Influence of the Pre-shock State on the Prognosis of Medical Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of the pre-shock state on the mortality of patients with sepsis.@*METHODS@#We enrolled patients with sepsis admitted to the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. These patients were then classified into three groups: sepsis, pre-shock state, and septic shock. The primary outcome was the 28-day mortality rate. The secondary outcomes were the 90-day, 180-day, and 1-year mortality rates.@*RESULTS@#A total of 303 patients (groups: sepsis 135 [44.6%]), pre-shock state (93 [30.7%]), and septic shock (75 [24.8%]) completed the 1-year follow-up. The mortality rates at 28 days, 90 days, and 180 days and 1 year were significantly higher in the pre-shock state group than those of the sepsis group, but significantly lower than those in the septic shock group, especially among older patients. When compared with the pre-shock state group, the sepsis group had significantly lower mortality risks at 28 days, 90 days, and 180 days and 1 year, whereas the sepsis shock group had higher mortality risks at these time points.@*CONCLUSION@#The mortality rates of patients in the pre-shock state were notably different from those of patients with sepsis or septic shock. The introduction of a modified sepsis severity classification, which includes sepsis, pre-shock state, and septic shock, could offer valuable additional prognostic information.

Drogas vasopressoras nos estados choque: qual é a melhor opção? / Vasopressors drugs in the shock state: which is the best option?

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Apesar da terapia com fármacos vasopressores ser usada há décadas, poucos ensaios clínicos comparam os diferentes tipos utilizados nos diferentes tipos de choque. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever os principais estudos publicados, nas ultimas décadas, para orientação quanto à escolha da melhor droga vasopressora nos diferentes estados de choque. CONTEÚDO: Foram selecionados artigos na base de dados MedLine (1950-2008), por meio das palavras-chave: drogas vasoativas, drogas vasopressoras e choque. Adicionalmente, referências desses artigos, capítulos de livros e artigos históricos foram avaliados para esta revisão. Foram identificados e revisados 160 artigos. Foram considerados ensaios clínicos da língua inglesa, estudos retrospectivos e artigos de revisão. Os artigos foram avaliados por análise de método e determinação de limitações de desenho. Por não se tratar de uma metanálise, mas sim de uma revisão descritiva, serão apresentadas as conclusões mais relevantes dos principais estudos e metanálises encontrados nessa revisão, sem a interferência direta da análise pessoal dos autores deste estudo. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de drogas vasopressoras nos estados de choque permanece controverso. A escolha de uma droga específica para determinado tipo de choque permanece aberta. Existem várias drogas vasopressoras que podem ser utilizadas, inclusive em combinação na terapêutica dos pacientes em estado de choque. Estudos clínicos aleatórios têm sido realizados na tentativa de aperfeiçoar a evidência do uso de drogas vasoativas. Esta permanece ainda uma questão sem sólidas e robustas respostas baseadas em evidências. Descritores: drogas vasopressoras, estado de choque.(AU)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite treatment with drugs vasopressors are used for decades, few clinical trials comparing the different types and drugs used in different types of shock. This study aimed at reviewing the major articles published, in recent decades, for guidance on choosing the best vasopressor drugs in different state of shock. CONTENTS: Were selected articles in the database Med- Line (1950-2008), using the keywords: vasoactive drugs, drugs vasopressors and shock. Additionally, references of these articles, chapters of books and historical articles were evaluated for this review. Were identified and reviewed 160 articles. We considered clinical trials of English, retrospective studies and reviews. The articles were evaluated by analysis of method and determination of limitations of design. It is not a meta-analysis, but a descriptive review, will be presenting the findings most relevant of the major studies and meta from this review, without the interference of direct personal analysis of the authors of this study. CONCLUSION: The use of drugs vasopressors in the states of shock remains controversial. The choice of a drug specifically for a particular type of shock remains open. There are several drugs vasopressors that can be used, even in combination in therapeutic for patients in shock. Randomized clinical trials have been conducted in an attempt to optimize the evidence of the use of vasoactive drugs. This still remains an issue without solid and robust response based on evidence.(AU)