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AIM: To explore a more convenient and accurate method for evaluating the anterior chamber angle width based on the Van Herick method.METHODS:A total of 58 patients(69 eyes)with age-related cataract who visited our hospital between January and December 2021 were included. They were divided into the chamber angle width ≥1/2 corneal thickness(CT)group(44 eyes of 37 cases)and <1/2CT group(25 eyes of 21 cases)according to the Van Herick method. The central anterior chamber depths and the peripheral anterior chamber angle degrees were measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in central anterior chamber depth between the two groups(2.64±0.27 mm vs. 2.23±0.29 mm, P<0.01), and the differences of chamber angle degrees of quadrants of superior, temporal, inferior and nasal compared between two groups were all statistically significant(P<0.01). The difference of chamber angle degrees of quadrants of superior and inferior in chamber angle width ≥1/2CT group was not statistically significant(P>0.05), while the differences of chamber angle degrees of other quadrants were all statistically significant(P<0.05). The differences of chamber angle degrees of quadrants of superior and nasal, temporal and the chamber angle degrees of quadrants of inferior and temporal were all statistically significant in chamber angle width <1/2CT group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: In the overall evaluation of the anterior chamber angle, it would be more simple, fast and accurate when evaluating the temporal chamber angle width and inferior quadrant of chamber angle width by using the Van Herick method under silt lamp.
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The incidence of diabetes is rising globally with Qatar being ranked as the 3rd highest country for the prevalence of diabetes in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of sight-threatening complications of diabetes. Significant advances in screening and treatment for DR have emerged in the last few decades with a strong impact on the accuracy and effectiveness of screening. DR being a preventable cause of blindness with early detection and interventions like laser photocoagulation and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments makes it imperative to invest in early recognition and treatment for DR. Globally screening is done by direct/indirect ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography with huge variations in early diagnosis. Studies have revealed the superiority of three-field retinal photography when compared to direct ophthalmoscopy, for DR screening, even if performed by an experienced ophthalmologist. The two most sensitive means of detection at present are digital retinal imaging and slit lamp examination post mydriasis. Both modalities require assessment by trained personnel. Digital retinal photography is extremely quick, allows the creation of permanent records and with the advent of semiautomatic nonmydriatic cameras, requires less skill as compared to the use of a slit lamp. Hence, should digital retinal photography be a preferred standardised method for retinal screening in Qatar?
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Purpose: To compare the slit?lamp method and wavefront aberrometry method based on outcomes of toric realignment surgeries. Settings: Tertiary care ophthalmic hospital. Design: Retrospective study. Methods: This study included all eyes undergoing toric intraocular lens (TIOL) realignment surgery between January 2019 and December 2021 for which TIOL axis assessment by slit?lamp method and wavefront aberrometry method was available. Data were retrieved from electronic medical records, and we documented demographics, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), subjective refraction, and TIOL axis by slit?lamp and wavefront aberrometry methods on postoperative day 1 and day 14. In patients with misalignment, TIOL was realigned to the original position in group 1 (27 patients) and to an axis based on calculations provided by wavefront aberrometer in group 2 (25 patients). Post?realignment surgery, UCVA, subjective refraction, and TIOL axis by slit?lamp and wavefront aberrometry methods were assessed and analyzed. Results: We analyzed 52 eyes and found that the mean preoperative misalignment with the slit?lamp method (44.9° ±20.0°) and wavefront aberrometry (47.1° ±19.5°) was similar. The corresponding degrees of misalignment post?TIOL repositioning surgeries were 5.2° ±5.2° (slit?lamp method) and 4.7° ±5.1° (wavefront aberrometry) (P = 0.615). Both groups showed significant improvement in median log of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) UCVA and reduction in median refractive cylinder. Conclusions: Slit?lamp method is as good as wavefront aberrometer method to assess TIOL axis. Toric realignment surgery is found to be safe, and realigning TIOL based on either slit?lamp method or wavefront aberrometer method equally improved UCVA and decreased residual refractive cylinder.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to use computational models for simulating the movement of respiratory droplets when assessing the efficacy of standard slit-lamp shield versus a new shield designed for increased clinician comfort as well as adequate protection. Methods: Simulations were performed using the commercial software Star-CCM+. Respiratory droplets were assumed to be 100% water in volume fraction with particle diameter distribution represented by a geometric mean of 74.4 (±1.5 standard deviation) μm over a 4-min duration. The total mass of respiratory droplets expelled from patients' mouths and droplet accumulation on the manikin were measured under the following three conditions: with no slit-lamp shield, using the standard slit-lamp shield, and using our new proposed shield. Results: The total accumulated water droplet mass (kilogram) and percentage of expelled mass accumulated on the shield under the three aforementioned conditions were as follows: 5.84e-10 kg (28% of the total weight of particle emitted that settled on the manikin), 9.14e-13 kg (0.045%), and 3.19e-13 (0.015%), respectively. The standard shield could shield off 99.83% of the particles that would otherwise be deposited on the manikin, which is comparable to 99.95% for the proposed design. Conclusion: Slit-lamp shields are effective infection control tools against respiratory droplets. The proposed shield showed comparable effectiveness compared with conventional slit-lamp shields, but with potentially enhanced ergonomics for ophthalmologists during slit-lamp examinations.
RESUMO Introdução: Os oftalmologistas têm alto risco de contrair a doença do Coronavírus-19 devido à proximidade com os pacientes durante os exames com lâmpada de fenda. Usamos um modelo de computação para avaliar a eficácia das proteções para lâmpadas de fenda e propusemos uma nova proteção ergonomicamente projetada. Métodos: As simulações foram realizadas no software comercial Star-CCM +. Os aerossóis de gotículas foram considerados 100% de água em fração de volume com distribuição de diâmetro de partícula representada por uma média geométrica de 74,4 ± 1,5 (desvio padrão) μm ao longo de uma duração de quatro minutos. A massa total de gotículas de água acumulada no manequim e a massa expelida pela boca do paciente foram medidas em três condições diferentes: 1) Sem protetor de lâmpada de fenda, 2) com protetor padrão, 3) Com o novo protetor proposto. Resultados: A massa total acumulada das gotas de água (kg) e a porcentagem da massa expelida acumulada no escudo para cada uma das respectivas condições foram; 1) 5,84e-10 kg (28% do peso total da partícula emitida que assentou no manequim), 2) 9,14e-13 kg (0,045%), 3,19e-13 (0,015%). O escudo padrão foi capaz de proteger 99,83% das partículas que, de outra forma, teriam se depositado no manequim, o que é semelhante a 99,95% para o projeto proposto. Conclusão: Protetores com lâmpada de fenda são ferramentas eficazes de controle de infecção contra gotículas respiratórias. O protetor proposto mostrou eficácia comparável em comparação com os protetores de lâmpada de fenda convencionais, mas potencialmente oferece uma melhor ergonomia para oftalmologistas durante o exame de lâmpada de fenda.
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Purpose: Diseases affecting the cornea are a major cause of corneal blindness globally. The pressing issue we are facing today is the lack of diagnostic devices in rural areas to diagnose these conditions. The aim of the study is to establish sensitivity and accuracy of smartphone photography using a smart eye camera (SEC) in ophthalmologic community outreach programs. Methods: In this pilot study, a prospective non?randomized comparative analysis of inter?observer variability of anterior segment imaging recorded using an SEC was performed. Consecutive 100 patients with corneal pathologies, who visited the cornea specialty outpatient clinic, were enrolled. They were examined with a conventional non?portable slit lamp by a cornea consultant, and the diagnoses were recorded. This was compared with the diagnoses made by two other consultants based on SEC videos of the anterior segment of the same 100 patients. The accuracy of SEC was accessed using sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV. Kappa statistics was used to find the agreement between two consultants by using STATA 17.0 (Texas, USA). Results: There was agreement between the two consultants to diagnosing by using SEC. Above 90% agreements were found in all the diagnoses, which were statistically significant (P?value < 0.001). More than 90% sensitivity and a negative predictive value were found. Conclusion: SEC can be used successfully in the community outreach programs like field visits, eye camps, teleophthalmology, and community centers, where either a clinical setup is lacking or ophthalmologists are not available.
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Fundus photography is an arduous task as it involves using 90 D in one hand and a smartphone attached on an eyepiece of a slit-lamp biomicroscope in the other hand. Similarly, with a 20 D lens, the filming distance is adjusted by moving the lens or mobile forward or backward, which makes it difficult to adjust and focus the image in busy ophthalmology outpatient departments (OPDs). Moreover, fundus camera costs thousands of dollars. Authors describe a novel technique of performing fundus photography with a 20 D lens and a universal slit-lamp–mounted mobile adapter made from trash. By the use of this simple, yet frugal innovation, primary care physicians or ophthalmologists without a fundus camera can easily snap a fundus photo and subject it to digital analysis by retina specialists across the world. This will help in simultaneous ocular examination and fundus photos taken via mounted 20 D on a slit lamp itself and also reduce the need for unnecessary retina referrals to tertiary eye care centers.
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Background: Toric Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are supposed to be aligned at a particular axis for spectacle?free vision for distance. The evolution of topographers and optical biometers has made it quite achievable for us to aim the target. However, the result sometimes remains unpredictable. A big aspect of this depends on the preop axis marking for toric IOL alignment. Errors in axis marking have been reduced recently with the array of different toric markers in the market, but still we see postoperative refractive surprises due to faulty marking. Purpose: In this video, we present a novel slit lamp–based toric marker innovation, STORM, which gives us a hands?free approach to a reliable and accurate axis marking on the cornea. The axis marker is a simple modification to our age?old marker, with the advantage of no touch and slit?lamp assistance, which will make it error free and easy to use. Synopsis: The present innovation answers the problem statement of stable, economical, and accurate marking solution. Many a times, hand?holding devices create inaccurate and stressed condition while marking the cornea before corneal surgery. Highlights: The invention can be used for marking of accurate and easy astigmatic axis of a toric IOL preoperatively, that is, before the surgery. If the appropriate device is used to mark the cornea, it would impact the outcome of surgery. This device also makes the patient and the surgeon comfortable to mark the cornea with accuracy and without hesitation
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Purpose: The current study was aimed at assessment of optic disk by disk damage likelihood scale (DDLS) staging using slit?lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diagnosing primary open?angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Methods: This was a cross?sectional observational study of 106 POAG patients, which was conducted from April 2017 to April 2018. All patients underwent slit?lamp fundoscopy with a +78 D lens and high?definition (HD)?OCT, and the vertical cup disk ratios (VCDRs) were recorded. Disk size and neuroretinal rim assessment were done, and the disk was then staged using the recent version, which stages the optic nerve head (ONH) from 1 to 10 as read from the DDLS nomogram table. DDLS scores >5 indicate glaucomatous damage. Pearson coefficient was used to correlate the DDLS staging by slit?lamp biomicroscopy with best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), disk size, and VCDR and VCDR, mean deviation, and DDLS staging by HD?OCT. Results: The mean age of the patients was 59.54 ± 6.61 years. The male: female ratio was 2:1. The mean IOP was 16.04 ± 1.97 mmHg, and BCVA was 0.72 ± 0.13 LogMAR units. The mean VCDR on 78 D slit?lamp biomicroscopy was 0.76 ± 0.09 (standard deviation [SD]) (range 0.1–0.77), whereas on HD?OCT, the mean VCDR was 0.81 ± 0.09 (SD) (range 0.07–0.81). The mean deviation on visual field testing in decibels was ?14.43 ± 3.31 (SD). The correlation coefficient between DDLS staging by slit?lamp biomicroscopy and DDLS staging by HD?OCT parameters was r = 0.96. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the DDLS system of optic disk evaluation on slit?lamp biomicroscopy and most of the HD?OCT evaluation parameters
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Aims: Image-guided systems are the gold standard for determining toric intraocular lens (IOL) axis alignment. However, their high cost prevents widespread use of these systems. As an alternative, a simpler and affordable method could be performed manually using a slit-lamp biomicroscope. This study aims to compare the accuracy of manual toric IOL axis marking using a slit-lamp compared to the CALLISTO eye image-guided system.Study Design: Prospective comparativeMethods: In this prospective study, toric IOL axis alignment of 42 eyes with cataract and coexisting corneal astigmatism were evaluated using manual slitlamp method and CALLISTO eye image-guided method. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, amount of spherical and astigmatic refractive errors, and postoperative IOL axis alignment were evaluated. Intraclass correlation of the manual method was calculated and the difference of IOL axis alignment to the image-guided method was compared.Results: Toric IOL implantation reduced the amount of astigmatic refractive error from -1.63 � 0.65 D to -0.50 � 0.19 D in the image-guided group and from -1.93 � -0.90 D to -0.87 � 0.26 D in the manual slitlamp group. As many as 90.5% of eyes in the image-guided group and 81.0% of eyes in the manual slitlamp group reached the target induced astigmatism (p=0.38). Manual axis marking showed intraclass correlation of 99.3%. However, when the manual method was compared to the image-guided method a mean difference in axis alignment of 10.98o (95% confidence interval: 9.32o - 12.63o) was observed.Conclusions: Alignment of toric IOL axis using the manual method demonstrated a consistent result; yet producing a considerable difference to the result of the image-guided method.
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ABSTRACT Here, we describe the result of a Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty for acute corneal hydrops in a 45-year-old female with keratoconus, who presented with severe visual loss in her OS. The patient's best-corrected visual acuity was 20/80 in the right eye and hand motion in the OS. Slit-lamp examination revealed an extensive tear of the Descemet's membrane and stromal corneal edema in the OS. We opted for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Twelve months postoperatively, the patient had a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50 in the OS.
RESUMO Trata-se de uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 45 anos, portadora de ceratocone, submetida a uma ceratoplastia endotelial com membrana Descemet após apresentar um quadro de perda de visão severa devido a uma hidrópsia corneana aguda no olho esquerdo. Inicialmente, a acuidade visual corrigida da paciente era de 20/80 no olho direito e de movimento de mãos no olho esquerdo. Após exame de biomicroscopia que detectou uma extensa rotura da membrana de Descemet e edema estromal, optamos por tratar esse caso com o ceratoplastia endotelial com membrana Descemet. Doze meses após o procedimento cirúrgico, percebeu-se uma melhora do edema corneano, não havia sinais de rejeição do botão óptico e a acuidade visual corrigida da paciente era de 20/50 no olho afetado.
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Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Edema Corneal , Trasplante de Córnea , Lámina Limitante Posterior , Queratoplastia Endotelial de la Lámina Limitante Posterior , Endotelio Corneal , Agudeza Visual , Edema Corneal/cirugía , Edema Corneal/etiología , Lámina Limitante Posterior/cirugía , EdemaRESUMEN
Purpose: To assess the role of Scheimpflug imaging in improving the accuracy of reference marking for toric IOL implantation. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, clinical trial all patients with cataract and pre-existing significant regular corneal astigmatism, who required implantation of a toric IOL were included in the study, and patients with any ocular pathology or abnormality were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups: For one group of patients, Group I (GI), reference marking was finalized using slit lamp only, and for the second group, Group II (GII), after slit lamp marking, the reference marks were checked using Goniometer of Scheimpflug imaging. The primary outcome was to determine the axis of toric intraocular lens (IOL) postoperatively (within 1 hour) and compare it with the desired axis of placement. Results: We found a statistically significant difference in the two groups (P < 0.001) suggesting Group II (4 step technique) is better than Group I (3 step technique). Conclusion: Scheimpflug imaging, an extra step preoperatively, is an effective measure to reduce errors in reference marking and thereby improving the refractive outcome of toric intraocular lens.
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@#AIM: To verify the accuracy of Van Herick method and slit-lamp anterior chamber depth examination in estimating angle closure. <p>METHODS: Totally 52 patients(100 eyes)over 40 years old were randomly selected from our outpatient department from June 2018 to January 2019.Their anterior chamber depth were examined by the methods of Van Herick method and the improved method to sort out peripheral anterior chamber depth are less than or equal to 1/3 CT and more than 1/4 CT and peripheral anterior chamber depth are less than or equal to 1/4 CT. Van Herick's anterior chamber depth inspection method and improved anterior chamber depth inspection method were checked for consistency, and then gonioscopic inspection and UBM inspection under darkroom were performed to check whether the peripheral angle was closed. In order to know whether there was any difference between gonioscopic and UBM inspection for angle closure, the consistency of the two verification results was checked. <p>RESULTS: Peripheral anterior chamber depth are less than or equal to 1/3 CT and more than 1/4 CT by the methods of Van Herick, the positive incidence of angle closure in angioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy are 39% and 43% respectively, Peripheral anterior chamber depth are less than or equal to 1/3 CT and more than 1/4 CT by the improved methods, the positive incidence of angle closure in angioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopyare 46% and 42% respectively. In the patients whose peripheral anterior chamber depth checked by angioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy is less than or equal to 1/4 CT estimated by Van Herick method, the positive rate of angle closure was 67% and 89%, respectively. In the patients whose peripheral anterior chamber depth checked by angioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy is less than or equal to 1/4 CT estimated by the improved method, the positive rate of angle closure was 67% and 89%, respectively. The consistency test of the Van Herick method and the improved method showed good consistency(Kappa value: 0.85), when peripheral anterior chamber depth are less than or equal to 1/3 CT and more than 1/4 CT. peripheral anterior chamber depth(>1/4 CT), and good consistency(Kappa value: 0.83)when estimating peripheral anterior chamber depth ≤1/4 CT. According to the consistency test of the results of angioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy, when the Van Herick method estimated the depth of peripheral anterior chamber are less than or equal to 1/3 CT and more than 1/4 CT, the consistency was general(Kappa value: 0.73). When the Van Herick method estimated the depth of peripheral anterior chamber is less than or equal to 1/4 CT, the consistency was general(Kappa value: 0.40). According to the consistency test of the results of angioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy, when the improved method estimated the depth of peripheral anterior chamber are less than or equal to 1/3 CT and more than 1/4 CT, the consistency was good(Kappa value: 0.75). When the improved method estimated the depth of peripheral anterior chamber is less than or equal to 1/4 CT, the consistency was poor(Kappa value: 0). <p>CONCLUSION: The slit lamp anterior chamber depth examination has a certain false negative rate in estimating the angle closure in the population, but its accuracy is high, and it is still suitable for the preliminary examination of estimating the angle closure.
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Quality assurance (QA) is the maintenance of a desired level of quality in a service, by means of attention to every stage of process of delivery. Correct image acquisition along with accurate and reproducible quantification of ophthalmic imaging is crucial for evaluating disease progression/stabilization, response to therapy, and planning proper management of these cases. QA includes development of standard operating procedures for the collection of data for ophthalmic imaging, proper functioning of the ophthalmic imaging equipment, and intensive training of technicians/doctors for the same. QA can be obtained during ophthalmic imaging by not only calibration and setting up of the instrument as per the manufacturer's specifications but also giving proper instructions to the patients in a language which they understand and by acquisition of good quality images. This review article will highlight on how to achieve QA in imaging which is commonly being used in ophthalmic practice.
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@#AIM: To describe the application of image acquisition function of smart phone with slit lamp examination in the ophthalmology residency training program.<p>METHODS: The supporting set for smart phone can be securely connected to the ocular lens of slit lamp microscopy. The anterior or fundus photos and dynamic videos were obtained through slit lamp examination with non-contact lens, three-mirror lens or gonio lens. Acquired images or recorded videos were transmitted to ophthalmology trainee by using wireless local area network(WLAN), WeChat and other software.<p>RESULTS: High quality images and dynamic video could be successfully taken with smart phone and supporting set by slit lamp examination, which could clearly display tissue details and pathological features. The fast transmission of image data can enable more trainees to access clinic education resource simultaneously and communicate with each other timely and effectively.<p>CONCLUSION: High resolution smart phones are wildly used and supporting sets are very accessible; thus high quality of images could be easily obtained for clinical teaching purpose. Furthermore, it enriches the clinical teaching resources. So the application of image acquisition function of smart phone with slit lamp examination is worthy in the standardized training of ophthalmology residents.
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@#AIM: To compare the ability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)and slit lamp biomicroscopy to detect anterior segment findings in patients with closed globe injury.<p>METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional study. Sixteen patients with a closed globe injury were consecutively recruited from January 2010 to July 2015 in Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including assessment of visual acuity, measurement of intraocular pressure using a noncontact tonometry, and slit lamp biomicroscopy. SD-OCT was used to examine the anterior segments of all injured eyes. Two patients had bilateral ocular injuries and received bilateral SD-OCT examinations. The OCT findings of the cornea, iris, anterior chamber and lens were recorded and compared with findings seen using slit lamp biomicroscopy.<p>RESULTS: All 18 eyes were examined by SD-OCT had hyphema occupying at least one-third of the anterior chamber volume. Sixteen eyes had corneal edema and corneal abrasion detected on both slit lamp biomicroscopy and OCT examination. OCT examination was also able to detect Descemet's membrane detachment(<i>n</i>=7), angle recession(<i>n</i>=6), lens subluxation(<i>n</i>=3)and iridodialysis(<i>n</i>=3).<p>CONCLUSION: SD-OCT was able to identify features of closed globe injury that were otherwise not visible on slit lamp biomicroscopy. SD-OCT may have advantages over clinical examination in cases of closed globe injury.
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@#AIM: To explore the Accuracy of OPD-Scan III labeling method in corneal astigmatism before Toric intraocular lens implantation(IOL).<p>METHODS: Totally 100 patients with cataract were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table, 50 cases each. The control group used a slit lamp horizontal narrow band labeling method. The observation group used the OPD-Scan III labeling method. The preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism and naked eye visual acuity were compared between the two groups. The axial dislocations of the two groups were measured at 1mo and 3mo after operation.<p>RESULTS: At 3mo after operation, corneal astigmatism(0.56±0.29、0.58±0.27D)decreased significantly in the two groups. The visual acuity of the naked eye was significantly higher than that before surgery. The corneal astigmatism(<i>t</i>=0.356, <i>P</i>=0.721)and the visual acuity of the naked eye were compared between the two groups(<i>t</i>=0.587,<i> P</i>=0.558). The IOL axial deviations were compared between the two groups at 1d and 3mo after surgery(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Before Toric IOL implantation, OPD-Scan III and slit lamp horizontal narrow band labeling method are equally accurate in labeling corneal astigmatism and without traumatic.
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@#AIM: To investigate the necessity of visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP)and slit lamp microscope examination on the same day after cataract surgery, and to explore a safe and effective method for postoperative observation.<p>METHODS: We collected cataract patients receiving day surgery from October to November 2018. They underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation. 149 patients(149 eyes)were included. Before the surgery, and 2h, 1d, 1wk after the surgery, we measured and compared their best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and IOP, observing whether they had the corneal edema, IOL dislocation or other complications with slit lampmicroscope. We also compared the percentage of high IOP, low IOP before and after surgery.<p>RESULTS: BCVA before and 2h after surgery, BCVA 2h and 1d after surgery, and BCVA 1d and 1wk after surgery were statistically different, showing a gradually improving trend(<i>P</i><0.05). There was no significant difference between IOP before surgery and 2h after surgery or 1d after surgery(<i>P</i>>0.05), but the IOP 1wk after surgery was lower than that before surgery, 2h after surgery and 1d after surgery(<i>P</i><0.05). The percentage of high IOP 2h after surgery was significantly higher than that before surgery, 1d after surgery and 1wk after surgery. No ocular complication was found 1wk after surgery.<p>CONCLUSION: The visual acuity, IOP and corneal edema of the patients recovered 1wk after day cataract surgery, and high IOP was easy to happen 2h after surgery. Visual acuity, IOP and slit lamp microscope examination were safe, and corresponding treatment could be given to patients with high IOP.
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Current corneal assessment technologies make the process of corneal evaluation extremely fast and simple, and several devices and technologies show signs that help in identification of different diseases thereby, helping in diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients. The purpose of this review is to present and update readers on the evaluation of cornea and ocular surface. This first part reviews a description of slit lamp biomicroscopy (SLB), endothelial specular microscopy, confocal microscopy, and ultrasound biomicroscopy examination techniques and the second part describes the corneal topography and tomography, providing up-to-date information on the clinical recommendations of these techniques in eye care practice. Although the SLB is a traditional technique, it is of paramount importance in clinical diagnosis and compulsory when an eye test is conducted in primary or specialist eye care practice. Different techniques allow the early diagnosis of many diseases, especially when clinical signs have not yet become apparent and visible with SLB. These techniques also allow for patient follow-up in several clinical conditions or diseases, facilitating clinical decisions and improving knowledge regarding the corneal anatomy.
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of needling-revision augmented with a high dose of mitomycin C (MMC) in failing or failed blebs after trabeculectomy in Indian eyes. Methods: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional study. All patients (>18 years) who had raised intraocular pressure (IOP) following trabeculectomy (>6 weeks and <2 years), who had a flat bleb, bleb encapsulation, and/or required antiglaucoma medication (AGM) for IOP control were eligible for inclusion. MMC was injected subconjunctivally at least ½ hour before the needling procedure was carried out at the slit lamp in the outpatient's clinic. Results: Thirty-nine eyes of 38 patients were included. The median follow-up was 20 months and time interval between trabeculectomy and needle revision was 113 days. Initially, in all cases, aqueous flow was re-established with a raised bleb; 7 eyes required repeat needling. IOP decreased from median 24 mmHg (Q1 21, Q3 27, interquartile range [IQR] 6, range 18–35) preneedling to median 14 mmHg (Q1 10, Q3 16, IQR 6, range 6–18) postneedling at last follow-up (P < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.2–13.0). The use of AGM reduced from median 1 (Q1 0, Q3 3, IQR 3, range 0–4) preneedling to median 0 postneedling (P < 0.0001, 95% CI: 1–2). Complete success was seen in 28 eyes (71.8%, 95% CI: 71.1%–96.4%); another 5 eyes (12.8%) were controlled with AGM (qualified success) with overall success of 84.6%. Most complications were transient in nature with resolution within 1 week. One patient developed hypotony, and another developed a late bleb leak. Conclusion: Needling revision augmented with high-dose MMC, at the slit lamp, effectively rescues failing or failed filtration, and appears to be safe.
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Objective To investigate the imaging manifestations of different filamentous fungal strains under the confocal laser scanning microscope and slit-lamp microscope,and evaluate the feasibility of rapid diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy judgment for fungal culture negative patients.Methods A diagnosis trail was performed.Nine hundred and ninety-three patients with fungal keratitis (FK) which were varified by fungal culture were included in Henan Eye Hospital from September 2013 to January 2014.Distribution of fungi strains and positive rate of fungal strains by fungal culture and corneal confocal laser scanning microscopy were compared.The imaging characteristics of different filamentous fungi and different stages of one filamentous fungi under the slit-lamp microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy were summarized.Results In the 993 FK patients,the diagnostic positive rate of fungal culture and confocal laser scanning microscopy was 43.20％ and 82.07％,respectively,showing a significant difference between them (x2 =45.323,P =0.000).In 429 culture-positive patients,the diagnostic positive rate of confocal laser scanning microscopy was 92.31％;while in 564 culture-negative patients,the diagnostic positive rate of confocal laser scanning microscopy was 74.29％.In 429 culture-positive patients,Aspergillus was the most common genus,accounting for 50.12％,and followed by Fusarium sp.and Altemaria sp.(18.18％ and 10.49％).There were no significant differences in fungal species distributions between fungal culture and confocal laser scanning microscopy examination in 429 cases (all at P＞0.05).The imaging characteristics under the slit-lamp microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope were different in different fungi stains.Aspergillus infection showed a plume-like corneal ulcer,and the Aspergillus sp.hyphae were thin and line-shaped with high reflective light and less branched under the confocal laser scanning microscope.Toothpaste-like corneal infiltration was seen in Fusarium sp.-infectious lesions under the slit lamp microscope,and mycelium showed a high-reflective long rod-like image with less branch in the image of confocal laser scanning microscope.Alternaria alternate sp.corneal infection showed nevus lesions,and hyphae characterized by high-reflective long rod or string beads in shape with less branches in the image of confocal laser scanning microscope.The mycelium was ruptured,shorter,thinner with weak reflective light following drug therapy.The differential diagnosis could be easily obtained between hyphae and corneal nerve fibers by confocal laser scanning microscope.Hyphae intertwined,or had branches with diffuse distribution,which surrounded by highreflective inflammatory cells and destructed matrix fiber and were located in stroma.The corneal nerve fibers located between epithelium layer and stroma layer,surrounded by normal epithelium or stroma structure.The diameter of the thicker nerve fibers in the stroma layer was obviously thicker than that of the hyphae.Conclusions The diagnosis rate of confocal laser scanning microscope combined with slit-lamp microscope for filamentous fungi-infectious FK is higher than that of fungal culture.The combination procedure of confocal laser scanning microscope and slit lamp microscope examination provides a rapid evaluation for fungi strains and therapeutic efficacy in the FK patients with negative results by fungal culture.