so did the patients of the SD reduction group than those of the non-SD reduction group in ESS (9 ± 5 vs 6 ± 5, P <0.05) and saturation impair time below 90% (SIT90) (41.01 ± 26.95 vs 21.87 ± 19.03, P <0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the SD score was significantly correlated with age (β = 0.25, P <0.001) and SIT90 (β = 0.4, P <0.001) in the OSA patients.@*CONCLUSIONS@#OSA affects various aspects of the sexual function, particularly SD, of the patient. The duration of hypoxia and age of the patient are independent risk factors for SD reduction, which can be considered as a main clinical symptom of OSA.

Predicción del tipo de experiencia sexual en función de variables psicológicas y sociodemográficas en adolescentes panameños / Predicting the kind of sexual experience in terms of sociodemographic and psychological variables in panamanians adolescents

El objetivo de este estudio es establecer un modelo predictivo del tipo de experiencia sexual, a través de la evaluación de una serie de variables psicológicas y sociodemográficas. La muestra, representativa de la población de adolescentes escolarizados de Chiriquí (Panamá), está formada por 1.897 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 años (M = 16.25; DT = 1.47). Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en las variables evaluadas en función del tipo de experiencia sexual. Además, el sexo, la religión, el nivel de estudios del padre, el locus de control interno, la autoeficacia, la comunicación con la madre, la comunicación con amigos y la susceptibilidad, resultaron ser variables predictoras del tipo de experiencia sexual.

The aim of this work is to determine whether sociodemographic and psychosocial variables predict the kind of sexual experience. Participants were 1.897 adolescents. Ages ranging from 14 to 18 years old (M = 16.25; SD = 1.47). The results showed significant differences in the variables evaluated according to the type of sexual experience. In addition, sex, religion, parent educational level, internal locus control, self-efficacy, communication with mother, communication with friends and susceptibility were found to be significant predictors of type of sexual experience.

Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction: A comparison between Duloxetine and Escitalopram.

Background: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) have the potential to produce delayed ejaculation in men, delayed orgasm or anorgasmia in women and decreased libido that is independent of the gender. The occurrence of medication-associated sexual dysfunction increases the likelihood of medication non-compliance (or non-adherence) in patients, which may contribute to untreated depression and/or disease relapse. Materials & Methods: 60 patients with diagnosis of Depressive episode (in remission at the time of study), divided into 2 groups of 30 patients taking Duloxetine and the remaining 30 patients taking Escitalopram, were recruited on consecutive basis from the patients attending Psychiatry OPD of Lady Hardinge Medical College (LHMC). Each subject was rated on Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and the results obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: In the present study the average ASEX score obtained in the Escitalopram group (12.63) was found to be more than that in Duloxetine group (12.36), though this difference was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: These results illustrate that antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction is reported frequently by patients taking SSRIs or SNRIs. Our study did not find any significant difference between escitalopram and duloxetine with respect to their sexual dysfunction profile but in view of the limitations of our study there is need for further research in this domain of psychopharmacology.

Sexual experience did not affect the long-term sexual behavior inhibition of male rats treated with fluoxetine

Antidepressants, including tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cause sexual dysfunctions such as decreased sexual desire, erectile difficulties, and delayed ejaculation. Studies have shown that treatment with fluoxetine inhibits several components of sexual behavior in male rats. It is known that sexual experience improves the sexual behavior of male rats. Thus, the effects of sexual experience were examined in male rats during long-term treatment with fluoxetine or vehicle. Rats treated with 10mg/kg fluoxetine or vehicle daily (28 days) were observed for sexual behavior at the 14th, 21st, and 28th day of treatment. Long-term administration of fluoxetine increased the mount latency in control rats in the first session; no differences were observed in other parameters on the same day. Still in the control group, the mount and intromission latencies gradually decreased, whereas the number of intromissions and ejaculations increased over the sessions. The group in long-term treatment with fluoxetine also showed reduced mount and intromission latencies, although latencies remained significantly higher as compared to the control group. Fluoxetine-treated rats showed increased mount and intromission rates on the 28th day of treatment in relation to the first day. These data suggest that the impairment caused by long-term treatment with fluoxetine persists throughout the sessions despite the rats’ sexual experience.

Relationship among Sexual Consciousness, Reproductive Health Knowledge and Sexual Experience in High School Students / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to look at the relationship among sexual consciousness, reproductive health knowledge and sexual experience. METHOD: the subjects were 276 high school students in 4 high schools in Gyonggi Province and Chungnam Province. The data was collected from August 1 to September 10, 2003. RESULT: The average age of the subjects is 16.5 years old, composed of male students, 154 persons (55.8%), and female students, 122 persons (44.2%). The mean scores of sexual consciousness, reproductive health knowledge and the mean level of sexual experience are 28.9, 10.5, and 1.7 respectively. There is a significant difference in sexual consciousness and sexual experience by sex (t=-3.22, p< .001; t=8.17, p< .001), the male students have more sexual experience than the female students, while the girls have a higher sexual consciousness than boys. Sexual consciousness has a negative relationship with reproductive health knowledge and sexual experiences (r=-0.13, p=0.04; r=-0.17, p=0.01). Sexual experience has a positive relationship to reproductive health knowledge (r=0.21, p< .001). CONCLUSION: We can conclude that sexual consciousness and reproductive health knowledge are weakly related to sexual experience. In addition we suggest developing an educational program to enhance sexual consciousness for high school students considering sexual differences.

Study on the Sexual Attitudes Type and Sexual Experiences as Regards Risk Behaviors in Girls High School Students / 여성건강간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between sexual attitude and risk behaviors, between risk behavior and sexual experiences in Korean girls high school students. The subjects for this study were 522 girls, who were samples from a target population of 63,375 11th grade students from 200 regular high schools and 70 vocational high schools in Seoul. The data were collected from June 22 to July 18, 2002. A structured questionnaire was used that included measurement of general characteristics, sexual attitudes, risk behaviors and sexual experiences. The data were processed with the SAS program, which uses descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA in its analyses. The results of this study are as follows: 1.The frequency of sexual experience is as follows; 'holding hands' had the highest percentage, 57.47%, followed in order by 'arms around' 50.19%, 'act of embracing' 50.19%, 'kiss' 37.74%, 'french kiss' 30.84%, 'touch breasts' 8.62%, 'touch sexual organs' 3.26%, 'coitus' 2.30%, 'contraception' 0.77%, 'pregnancy' 0.19%, 'abortion' 0.19%, and 'prostitution' 0.19%. 2.The score of conservatives types was significantly different depending upon exposure to pornographic material and drinking. In comparison, the score of permissiveness types was significantly different depending upon exposure to pornographic material, drinking, and running away from home. But the score of pleasure seeking types was not significantly different than that of the risk behaviors types. 3.There was statistically significant difference in the sexual experience depending upon exposure to pornographic material, drinking, smoking, and running away from home. 4. In the relationship between sexual attitude types and sexual experience, there was a negative correlation between the conservatives types and sexual experiences such as 'holding hands', 'arms around', 'act of embracing', 'kiss', 'french kiss', 'touch breasts', 'touch sexual organs', and 'coitus'. There was a positive correlation between the permissiveness types and sexual experiences such as 'holding hands', 'arms around', 'act of embracing', 'kiss', 'french kiss', 'touch breasts', 'touch sexual organs', and 'coitus'. There was also a positive correlation between the pleasure-seeking types and sexual experiences such as 'touch sexual organ', 'contraceptions', 'pregnancy', and 'prostitution'. Based on the finding of this study, this society should develop a integrated program to prevent risk behaviors and sexual experiences in girls high school students.