La casa de los sueños: ocupación, actividad transgresora y construcción de identidad / The house of dreams: occupation, transgressive activity and identity construction

El estudio pretende comprender cómo los niños que han transgredido la ley, vinculan su contexto social y ámbitos contextuales a sus actividades significativas, entre ellas la actividad transgresora, como elementos constructores de su identidad y cotidianidad, desde un enfoque socio-histórico. El foco de investigación, fueron niños que se encuentran en régimen residencial en el Centro de Reparación Especializada de Atención Directa (CREAD-Pudahuel), específicamente en la casa “De los Sueños”. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa con alcance exploratorio, descriptivo analítico. La recopilación de información se realizó mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas a profesionales y niños cuyas edades fluctúan entre 10 y 14 años. Complementado con observación participante por medio de juego grupal con los niños. El análisis de datos se realizó siguiendo la Teoría Fundamentada propuesta por Glaser y Struss (Glaser, 1967). Los resultados aluden a que la significación positiva de la actividad transgresora es facilitada por distintos contextos. Donde las ocupaciones están determinadas por las oportunidades, las características de estos ámbitos y por la vivencia de logro y autoeficacia experimentadas en dichas ocupaciones. Es así, como estas promueven la construcción de identidad en torno a la ocupación realizada y como esta favorece su participación e inclusión social. Lo anterior plantea desafíos para Terapia Ocupacional en tanto pueda plantear cambios contextuales que favorezcan mayores posibilidades a los niños y alternativas a la ocupación transgresora.

This research aims to how children who have the law relate their social environment to their main activities, such as the transgressive activity itself. It also aims to show how it influences their identity, and everyday life, from a socio-historic point of view. The research focus on children who temporarily live at the center “Centro de Reparación Especializada de Atención Directa” (CREAD-Pudahuel), specifically at “La Casa de los sueños (The Dream House) the ages for the sample fluctuate between 10 and 14. This research has a powerful descriptive, qualitative analytical, and exploratory character. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with professionals and children, whose ages fluctuate between 10 and 14, and also by observation of group play activities The main results show that the positive significance of the transgressive activity is facilitated by different contexts, where jobs will be determined by the opportunities and the characteristics of these domains of context and the experience of accomplishment and self-efficacy that the child experiences in these occupations, thus promoting the construction of identity around the occupation done and how this promotes social participation and inclusion. This poses challenges for occupational therapy can raise both contextual changes that encourage development that provides greater opportunities for children.

Orientação profissional na escola: uma pesquisa com intervenção / Vocational guidance at school: a research with intervention

A escolha profissional é um processo evolutivo que, se realizada de forma consciente e planejada, interfere positivamente na qualidade de vida. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma orientação profissional dentro da escola, utilizando como base teórica a abordagem sócio-histórica e como método de avaliação dos resultados uma escala de atitudes. Verificou-se a importância de um instrumento para avaliar processos de orientação profissional, que possibilite mensurar quanto os alunos se beneficiaram com a intervenção. Entretanto, o indicado seria a prática durante as aulas, com a participação dos professores, de modo que o tema seja trabalhado de forma transversal ao currículo escolar.

The professional choice is a process of evolution that, if carried out in a planned and conscious way, affects positively the quality of life. The aim of this research is to present a professional guidance inside the school, using as a theoretical basis the socio-historical approach and a scale of attitudes as method of evaluating the results. There was verified the importance of an instrument to measure the processes of vocational guidance, which allows to measure if the students have been benefited with the involvement. However, the most suitable is that the practice should be done during the classes, with the participation of the teachers, in order that the theme should be worked through out a cross-school curriculum.