Rider sitting position widens lumbar intervertebral distance: a prospective observational study

Abstract Background: Reduced lumbar lordosis may make the process of identifying the intervertebral distance easier. The primary aim of this study was to measure the L3-L4 intervertebral space in the same patients undergoing spinal anesthesia in three different sitting positions, including the classic sitting position (CSP), hamstring stretch position (HSP) and rider sitting position (RSP). The secondary aim was to compare ultrasonographic measurements of the depth of the ligamentum flavum and intrathecal space in these three defined positions. Methods: This study is a single-blinded, prospective, randomized study. Ninety patients were included in final analysis. the patients were positioned on the operating table in three different positions to perform ultrasonographic measurements of the spinal canal. The intervertebral distance (IVD), the distance between the skin and the ligamentum flavum (DBSLF) and the intrathecal space (IS) were measured in the L3 -L4 intervertebral space in three different positions. Results: The RSP produced the largest mean distance between the spinous processes. The RSP yielded a significantly larger IVD than did the CSP (p < 0.001) and HSP (p < 0.001). The DBSP was larger in the CSP than in the HSP (p = 0.001). The DBSLF was significantly larger in the RSP than in the HSP (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Positioning the patient in the RSP significantly increased the intervertebral distance between L3 -L4 vertebrae compared to the CSP and HSP, suggesting easier performance of lumbar neuraxial block.

Postural changes and chronic lumbar pain in university students: original study / Alterações posturais e dor lombar crônica em universitários: estudo original / Cambios posturales y dolor lumbar crónico en universitarios: estudio original

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the impacts of postural changes and low back pain in university students. Methodology: The research is configured as a cross-sectional observational study of the field study type. Fifty university students were recruited, with or without chronic low back pain. Subjects were assessed for pain level in the lumbar spine using a Likert scale, posture was assessed by photogrammetry, and functionality was assessed using the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test (p<0.05) were performed using the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: The frequency of chronic low back pain was 62%. Of these, 48.28% reported moderate pain in the last week. The university students did not present physical disability with a mean of 3.42 ± 3.33; the most frequent postural dysfunction was scoliosis, with 84%. There was no statistically significant relationship (p> 0.112) between postural changes and chronic low back pain. Conclusion: There was a frequency of chronic low back pain and adult scoliosis in college students. However, there was no direct and significant relationship between postural biomechanical changes and chronic low back pain. Level of evidence II; A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os impactos das alterações posturais e dor a nível lombar nos universitários. Metodologia: A pesquisa se configura como um estudo observacional transversal do tipo estudo de campo. Foram recrutados 50 universitários, apresentando ou não dor lombar crônica. Os indivíduos foram avaliados quanto ao nível álgico em coluna lombar por meio de escala Likert, a postura foi avaliada por fotogrametria e a funcionalidade por meio do questionário de incapacidade de Roland-Morris. Realizou-se estatística descritiva e teste Qui-quadrado (p<0,05) no programa SPSS 20.0. Resultados: A frequência de dor lombar crônica foi de 62%. Destes, 48,28% referiram dor de intensidade moderada na última semana. Na sua totalidade, os universitários não apresentaram incapacidade física com média de 3,42 ± 3,33 e a disfunção postural mais frequente foi a escoliose com 84%. Não houve relação estatisticamente significante (p> 0,112) na associação de alterações posturais e dor lombar crônica. Conclusão: Houve uma frequência de dor lombar crônica e de escoliose do adulto nos universitários. No entanto, não ocorreu relação direta e significativa entre alterações posturais e dor lombar crônica. Nível de evidência II; estudo descritivo transversal com abordagem quantitativa.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los impactos de los cambios posturales y el dolor lumbar en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: La investigación se configura como un estudio observacional transversal del tipo estudio de campo. Se reclutaron 50 estudiantes universitarios, padecieran o no lumbalgia crónica. Se evaluó a los individuos el nivel de dolor en la columna lumbar mediante la escala de Likert, la postura se evaluó mediante fotogrametría y la funcionalidad mediante el cuestionario de discapacidad de Roland-Morris. La estadística descriptiva y la prueba de chi-cuadrado (p<0,05) se realizaron en el programa SPSS 20.0. Resultados: La frecuencia de dolor lumbar crónico fue del 62%. De estos, el 48,28% refirió dolor moderado en la última semana. En total los universitarios no presentaron discapacidad física con un promedio de 3,42 ± 3,33 y la disfunción postural más frecuente fue la escoliosis con un 84%. No hubo relación estadísticamente significativa (p> 0.112) en la asociación de cambios posturales y dolor lumbar crónico. Conclusión: Hubo frecuencia de lumbalgia crónica y escoliosis del adulto en estudiantes universitarios. Sin embargo, no hubo una relación directa y significativa entre los cambios biomecánicos posturales y el dolor lumbar crónico. Nivel de Evidencia II; estudio descriptivo transversal con enfoque cuantitativo.

Incidencia de infección de sitio operatorio en pacientes con cirugía de columna y uso de vancomicina tópica: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva / Incidence of surgical site infection in patients with spinal surgery and use of topical vancomycin: A cohort study

Introducción La incidencia de infección en cirugía de columna puede ser hasta el 12%; con el uso de vancomicina tópica, previo al cierre, se ha logrado disminuir el riesgo de esta condición. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la incidencia de infección en cirugía de columna a quienes se aplicó vancomicina tópica previo al cierre de incisión en una institución de alta complejidad Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes intervenidos en cirugía de columna con aplicación de vancomicina tópica previa al cierre entre el 2014 al 2018 en una institución de tercer nivel. Los pacientes fueron seguidos desde el momento de la cirugía hasta 3 meses postquirúrgico Se recolectó información sobre edad, comobilidades, índice masa corporal, tiempo quirúrgico, sangrado intraoperatorio, complicaciones, uso de drenajes. Resultados Se incluyeron 130 pacientes, 81 mujeres y 49 hombres con una edad pomedio de 64 años. 95.4% se les realizó vía posterior con laminectomía, artrodesis e instrumentación. El tiempo promedio fue de 207 minutos, con un sangrado de 400mL. Solo un paciente presentó ruptura de duramadre. Cinco pacientes presentaron infección del sitio operatorio para una incidencia de 3.8% (IC95% 1.5% - 8.9%). Discusión El uso de vancomicina parece reducir el riesgo de infección en cirugía de columna según la incidencia de esta infección reportada en la literatura; sin embargo, hacen falta estudios prospectivos o ensayos clínicos controlados que prueben las dosis ideales de esta terapéutica.

Background The incidence of infection in spine surgery can be up to 12%; With the use of topical vancomycin, prior to closure, the risk of this condition has been reduced. The aim of the study is to determine the incidence of infection in spinal surgery to which topical vancomycin was applied prior to the closure of an incision in a highly complex institution. Methods An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients undergoing spinal surgery with application of topical vancomycin prior to closure between 2014 and 2018 in a third-level institution were included. The patients were followed from the moment of surgery until 3 months post-surgery. Information was collected on age, comorbilities, body mass index, surgical time, intraoperative bleeding, complications, use of drainages. Results 130 patients were included, 81 women and 49 men with an average age of 64 years. 95.4% were performed posteriorly with laminectomy, arthrodesis and instrumentation. The average time was 207minutes, with a bleeding of 400mL. Only one patient presented a dura mater rupture. Five patients presented surgical site infection for an incidence of 3.8% (95% CI 1.5% - 8.9%). Discussion The use of vancomycin seems to reduce the risk of infection in spinal surgery according to the incidence of this infection reported in the literature; however, prospective studies or controlled clinical trials are needed to prove the ideal doses of this therapy.

Resolución quirúrgica de escoliosis congénita: reporte de caso / Surgical resolution of congenital scoliosis: case report

Las deformidades congénitas de la columna vertebral, constituyen uno de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos no traumáticos de difícil manejo clínico quirúrgico, por el alto grado de deformidad que producen y porque su incidencia es menor que las idiopáticas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 14 años de edad, quien fue valorada en una consulta externa del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, con una deformidad severa toracolumbar, presente desde el nacimiento, que ha ido progresando hasta causar dolor a la movilidad y limitando sus actividades diarias, impidiendo un desarrollo social adecuado, por lo que, se decide su resolución quirúrgica mediante artrodesis posterior instrumentada, osteotomías correctivas y resección de hemivértebra y barra espinal, posterior a lo cual se realizó fisioterapia y un seguimiento por consulta externa de un año. Su evolución fue favorable, mejorando su sintomatología y movilidad.

Congenital deformities of the spine constitute one of the non-traumatic musculoskeletal disorders of difficult clinical surgical management, due to the high degree of deformity they produce and their incidence is lower than idiopathic ones. We present the case of a 14-year-old patient who was evaluated in the outpatient clinic of the Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital in the city of Quito, Ecuador, with a severe thoracolumbar deformity, present from birth, which has progressed to cause pain to mobility, limiting daily activities, preventing an adequate social development, for which, surgical resolution was decided through instrumented posterior arthrodesis, corrective osteotomies, and resection of hemivertebra and spinal rod, after which physiotherapy was performed and follow-up by external consultation for 1 year. Its evolution was favorable, improving its symptomatology and mobility.

Effects of different doses of tranexamic acid on bleeding volume and safety of simple scoliosis corrective operation / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To observe the effects of different doses of tranexamic acid (TXA) on bleeding volume and safety for patients undergoing simple scoliosis corrective operation. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, 58 patients who had undergone simple scoliosis orthopaedic operation admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled, and they were divided into a high TXA dose group (100 mg/kg load dose and then maintaining dose 10 mg·kg-1·h-1, 32 cases) and a low TXA dose group (10 mg/kg load dose and then maintaining dose 1 mg·kg-1·h-1, 26 cases) according to the different TXA dosages used in the operation. The clinical data of intra-operative blood loss volume, intra-operative bleeding ratio, intra-operative volume of blood transfusion, wound drainage volume on the postoperative first day, blood transfusion percentage, postoperative continual use of TXA situation, the levels of creatinine (SCr), D-dimer, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, etc. on the day before operation and on the first day after operation were collected, and the postoperative and 28-day post-discharge complications in the two groups were analyzed. Results There were no statistical significant differences in intra-operative blood loss volume (mL: 467.2±362.0 vs. 445.0±255.9), bleeding ratio [(16.9±11.7)% vs. (19.0±10.6) %], intra-operative blood transfusion (mL: 421.90±94.80 vs. 561.90±111.06), wound drainage volume on the postoperative first day (mL: 287.3±163.0 vs. 325.2±155.5), blood transfusion percentage [9.4% (3/32) vs. 3.8% (1/26)] and proportion of continual use of TXA [37.5% (12/32) vs. 57.7% (15/26)] between high dose TXA group and small dose TXA group (all P > 0.05). After operation, the SOFA scores of the two groups were significantly higher than those before operation (high dose TXA group: 2.22±1.31 vs. 0.47±0.11, low dose TXA group: 2.85±1.49 vs. 0.35±0.09), but there was no statistical significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). No statistical significant difference in the level of SCr before and after operation in high dose TXA group was seen (μmol/L: 52.0±15.7 vs. 50.6±13.5, P > 0.05); the postoperative SCr level was significantly higher than that before operation in low dose TXA group (μmol/L: 51.3±13.5 vs. 46.2±15.0, P < 0.05), but there was no statistical significant difference in SCr level between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). The proportions of patients with D-dimer =0 mg/L and < 0.19 mg/L in high dose TXA group were higher than those in low dose TXA group [21.9% (7/32) vs. 15.4% (4/26) and 12.5% (4/32) vs. 0 (0/26), respectively], but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). No complications such as kidney injury, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, epilepsy, etc were found in either group. Conclusions There were no significant differences between the use of high-dose and low-dose TXA in the reduction of intra-operative and postoperative bleeding volume and transfusion volume in patients undergoing simple scoliosis corrective operation. Therefore, the low dose TXA is recommended to be used in such procedure.

Evaluación postural y prevalencia de hipercifosis e hiperlordosis en estudiantes de enseñanza básica / Postural evaluation and prevalence of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis in students of elementary school

El alineamiento incorrecto de la columna vertebral origina estrés y una tensión innecesaria que afecta el aparato locomotor. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y establecer la prevalencia de hipercifosis e hiperlordosis y su relación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) e índice cintura-talla (ICT) en estudiantes de 12 años de edad en Arica, Chile. Ochenta estudiantes de sexo masculino (n = 80) de tres tipos de subvención escolar fueron reclutados. Se les evaluó peso (kg), talla (m), IMC e ICT como indicador de riesgo metabólico. Para la evaluación postural de hipercifosis e hiperlordosis se utilizó el test de flechas sagitales. Para los análisis estadísticos fueron ocupadas las pruebas Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA de una vía y exacta de Fisher y Chi-cuadrado para las variables categóricas. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia total de alteración postural de un 57,5 %, un IMC de sobrepeso/obesidad de un 52,5 % y un 35 % de riesgo metabólico. No se observó una asociación entre IMC, ICT y alteraciones de columna, excepto en ICT e hipercifosis. Las alteraciones más frecuentes fueron hiperlordosis seguida de hipercifosis con un 38,8 % y 25,7 % respectivamente, donde las mayores prevalencias se registraron en el establecimiento municipal. En la muestra estudiada se reportan altas prevalencias de hipercifosis e hiperlordosis que no presentan asociación con los índices de sobrepeso y obesidad. Además, las mayores prevalencias de alteraciones posturales en el plano sagital se reportaron en el establecimiento municipal. La prevención de alteraciones posturales y el control del sobrepeso y obesidad deben realizarse precozmente en todo el sistema educativo.

Incorrect alignment of the spinal column causes stress and unnecessary stress affecting the locomotor system. The objective of this study was to identify and establish the prevalence of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio (WHR) in 12- year-old students from Arica, Chile. Eighty male students (n = 80) from three types of school: public, private subsidized, and private nonsubsidized schools were recruited. They were assessed weight (kg), height (m), BMI and WHR as an indicator of metabolic risk. The sagittal arrow test was used for postural evaluation of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis. Kruskal-Wallis tests, one-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test were used for the categorical variables. The results show a total prevalence of postural alteration of 57.5 %, a BMI of overweight / obesity of 52.5 % and a 35 % of metabolic risk. There was no association between BMI, WHR and spinal alterations, except for WHR and hyperkyphosis. The most frequent alterations were hyperlordosis followed by hyperkyphosis with 38.8 % and 25.7 % respectively, where the highest prevalences were recorded in the public school. In the sample studied we report the high prevalence of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis that there were not association with the indexes of overweight and obesity. In addition, the higher prevalences of postural alterations in the sagittal plane were reported in the public school. The prevention of postural alterations and the control of overweight and obesity should be carried out early in the whole elementary education system.

Evaluación postural y prevalencia de hipercifosis e hiperlordosis en estudiantes de enseñanza básica / Postural evaluation and prevalence of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis in students of elementary school

RESUMEN: El alineamiento incorrecto de la columna vertebral origina estrés y una tensión innecesaria que afecta el aparato locomotor. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y establecer la prevalencia de hipercifosis e hiperlordosis y su relación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) e índice cintura-talla (ICT) en estudiantes de 12 años de edad en Arica, Chile. Ochenta estudiantes de sexo masculino (n = 80) de tres tipos de subvención escolar fueron reclutados. Se les evaluó peso (kg), talla (m), IMC e ICT como indicador de riesgo metabólico. Para la evaluación postural de hipercifosis e hiperlordosis se utilizó el test de flechas sagitales. Para los análisis estadísticos fueron ocupadas las pruebas Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA de una vía y exacta de Fisher y Chi-cuadrado para las variables categóricas. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia total de alteración postural de un 57,5 %, un IMC de sobrepeso/obesidad de un 52,5 % y un 35 % de riesgo metabólico. No se observó una asociación entre IMC, ICT y alteraciones de columna, excepto en ICT e hipercifosis. Las alteraciones más frecuentes fueron hiperlordosis seguida de hipercifosis con un 38,8 % y 25,7 % respectivamente, donde las mayores prevalencias se registraron en el establecimiento municipal. En la muestra estudiada se reportan altas prevalencias de hipercifosis e hiperlordosis que no presentan asociación con los índices de sobrepeso y obesidad. Además, las mayores prevalencias de alteraciones posturales en el plano sagital se reportaron en el establecimiento municipal. La prevención de alteraciones posturales y el control del sobrepeso y obesidad deben realizarse precozmente en todo el sistema educativo.

SUMMARY: Incorrect alignment of the spinal column causes stress and unnecessary stress affecting the locomotor system. The objective of this study was to identify and establish the prevalence of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio (WHR) in 12- year-old students from Arica, Chile. Eighty male students (n = 80) from three types of school: public, private subsidized, and private nonsubsidized schools were recruited. They were assessed weight (kg), height (m), BMI and WHR as an indicator of metabolic risk. The sagittal arrow test was used for postural evaluation of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis. Kruskal-Wallis tests, one-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test were used for the categorical variables. The results show a total prevalence of postural alteration of 57.5 %, a BMI of overweight / obesity of 52.5 % and a 35 % of metabolic risk. There was no association between BMI, WHR and spinal alterations, except for WHR and hyperkyphosis. The most frequent alterations were hyperlordosis followed by hyperkyphosis with 38.8 % and 25.7 % respectively, where the highest prevalences were recorded in the public school. In the sample studied we report the high prevalence of hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis that there were not association with the indexes of overweight and obesity. In addition, the higher prevalences of postural alterations in the sagittal plane were reported in the public school. The prevention of postural alterations and the control of overweight and obesity should be carried out early in the whole elementary education system.

Changes in the sagittal plane spinal alignment at the time of the cross-leg sitting position / 体力科学

<p>Cross-leg sitting is locus posture performed well in Asian area, and a lifestyle and culture are thought to affect it. It is usually essential to cross-leg sitting carried out in the case of Zen meditation to maintain cross-leg sitting locus in a relaxed state to perform locus posture in floor, and to perform it in hip joint flexion of bilateral feet, abduction, and lateral rotation position in the meditation for a long time. The spinal column of cross-leg sitting was intended that aligning it confirmed backbone in lumbar vertebrae being displaced than rest standing position in the kyphosis direction or raising a bearing surface whether aligning it changed into lordotic projection from the lumbar vertebrae kyphosis direction. The thoracic vertebra angle and the lumbar vertebrae angle measured it using SpinalMouse®. We decided to measure a thoracic vertebra angle, a lumbar vertebrae angle when we changed the height of the target rest standing position and the bearing surface of cross-leg sitting. The thoracic vertebra angle did not change by raising the bearing surface of cross-leg sitting, however the lumbar vertebrae angle changed. It showed a significant correlation between hip joint flexion, abduction, an external rotation angles and the change of the lumbar vertebrae angle. Results of this study suggested that lumbar, aligning it changed to lordosis in the high cross-leg sitting thing that we changed. The quantity that aligning it biases into lordosis of the lumbar part is related to the flexion of the hip joint, abduction, external rotation flexibility.</p>

Efecto del tratamiento prolongado con metformina sobre la densidad mineral ósea en las mujeres postmenopáusicas con diabetes tipo 2 / Effect of long term metformin treatment on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between prolonged use of metformine on bone mineral density, comparing a group of patients receiving prolonged treatment with metformine and a control group with similar characteristics biodemographic. Material and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a population of 225 postmenopausal women between 51 and 62 years of age, were divided into 2 groups, one of type 2 diabetic patients treated with 1,000-2,000 mg. of metformine for at least 5 years (n = 75) and they had an acceptable metabolic control (HbA1c < 7.5 percent), and a control group of non diabetic women (n = 150). BMD at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and both hips were measured with DEXA. Results: The group of type 2 diabetes treated with metfornine was associated with a significantly increased bone mineral density at the lumbar spine compared with the control group (L1-L4 g/cm2 1.07 +/- 0.15 vs 0.16 +/- 0.975) (L1-L4 T score-0.68 +/- 1.06 vs -1.73 +/- 1,07) (p = 0.05).Conclusion: Prolonged therapy metformine could have an effect on the preservation of bone mineral density at the lumbar spine in women with diabetes type 2, suggesting an effect of metfornine osteoprotective in trabecular bone.

Multilevel Noncontiguous Spinal Fractures: Surgical Approach towards Clinical Characteristics

STUDY DESIGN: The study retrospectively investigated 15 cases with multilevel noncontiguous spinal fractures (MNSF). PURPOSE: To clarify the evaluation of true diagnosis and to plane the surgical treatment. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: MNSF are defined as fractures of the vertebral column at more than one level. High-energy injuries caused MNSF, with an incidence ranging from 1.6% to 16.7%. MNSF may be misdiagnosed due to lack of detailed neurological and radiological examinations. METHODS: Patients with metabolic, rheumatologic diseases and neoplasms were excluded. Despite the presence of a spinal fracture associated clearly with the clinical picture, all patients were scanned within spinal column by direct X-rays, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. When there were > or =5 intact vertebrae between two fractured vertebral segments, each fracture region was managed with a separated stabilization. In cases with < or =4 intact segments between two fractured levels, both fractures were fixed with the same rod and screw system. RESULTS: There were 32 vertebra fractures in 15 patients. Eleven (73.3%) patients were male and age ranged from 20 to 64 years (35.9+/-13.7 years). Eleven cases were the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) E, 3 were ASIA A, and one was ASIA D. Ten of the 15 (66.7%) patients returned to previous social status without additional deficit or morbidity. The remaining 5 (33.3%) patients had mild or moderate improvement after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The spinal column should always be scanned to rule out a secondary or tertiary vertebra fracture in vertebral fractures associated with high-energy trauma. In MNSF, each fracture should be separately evaluated for decision of surgery and planned approach needs particular care. In MNSF with < or =4 intact vertebra in between, stabilization of one segment should prompt the involvement of the secondary fracture into the system.

International Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Column Injury Basic Data Set / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Collection of information on spinal column injury is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with spinal cord lesions. The purpose of the Spinal Column Injury Basic Data Set for spinal cord injury individuals is to standardize the collection and reporting of a minimal amount of information on the spinal column injury in daily practice. By studying and using the International Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Column Injury Basic Data Set, it is helpful to standardize and unify the collection of information on spinal column injury of patients with spinal cord injury in our country and afford evidence to the relevant treatments. The process used to develop the International Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Column Injury Basic Data Set, a description of the data elements and examples of cases illustrating how the data is coded is described in this paper.

Fibroma desmoplásico de la columna lumbar / Desmoplastic fibroma of lumbar spine

Introducción: el fibroma desmoplásico fue definido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en 2002 como un tumor benigno, raro, compuesto por células fusiformes, con mínima atipia celular y abundante producción de colágeno. Es considerado por muchos autores como benignos localmente agresivos, pero que rara vez hacen metástasis. Objetivo: presentar un caso raro de fibroma desmoplásico en la columna lumbar y discutir el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta afección. Descripción: se presentó un paciente de 20 años de edad con cuadro doloroso en la columna lumbar. Se hizo una radiografía simple observándose imagen osteolíotica de la apófisis espinosa de L3, se decidió efectuar biopsia abierta incisional que determinó un fibroma desmoplásico óseo. Se aplicó tratamiento quirúrgico con bordes amplios de la lesión, mediante abordaje combinado anterior y posterior. La reconstrucción se realizó con tornillos pediculares, placa anterior e injerto autólogo de peroné. Resultados: después de la cirugía el dolor desapareció y la función neurológica resultó normal. Hubo complicaciones relacionadas con el injerto óseo e infección del sitio quirúrgico. El paciente en un seguimiento de 3 meses no tuvo recidiva. Conclusión: el fibroma desmoplásico óseo, descrito también como quiste desmoide óseo, es un tumor muy infrecuente y de difícil diagnóstico, el cual debe ser considerado entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de los tumores de la columna vertebral. Una confirmación histológica siempre es requerida. La resección en bloque de la lesión puede ser curativa seguida de la reconstrucción para preservar la estabilidad espinal

Introduction: the desmoplastic fibroma was defined by WHO in 2000 as a benign tumor, rare, composed by fusiform cells with a minimal cellular atypia and an abundant collagen production. Many authors consider it as locally aggressive and benign tumors but rarely to metastasize. Objective: to present a rare case of desmoplastic fibroma in lumbar spine and to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this affection. Description: this is the case of a patient aged 20 presenting with a painful picture in lumbar spine. A simple radiography was taken showing an osteolytic image of spinal apophysis of L3 and an open incisional biopsy determining a bone desmoplastic fibroma. Surgical treatment was applied with wide edges of injury by anterior and posterior combined approach. In repair process we used pedicular screws, anterior plate and autologous peroneal graft. Results: after surgery pain disappeared and the neurologic function became normal. There were complications related to the bone graft and infection in surgical site. During a 3-month follow-up patient had not relapse. Conclusion: the bone desmoplastic fibroma also known as bone desmoid cyst is a very infrequent tumor and of difficult diagnosis, which must to be considered among the differential diagnoses of spinal column tumors. Always it is necessary a histological confirmation. The block resection of injury must to be curative followed by the repair to preserve the spinal stability

Alterações da densidade mineral óssea em vértebras de ratos WistWistar submetidos à ausência de carga nos membros pélvicos / Changes of bone mineral density in vertebrae of rats subjected to hindlimb unload

A suspensão de ratos pela cauda é modelo utilizado para investigar o comportamento ósseo em animais impossibilitados de se locomoverem. O osso é um tecido adaptativo que se desenvolve em sua estrutura e função, entre outros fatores, em resposta a forças mecânicas aplicadas a ele e demandas metabólicas que venha sofrer. A ausência de forças mecânicas e de deformação óssea faz com que ocorra uma diminuição na deposição de cálcio por ausência de estímulos nos osteoblastose osteócitos, favorecendo a ação dos osteoclastos, tornando o osso enfraquecido e quebradiço. Portanto, a ação mecânica é necessária para estimular a resposta óssea local e, assim, proporcionar seu crescimento e remodelamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, através da densitometria radiográfica, se a suspensão pela cauda por 15 e 36 dias altera a densidade mineral óssea das vértebras cervical (C3), torácica (T6) e lombares (L1 e L3) de ratos Wistar. Trinta Rattus norvegicus albinus, adultos, machos, linhagem Wistar, massa corpórea média de ± 350g, foram divididos em 3 grupos: controle (n=10) - não suspenso; S15 (n=10) - suspenso por 15 dias e S36 (n=10) - suspenso por 36 dias. Para análise densitométrica, as vértebras foram radiografadas, escaneadas, digitalizadas e analisadas pelo programa computacional ImageJ®. Houve aumento estatisticamente significante da densidade mineral óssea no grupo S15, provavelmente pela inquietação dos animais à suspensão, com diminuição no grupo S36, fato este hipoteticamente ligado à acomodação dos mesmos, concluindo que a suspensão pela cauda alterou a densidade mineral óssea num primeiro momento com diminuição com o passar do tempo.

The suspension of rats by the tail model is used to investigate the behavior of bone in animals unable to move around. Bone is an adaptative tissue that develops in structure and function, among other factors, in response to mechanical forces applied to it and metabolic demands that it will suffer. The absence of mechanical forces and deformation of bone that occurs causes a decrease in calcium deposition in the absence of stimuli on osteoblasts and osteocytes, favoring the action of osteoclasts, making bones weak and brittle. Therefore, the mechanical action is necessary to stimulate local bone response and thus provide growth and remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluable by radiographic densitometry, the tail suspension for 15 and 36 days alter the bone mineral density of cervical vertebrae (C3), thoracic (T6) and lumbar (L1 and L3) of Wistar rats. Thirty Rattus norvegicus albinus, adult, male, Wistar strain, average body mass ± 350g, were divided into 3 groups: control (n = 10) - not suspended; S15 (n = 10) - suspended for 15 days and S36 (n = 10) - suspended for 36 days. For densitometric analysis vertebrae were radiographed, scanned, digitized and analyzed by the computer program ImageJ®. There was a statistically significant increase in bone mineral density in group S15, probably by the restlessness of the animals to the suspension, with a decrease in group S36, and this hypothetically is linked to the accommodation of the rats, concluding that the tail suspension altered bone mineral density in first time with a decrease over time.

Valor diagnóstico da tomografia de coluna cervical em vítimas de trauma contuso / Diagnostic value of tomography of the cervical spine in victims of blunt trauma

OBJETIVO. Avaliar o valor da tomografia computadorizada no diagnóstico de lesões da coluna e medula cervicais em vítimas de trauma contuso. MÉTODOS. Revisão dos prontuários de vítimas de trauma contuso atendidas de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2008. Foram analisados os seguintes dados: epidemiológicos, mecanismo de trauma, transporte das vítimas para o hospital, atendimento intra-hospitalar, critérios de indicação da TC, diagnóstico, tratamento, e evolução das vítimas em estudo. As vítimas foram distribuídas em dois grupos: Grupo I - sem lesão na coluna cervical; Grupo II - com lesão na coluna cervical . RESULTADOS. Foram analisados os prontuários de 3.101 vítimas. A tomografia computadorizada foi indicada em 1.572 (51 por cento) pacientes, Foi observado predomínio masculino entre as vítimas (79 por cento), com média etária de 38,53 anos no Grupo I e 37,60 anos no Grupo II. A distribuição dos mecanismos de trauma foi semelhante nos dois grupos. Lesões encontradas: 53 fraturas, oito listeses vertebrais e oito lesões medulares. As sequelas incluíram: três paraplegias, cinco tetraplegias e oito sequelas de lesão cerebral. No Grupo II ocorreram sete óbitos ,no Grupo I 240. A duração média de internação hospitalar foi de 11 dias para o Grupo I e 26,2 dias para o Grupo II. CONCLUSÃO. A TC de coluna cervical em vítimas de trauma contuso foi eficaz na identificação de lesões da coluna e medula cervicais. Assim, apesar do custo da TC cervical, e da baixa incidência de lesões por ela identificáveis, a sua indicação baseada nos critérios usuais parece justificável.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the value of computed tomography in the diagnosis of cervical spine and spinal cord injuries in victims of blunt trauma. METHODS: we reviewed the charts of blunt trauma victims from January 2006 to December 2008. We analyzed the following data: epidemiology, mechanism of trauma, transportation of victims to the hospital, intra-hospital care, indication criteria for CT, diagnosis, treatment and evolution of the victims. The victims were divided into two groups: Group I - without cervical spine injury, Group II - with cervical spine injury. RESULTS: we gathered medical records from 3,101 victims. Computed tomography was performed in 1572 (51 percent) patients, with male predominance (79 percent) and mean age of 38.53 years in Group I and 37.60 years in Group II. The distribution of trauma mechanisms was similar in both groups. Lesions found included: 53 fractures, eight vertebral listeses and eight spinal cord injuries. Sequelae included: paraplegia in three cases, quadriplegia in eight and brain injury in five. There were seven deaths in Group II and 240 in Group I. The average length of hospital stay was 11 days for Group I and 26.2 days for Group II. CONCLUSION. A CT scan of the cervical spine in victims of blunt trauma was effective in identifying lesions of the cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Thus, despite the cost of neck CT and the low incidence of lesions identified by it, its indication based on the usual criteria seems justified.

Alterações posturais da coluna e instabilidade lombar no indivíduo obeso: uma revisão de literatura / Postural alterations on the spinal column and lumbar instability in obese individual: a literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade é um distúrbio nutricional que pode desencadear inúmeras disfunções no aparelho locomotor, particularmente na coluna vertebral. O acúmulo de gordura no abdômen do indivíduo obeso predispõe o aparecimento de alterações posturais, associadas a um risco de disfunção na musculatura estabilizadora da coluna, concorrendo para o surgimento da instabilidade nesse segmento. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo, realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre alterações posturais da coluna e o diagnóstico e tratamento da instabilidade segmentar vertebral no indivíduo obeso. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se como fonte de pesquisa as bases de dados MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS, COCHRANE e SciELO e os seguintes descritores: obesidade, gordura abdominal, estabilização, coluna vertebral e postura. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2010 e indexados nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: A partir da análise da produção foi possível constatar que os obesos têm uma predisposição para o aparecimento de alterações posturais, principalmente a hiperlordose lombar, e para o desenvolvimento de instabilidade na coluna, decorrente da deposição do tecido adiposo no abdômen. Além disso, também foi possível perceber que a unidade pressórica de biofeedback é um dispositivo barato, prático e útil, que pode ser utilizado tanto na avaliação quanto no tratamento da instabilidade do indivíduo obeso e que a técnica de estabilização segmentar vertebral (ESV) favorece o treinamento específico dos músculos multífidos e transverso do abdômen, permitindo a restauração da estabilidade lombar, melhora da postura e alívio da sintomatologia dolorosa que acomete a coluna desses indivíduos.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a nutritional disorder that may trigger numerous dysfunctions in the locomotor system, particularly in the spine. Abdominal fat storage in obese provokes postural alterations associated with an increased risk of dysfunction in the spine stabilizing muscles, becoming an important cause to the appearing of instability on this segment. OBJECTIVES: This study has had as its main objective to accomplish a bibliographic survey about alteration on the spinal column and the diagnosis and treatment of the vertebral segmental instability and postural in an obese individual. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data bases MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS, COCHRANE and SciELO were used as a source of research, as well as the following descriptors: obesity, abdominal fat, stabilization, vertebral spinal column and posture. Articles edited between 2000 and 2010 in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: From the analyses of such productions it was possible to find out that obese individuals have a predisposition to postural alterations, principally lumbar hyperlordosis and to the developing of spinal column instability as a result of the deposition of adipose tissue in the abdomen. Besides, it was possible to realize that the pressure biofeedback unit is a cheap, practical and useful device which can be used both in evaluation and the treatment of instability in an obese individual and that the technique of vertebral segmental stabilization (VSE) promotes the specific training of the muitifidus and transversal muscles, permitting the restoration of the lumbar stability, better posture and relief from the painful symptomatology which attacks the spinal column of obese individuals.

La corpectomía transpedicular en fracturas de columna toracolumbar / Transpedicular vertebrectomy in thoracolumbar spine fractures / La corpectomie transpédiculaire dans les fractures du rachis thoraco-lombaire

INTRODUCCIÓN. El objeto de este estudio fue analizar la evolución clínica de una serie de pacientes con fracturas vertebrales postraumáticas y trastornos neurológicos añadidos, operados mediante la técnica de corpectomía transpedicular, y relacionar además esta evolución con el tiempo preoperatorio transcurrido. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de intervención, de 18 pacientes con paraplejia postraumática, a los cuales se les realizó descompresión medular por corpectomía transpedicular e instrumentación con la técnica de Luque. Los pacientes fueron atendidos entre 1987 y 1989 en el Hospital «Hermanos Ameijeiras¼. RESULTADOS. De 15 pacientes que no deambulaban, 9 recuperaron esa función (60 %). No se halló relación entre el tiempo de la lesión y la recuperación neurológica. La complicación más frecuente fue la infección, y hubo un fallecido. El tiempo promedio de duración de la lesión fue de 11,7 meses, y el tiempo promedio de evolución posoperatoria fue de 10,7 meses. CONCLUSIONES. Se concluyó que la descompresión del canal y la instrumentación vertebral en pacientes con lesiones medulares postraumáticas puede mejorar el estado neurológico de éstos, independientemente del tiempo de lesión preoperatorio.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of present study was to analyze the clinical course of a group of patients presenting with post-traumatic vertebral fractures and added neurologic disorders operated on by transpedicular vertebrectomy and to relate this course to intervening preoperative time. METHODS: An interventional and descriptive study was conducted in 18 patients presenting with post-traumatic paraplegia underwent medullar decompression by transpedicular vertebrectomy and instrumentation using Luque’s technique. Patients were seen in “Hermanos Ameijeiras” Clinical Surgical Hospital from 1987 to 1989. RESULTS: From 15 non-ambulatory patients 9 recovered that function (60%). There was not relation between the lesion time and neurologic recovery. The more frequent complication was the infection with deceased patient. Mean time of lesion duration was of 11,7 months, and the mean time of postoperative course was of 10,7months. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that canal decompression and vertebral instrumentation in patients presenting with post-traumatic lesions, can to improve the neurologic status independently of preoperative lesion time.

INTRODUCTION. Le but de cette étude est d'analyser l'évolution clinique d'une série de patients atteints de fractures vertébrales post-traumatiques et de troubles neurologiques qui ont été opérés par la technique de corpectomie transpédiculaire, et d'associer aussi cette évolution au temps préopératoire écoulé. MÉTHODES. Une étude prospective de 18 patients atteints de paraplégie post-traumatique et traités par décompression médullaire (corpectomie transpédiculaire et instrumentation), selon la technique de Luque, a été réalisée. Les patients ont été soignés entre 1987 et 1989 à l'Hôpital “Hermanos Ameijeiras”. RÉSULTATS. Neuf patients sur quinze ont récupéré cette fonction (60%). Il n'y a pas eu de relation entre le temps de la lésion et la récupération neurologique. La complication la plus fréquente a été l'infection, et un patient est décédé. Le temps moyen de la lésion a été 11,7 mois tandis que le temps moyen de l'évolution postopératoire a été 10,7 mois. CONCLUSIONS. On a conclu que la décompression du canal et la instrumentation rachidienne chez des patients atteints des lésions médullaires post-traumatiques peuvent améliorer leur état neurologique, indépendemment du temps préopératoire de la lésion.

Vertebroplastia percutânea: uma efetiva técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva / Percutaneous vertebroplasty: an effective, minimally invasive surgical technique

OBJETIVO: Apresentar a nossa experiência no Hospital Português da Bahia com a vertebroplastia percutânea, observando a evolução clínica e radiográfica dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, os dados de 25 pacientes com fraturas por compressão dos corpos vertebrais, cinco homens e 20 mulheres com idade entre 65 e 88 anos de idade, submetidos à vertebroplastia percutânea entre 2003 e 2006, observando-se seus resultados e complicações. Os critérios de inclusão consistiram em: dor intensa na coluna vertebral com impotência funcional conseqüente à fratura recente; falha no tratamento conservador - medicação analgésica e fisioterapia - e pacientes com estabilidade clínica compatível com a submissão de procedimento anestésico. Entre os pacientes, 22 apresentavam fraturas resultantes de osteoporose, um era portador de hemangioma, outro apresentou fratura por linfoma e dois sofreram fratura vertebral por mieloma múltiplo. Os pacientes foram acompanhados semanalmente no primeiro mês e a cada três meses, com um mínimo de 12 meses e um máximo de 36 meses após o procedimento percutâneo. A avaliação quanto à dor, atividade de vida diária e necessidade do uso de analgésicos foi realizada por um dos autores, baseada em questionário subjetivo para tal, previamente elaborado. RESULTADOS: Foram observados resultados clínicos de excelentes a bons em 23 pacientes (92 por cento) e regulares a maus em dois pacientes (8 por cento). Houve deterioração por complicação em um caso. Todos os pacientes (100 por cento) retornaram às suas atividades prévias; quatro pacientes (16 por cento) mudaram a prática das suas atividades de vida diárias. CONCLUSÃO: A vertebroplastia percutânea é uma técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva que proporcionou, em nossa casuística, rápido e significativo alívio da dor e melhora da qualidade das atividades de vida diária dos pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento.

OBJECTIVE: To present the authors' experience at the Portuguese Hospital in Bahia, Brazil, with the percutaneous vertebroplasty, showing the clinical and radiographic evolution of the patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the data of 25 patients with compression fracture of the vertebrae, five male and 25 female, ages ranging from 65 to 88 years, submitted to percutaneous vertebroplasty between 2003 and 2006. Results and complications were observed. Inclusion criteria were: intense pain in the spinal column with functional inability as a result of a frequent fracture; failure of the conservative treatment analgesic medication and physiotherapy and patients with clinical stability compatible with submission to anesthetic procedure. 22 of the patients had osteoporotic fractures, one had hemangioma, another had a fracture due to a lymphoma, and two had vertebral fracture due to multiple myeloma. Patients were followed weekly during the first month, and then at three month intervals for a minimum of 12 months and a maximum of 36 months after the percutaneous procedure. Evaluation of pain, daily life activities, and the need to take analgesic medication was performed by one of the authors, based on a subjective questionnaire previously prepared for that purpose. RESULTS: Excellent to good clinical results were seen in 23 patients (92 percent) and regular to poor results were seen in two patients (8 percent). Deterioration due to complication was seen in one case. All patients (100 percent) returned to their prior activities; four patients (16 percent) changed the practice of their daily life activities. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive surgical technique that in our series had quick and meaningful pain relief and improvement in the quality of daily life activities of the patients submitted to this procedure.

Related Factors of Complications of Patients with Acute Spinal Column and Spinal Cord Injury and Early Rehabilitation for Such Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To research the incidence rate,potential etiologic factors,treatment of complications in patients with acute spinal column and spinal cord injury.Methods The date of 543 patients with acute spinal column and spinal injury were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 543 patients,242 cases(44.6%)had complications.The first to third complications were hyponatremia(202 cases,37.2%),urinary tract infections(150 cases,27.6%)and pulmonary infections(54 cases,9.9%)respectively.The incidence rate of hyponatremia and pulmonary infections in patients with complete cervical spinal cord injuries increased obviously.Conclusion Early rehabilitation and active prevention can prevent the complications in patients with acute spinal column and spinal cord injury.

Asymmetric Exercise and Scoliosis: A Study of Volleyball Athletes / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of scoliosis in volleyball athletes and compare this with the prevalence in the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixteen volleyball athletes who had been enrolled in the activity for more than one year were examined for prevalence of scoliosis. The Adams forward bending test was performed with a measurement of the truncal asymmetry using a scoliometer (Orthopaedic System, Inc, USA). Those atheletes who showed more than 5degreesof measurement were selected for an X-ray evaluation. Data from a randomized point prevalence survey of Korean Middle school students (46,428) in Seoul City, which had been performed by our department, was adopted for the control group. RESULTS: Among the 116 volleyball players, 60 (51.7%) showed more than a 5degreesof angle of trunk rotation, whereas controls of middle school students showed 2.5%. Cobb's angle more than 10degrees was 6 (5.17%) in athletes and the control group was 465 (1.0%). Despite higher frequency of prevalence, the Cobb' angle was below 15degrees whereas the control group showed a severe scoliosis which of Cobb's angle reaching to 45degrees. CONCLUSION: Volleyball athletes showed a higher incidence of truncal asymmetry and scoliotic spinal columns than the control group. However, we were able to conclude that asymmetrical muscle development can produce a mild scoliosis. However this doesn't have the potential for a severe progression as found in some cases of idiopathic scoliosis.

A Comparative Study on Evaluation of Physical Impairment Among Revised Evaluation by Medical Association, McBride Disablitlity Evaluation and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment by American Medical Association

In 1992 the Korean Medical Association intended to make revised evaluation and rate of physical impairment based upon rate and evaluation of physical impairment according to National Compensation Law which was composed of 14 subdivisions with various rates of physical impairment. Committee of Evaluation of Physical Impairment in Korean Neurosurgical Society provided revised evaluation of nervous or mental impairment, peripheral never impairment and spinal column impairment. Because McBride Disability Evaluation and Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment by American Medical Association have been used widely in this field the author describe evaluation and rate of physical impairment in each method briefly and compare to revised evaluation by Korean Medical Association in subject of neurologic and spinal impairment.