Identidade e lugares de memória no Museu da Imigração Pomerana / Identity and sites of memory in the Museum of the Pomeranian Immigration / Identidad y lugares de memoria en el Museo de la Inmigración Pomerana

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o Museu da Imigração Pomerana de Santa Maria de Jetibá - em seu papel de guardião da história de um povo, testemunhando o passado e se transformando em princípio de ação do presente para o futuro - como lugar de memória e esquecimento de dinâmicas racistas e étnico-raciais, desde eixo analítico fundamentado em Pierre Nora e seu conceito de Lugares de Memória. Os resultados evidenciaram memórias do grupo pomerano que se fazem presentes como elementos de preservação identitária, e também esquecimentos, como o da questão do negro e do racismo, estritamente vinculados à imigração pomerana por conta do projeto de branqueamento e das políticas de imigração de fins do século XIX e princípios do XX

This paper aims at analyzing Santa Maria de Jetibá's Museum of Pomeranian Immigration - in its role as guardian of a people's history, witnessing the past and rendering itself a future-oriented action principle - as a site of memory and forgetfulness of racist and ethnical-racial dynamics. We ground our investigation upon Pierre Nora studies, and particularly upon his concept of sites of memory. Results shed light on Pomeranian memories which act as elements of identity preservation, as well as forgotten aspects, such as the issue of black people and racism, closely linked to the Pomeranian immigration related to the whitening project and to immigration policies established in the end of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th centuries

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el Museo de la Inmigración Pomerana de Santa María de Jetibá - considerando su papel de guardián de la historia de un pueblo, testimoniando el pasado y transformándose en principio de acción del presente para el futuro - como lugar de memoria y olvido de dinámicas racistas y étnico-raciales, desde el eje analítico fundamentado en Pierre Nora y su concepto de Lugares de Memoria. Los resultados evidenciaron memorias del grupo pomerano que se hacen presentes como elementos de preservación identitaria, y también olvidos, como el de la cuestión del negro y del racismo, estrictamente vinculados a la inmigración pomerana en virtud del proyecto de blanqueamiento y de las políticas de inmigración de fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX

Sebastian Kneipp and the Natural Cure Movement of Germany: Between Naturalism and Modern Medicine / 의사학

This study discusses the historical significance of the Natural Cure Movement of Germany, centering on the Kneipp Cure, a form of hydrotherapy practiced by Father Sebastian Kneipp (1821-1897). The Kneipp Cure rested on five main tenets: hydrotherapy, exercise, nutrition, herbalism, and the balance of mind and body. This study illuminates the reception of the Kneipp Cure in the context of the trilateral relationship among the Kneipp Cure, the Natural Cure Movement in general, and modern medicine. The Natural Cure Movement was ideologically based on naturalism, criticizing industrialization and urbanization. There existed various theories and methods in it, yet they shared holism and vitalism as common factors. The Natural Cure Movement of Germany began in the early 19th century. During the late 19th century and the early 20th century, it became merged in the Lebensreformbewegung (life reform movement) which campaigned for temperance, anti-tobacco, and anti-vaccination. The core of the Natural Cure Movement was to advocate the world view that nature should be respected and to recognize the natural healing powers of sunlight, air, water, etc. Among varied natural therapies, hydrotherapy spread out through the activities of some medical doctors and amateur healers such as Johann Siegmund Hahn and Vincenz Prieβnitz. Later, the supporters of hydrotherapy gathered together under the German Society of Naturopathy. Sebastian Kneipp, one of the forefathers of hydrotherapy, is distinguished from other proponents of natural therapies in two aspects. First, he did not refuse to employ vaccination and medication. Second, he sought to be recognized by the medical world through cooperating with medical doctors who supported his treatment. As a result, the Kneipp cure was able to be gradually accepted into the medical world despite the “quackery” controversy between modern medicine and the Natural Cure Movement. Nowadays, the name of Sebastian Kneipp remains deeply engraved on the memories of German people through various Kneipp spa products, as well as his books such as My Water Cure and Thus Shalt Thou Live! Wörishofen, where Kneipp had served as catholic priest as well as hydrotherapist for 42 years from 1855, changed its name to “Bad Wörishofen” (“Wörishofen Spa” in German). The Kneipp Cure and the Natural Cure Movement became a source of ecologica l thought which is currently gaining more and more sympathy from German people. It is regarded as a lieu de mémoire (site of memory) reflecting the collective identity of German people.