The Association between Night Shift Work and Hypertension Among Workers at A Construction Company in Jakarta

@#Introduction: Night shift work, which can cause circadian misalignment, may be associated with increased blood pressure. The purpose of this research was to find out the prevalence of hypertension and the associated factors of hypertension among night shift and day shift workers at a construction company in Jakarta. Methods: The data used in this study was taken from records of general medical checkup which was held in August 2019. Data of 107 male workers (28 day shift workers, 79 night shift workers) were gathered. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in night shift workers (59.5%) was higher compared to that in the day shift workers (17.9%). Systolic blood pressures (SBPs) of the night shift workers (mean SBP = 137.58; SD = 15.05; CI 95% = 134.58-141.32) were significantly higher compared to day shift workers’ (mean SBP = 122.14, SD = 13.24; CI 95% = 117.01-127.07). Diastolic blood pressures (DBPs) of night shift workers (mean DBP = 84.90; SD = 10.59; CI 95% = 82.53-87.27) were also significantly higher than day shift workers’ (mean DBP = 76.54; SD = 10.85; CI 95% = 72.33-80.74). According to multiple logistic regression analysis, workers with night shifts (OR = 7.47; CI 95% = 2.48-22.51) and overweight (OR = 2.73; CI 95% = 1.04-7.18) were significantly associated with hypertension compared to day shift workers and normal weight workers, respectively, after adjusted by other covariates. Conclusion: Night shift workers faced higher risk of hypertension compared to day shift workers, particularly for those who were overweight.

The Effects of Circadian Rhythm Disruption towards Metabolic Stress and Mental Health: A Review (Kesan Gangguan Ritma Sirkadian terhadap Stres Metabolik dan Kesihatan Mental: Satu Tinjauan Kepustakaan / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#This review aims to present an overview of current research findings on the possible effects of circadian rhythm (CR) disruption towards metabolic stress and mental health. CR can be described as an internal biological clock that regulates our body functions, based on our sleep/wake cycle. Any time that our normal 24-hour circadian rhythm is altered or interrupted, it will have physiological and psychological impacts. However, in today’s demanding working world, most of us are working defying the normal conditions without realising the significant drawbacks of it. Therefore, this review summarises the findings from several researches on the physiological (metabolic stress) and psychological (cognitive functioning and mental health) impacts of the CR disruption in order to assist people to have a holistic view on the effects of CR to our mind and body. Evidences that linked these aspects to health circumstances of shift workers have also been highlighted.

Sleepiness And Daily Sleep Of Malaysian Shift Workers In Electronics Manufacturing Industry

@#The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between sleepiness and daily sleep amount, and its significant associated factors among shift workers of the electronics manufacturing industry in Malaysia. 300 shift workers were asked to respond to a survey on demographic information, sleepiness and daily sleep. Sleepiness was surveyed by using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and daily sleep was captured by using sleep diary. A total of 255 employees provided valid data for analysis. To test the hypothesis, statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS program version 24. Sleepiness among shift workers found to be increased by the end of the shift. Around 30% of workers did not have an adequate amount of daily sleep. Sleepiness was found to have significant associations with age, marital status, level of education, time of shift, and working experience. Meanwhile, the amount of daily sleep obtained was only significantly associated with the age of the respondents. There is no significant relationship found between sleepiness and daily sleep of the shift workers. Shift workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Malaysia were exposed to sleepiness at work and reduction in their daily sleep. This will increase the risk of an accident in the workplace. Appropriate intervention program should be implemented to curb this problem.

Effectiveness of light therapy on sleep quality in shift workers:a systematic review / 中华护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of light therapy on improving sleep quality in shift workers.Methods We searched both Chinese and English language databases to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs) regarding the effectiveness of light therapy on improving sleep quality in shift workers.The studies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and were critically appraised by two reviewers.Data of included studies were extracted,and only descriptive analysis was conducted.Results Eleven RCTs were included.The contents of light therapy included:environment and tools of light therapy,light intensity,time of illumination,duration of light and frequency of illumination.Conclusion Different light therapy tools had no effects on the sleep quality of shift workers.Light therapy meeting the following conditions:light intensity within the scope of 2 000～10 000 lx,time of illumination during the day or the night,duration of light more than 30 min,frequency of illumination more than 1 week,can have significant effects on sleep quality of shift workers.Further studies should explore the optimal light intensity,the optimal time of illumination,frequency of illuminationfor stable effects,and observation of long-term effects of sleep quality.

Assessing Sleep-Wake Pattern and Chronotype with the Korean Munich ChronoType for Shift-Workers in Shift Working Nurses

OBJECTIVES: To investigate sleep-wake patterns and chronotype in rapidly rotating shift nurses (SRN). METHODS: We translated and back-translated the Korean Munich ChronoType for Shift-Workers (K-MCTQ(shift)) with original authors' permission. In this study, 353 full-time, SRN (age 28.7±3.95 years 341 females, mean shift–working duration=5 years 9 months) at one university hospital completed the K-MCTQ(shift) and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Time in bed, sleep duration, and mid-sleep time (sleep onset time+1/2 sleep duration) were evaluated on work days and free days. Social jet lag was computed for each shift. Chronotype was assessed based on the mid-sleep time on free days corrected for sleep debt accumulated over the workweek (MSF(SC)). RESULTS: Sleep duration on workdays were 5.2 hours (day shift, D), 7.7 hours (evening shift, E), and 5.7 hours (night shift, N), respectively. Alarm clock usage on workdays was the highest in day-shifts (92.4%). The chronotype of 166 SRN who did not use alarm on free days was 6:09 h. Social jet lag was the longest in day-shifts (3.3 hours), and the shortest in evening-shifts (0.3 hour). Mid-sleep after the evening-shift (MSW(E), MSF(E), MSF(E)(SC)) showed significant correlations with MEQ scores. CONCLUSIONS: The Korean MCTQ(shift) provides actual sleep-wake patterns per shift schedule and chronotype in shift workers. We suggest that the sleep-corrected version of mid-sleep on free days after evening shifts (MSF(E)(SC)) is suitable for assessing chronotype in shift workers.

Impactos do trabalho em turnos na qualidade do sono e atenção sustentada de operadores paineleiros de uma empresa petroquímica / Impact of shift work on sleep quality and sustained attention of panel operators in the petrochemical company

Este trabalho se propõe a analisar os efeitos do trabalho em turnos na qualidade de sono e na atenção sustentada de trabalhadores em turnos alternantes. Dados referentes a este esquema de trabalho, em ambiente operacional real, ainda são escassos na literatura. O recorte amostral constitui-se de 21 trabalhadores, subdivididos em 10 participantes alocados no turno diurno e 11 no turno noturno. Utilizou-se o Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pitt Sburgh (IQSP), o diário do sono e o Teste de Vigilância Psicomotora (PVT). A qualidade do sono foi pior no turno noturno do que no diurno. A atenção sofreu oscilação no desempenho, em função da hora do dia, da idade e dos anos de trabalho em esquema de turnos alternantes, para os dois turnos. O pior desempenho na atenção foi associado com o sono de curta duração no trabalho durante o turno noturno. Sugere-se que o trabalho noturno cause mais prejuízos ao sono dos trabalhadores e que a privação do sono pode afetar o desempenho cognitivo de funções como a atenção sustentada

This work aims to analyze the effects of shift work on sleep quality and sustained attention of workers on shift rotation. Data relating to this shift work, in a real operational environment, are still scarce in the literature. The sample cut is made up of 21 workers, subdivided into 10 participants allocated to the day shift and 11 workers on night shift . The Pitt sburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Sleep Diary and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT)were used. Sleep quality was worse on the night shift than day shift . Attention showed variation in performance, depending the ti me of day, age and years of work in shift rotation for the two shifts. The worst attention performance was associated with short sleep duration the night shift . It is suggested that the night work causes more harmto the workers' sleep and that sleep deprivation may affect cognitive performance of functions such as sustained attention

Estudo do cronótipo de um grupo de trabalhadores em turnos / Study of a group of shift workers' chronotype

Neste estudo, os objetivos foram descrever as características de matutinidade/vespertinidade de um grupo de trabalhadores em turnos de uma indústria química e identificar possíveis associações entre cronótipo e turno de trabalho. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma indústria química do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os trabalhadores lotados nesta seção eram distribuídos em dois turnos: matutino e vespertino. A amostra constituiu-se de 44 trabalhadores, dos sexos feminino e masculino, que trabalhavam em ambos os turnos. Os dados foram coletados com a versão brasileira do questionário de identificação de indivíduos matutinos e vespertinos que foi elaborado por Horne & Östberg (1976). Foi verificado o predomínio do cronótipo "moderadamente matutino" - MM (n = 21 ou 47,73%) -, seguido pelo tipo "Indiferente" - IN (n = 12 ou 27,27%) - e pelo tipo "definitivamente matutino" - DM (n = 10 ou 22,73%). Somente um indivíduo foi classificado como "definitivamente vespertino" - DV (2,27%). Entre os trabalhadores estudados houve predomínio do cronótipo "moderadamente matutino" seguido do tipo "indiferente" e do tipo "definitivamente matutino". Não foram verificadas associações estatisticamente significativas entre o cronótipo e as características individuais neste estudo.

This study aimed not only at describing the typical morning or night features of a group of shift workers in a chemical industry, but also at identifying possible links between work shifts and chronotype. This study was held in a two-shift-chemical industry located in the interior of São Paulo. The subjects of our research were the 44 men and women working there either in the morning or at night. The data was collected through the Brazilian version of the Horne & Östberg chronotypes identification questionnaire. The "moderately morning" chronotype was predominant - MM (47,73%), followed by the "indifferent" - IN (27,27%) and by the "definitely morning" - DM (22,73%). Only one of them could be considered a "definitely night" - DN (2,27%). The workers under study were predominantly classified as "moderately morning" followed by the "indifferent" and by the "definitely morning" chronotypes. No statistically relevant relationship was found between the chronotype and individual characteristics.

Daytime Sleepiness and Fatigue in Male Adults in relation to Shift Work / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine daytime sleepiness-related factors, including sleeping patterns and daytime activities, in shift and non-shift workers. METHODS: One hundred and twenty two shift workers, and two hundred and fifty four non-shift workers, were selected and identified in terms of their general characteristics, such as age, tenure, educational level, marital status and religion. Screening questionnaires were composed of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for evaluation of daytime sleepiness, the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) for fatigue, and the Korean version of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for sleeping patterns. RESULTS: The shift worker group reported significantly higher rates of sleep disturbance and higher fatigue scores compared with the non-shift workers (all p<0.01). The prevalence of daytime sleepiness was higher in the shift workers (19.7%) than the non-shift workers (10.6%) (p<0.05). The significant daytime sleepiness-related factors were found to be shift work, tenure and difficulties in falling back to sleep once woken (p<0.05). Shift work was proved to be an important factor in workers aged less than 40 years (p<0.05). However, this association was not evident in workers aged 40 years and over. CONCLUSIONS: The shift workers showed a significantly higher prevalence of daytime sleepiness compared with the non-shift workers. The present study suggests a need for the implementation of sleeping and fatigue management programs for shift workers in order to improve working efficiency and control safety accidents during shift work.

Effects of Health on Shift-Work: General and Psychological health, Sleep, Stress, Quality of life / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the effects of shift-work, in terms of general health concepts, insomnia, stress, quality of life and psychological health, at several manufacturing plants. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to 850 shift-workers (study group), and to 550 non-shift workers (as a control group). The questionnaires included questions on ; general health concepts, insomnia, stress, quality of life and psychological health. 455 shift-workers and 372 non-shift workers completed the questionnaires, and the factors influencing the health status and quality of life in workers estimated by multiple iogistic regression analysis. RESULTS: From the general health questionnaires, the mental health and health perception were significantly different between the shift and non-shift workers, with the better being former than the latter (p<0.05). Shift-workers complained of more insomnia when adjusted for age, working period, education and job satisfaction. Greater job satisfaction, was coupled with less complaints of insomnia (p<0.05). There were 200(43.96 %) shift workers classified as insomniac, whereas with the non-shift workers this figure was 84 (25.15 %), showing a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Shift-workers were more stressed than the non-shift workers in their daily lives, which also showed significant difference (p<0.05). Less job satisfaction, was coupled with more complaints of stress (p<0.05). The quality of life of the shift-workers was lower than that of the nonshift workers (p<0.05). With the shift-workers complaining of more anxiety than the nonshift workers (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that shift-workers suffer from physical and psychological distresses, sleep problems and stress than non-shift workers. Furthermore, it is presumed that these factors might negatively affect the quality of life of shift-workers. Accordingly, interventional methods for shift-worker's health and quality of life as a result of adverse effects of shift-work are needed.

Pattern of shift rota modulates oral temperature circadian rhythm and sleep-wakefulness profiles in shift workers.

Twenty four shift workers (8 from a steel industry and 16 from a Government hospital) participated in the study. The subjects were instructed to self-measure oral temperature, 4 6 times a day for about three weeks. Sleep quantity and quality for each subject were analysed with the help of an appropriate inventory. The data were analysed by cosinor and power spectrum methods. The frequency of circadian rhythm detection was in the order of 48% in senior nurses, 29% in steel plant workers and 14% in junior nurses. These were also complemented by the results of power spectrum analysis. Present results suggest that rhythms of subjective fatigue and subjective drowsiness are governed neither by oral temperature oscillator nor by the sleep/wake cycle oscillator. The results show that shift rotation pattern chiefly modulates the circadian time structure of shift workers. It is also suggested that the phenomenon of circadian rhythm desynchronization in oral temperature appears to be independent of per day total sleep length.

Health Assessment of Shift Workers in a Automobile Manufacturing Plant / 예방의학회지

An investigation on psychophysiological health and social well-being of shift workers been carried out on workers of a automobile manufacturing plant in Ulsan. for 1 month from April, 1993. This cross-sectional survey compared shift workers(n=544) with day workers(n=l15). Each subject completed a questionnaire about his personal habit background. shift schedule. sleep and eating patterns. subjective digestive symptom and psychological well-being and distress using the General Well-Being schedule(GWB) by self administrated questionnaire that was developed for the U. S. Health and Nutrition Examination surveys (HANES I). chi-square analysis was used for discontinuous data and the t-test was used for continous data to determine whether differences noted between the two groups. In terms of sleep quality, a greater percentage of shift workers frequently had trouble getting back to sleep once awakend(p<0.01) and a greater percentage of shift workers awakend tired or sleepy frequently more often than day workers(p<0.05). In rating the quality of their sleep, more shift workers rated their sleep fair to poor than day workers, and greater percentage of shift workers felt tired or sleepy at work two or more times per week(p<0.01) and a much higher percentage of shift workers felt tired or sleepy after work every days(p<0.01). In terms of sleep patterns, a much higher percentage of day workers reported uninterrupted sleep per 24hours than shift workers. The shift workers reported different eating patterns from day workers but there were no statistically significant and rate of their appetite. Thirteen percent of day workers reported the best appetite but only 6.6% of shift workers had the best appetite. The gastric complaints is more frequent in shift workers than day workers(p<0.01). Among subscores in General Well-Being Schedule, anxiety, depression, positive well-being and vitality subscale of shift workers were lower than those of day workers(p<0.05) and general health and self control subscale of shift workers were lower than those of day workers but there were no statistical significant difference. Based on these study result, it could be concluded that the shift work has significant effects on some psychophysiological conditions of the workers.