Enfermedad metastásica de la columna vertebral / Metastatic spine disease

Siendo el cáncer la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo, las metástasis óseas son su tercera localización más frecuente, junto con la columna vertebral, ocupando el 65% de ellas. Lo anterior, sumado a una población envejeciendo y un abismante progreso en los tratamientos de quimio, radio y hormonoterapia, junto con técnicas quirúrgicas cada vez menos invasivas exige abordar este tema. Se realiza una revisión narrativa, con la literatura actual y consensos internacionales en el área, describiendo los factores que generan las metástasis vertebrales, sus síntomas de alarma (dolor y compromiso neurológico), métodos de estudio y diagnóstico (Rx, TAC, RMN, cintigrama óseo, Pet CT, biopsia) y método de clasificación de la compresión medular. Además, se revisan diferentes tipos de puntuación para la toma de decisión quirúrgica y se exponen las técnicas más modernas de tratamiento combinado de cirugía separación más radioterapia esterotáctica que ofrecen menor invasión al paciente con mejores resultados de control local de la enfermedad.

Being cancer the second cause of death in the world, bone metastases are its third most frequent location, along with the spine, occupying 65% of them. The aforementioned, added to an aging population and an abysmal progress in the treatments of Chemo, Radio and Hormone therapy, together with increasingly less invasive surgical techniques requires addressing this issue. A narrative review is carried out, with current literature and international consensus in the area, describing the factors that generate vertebral metastases, their alarm symptoms (pain and neurological compromise), study and diagnostic methods (Rx, CT Scan, MRI, Bone Scan, PET CT, needle Biopsy) and method of classification of spinal compression. In addition, different types of punctuation for surgical decision making are revised and the newer combine treatment with less invasive surgery plus Sterotactic High dose radiation is presented as the todaýs gold standard for the best local control for the Metastatic Spine Disease.

Spondylectomy for Primary Ewing Lumbar Sarcoma in Children / Espondilectomia para sarcoma lombar primário de Ewing em crianças

Abstract Primary Ewing sarcoma in the spine is very rare, and the treatment for it is multidisciplinary. There is no consensus regarding the optimal method of local control; however, en bloc resection is associated with an improvement in survival rates. The authors report a case of a 5-year-old girl who initially presented low back pain, and was diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma after being submitted to imaging studies by radiography, magnetic resonance and bone biopsy. A spondylectomy was performed in accordance with the Euro Ewing protocol. At the three-year follow-up, the patient had no restrictions regarding her daily activities, and there has been no evidence of recurrence to date.

Resumo O sarcoma de Ewing da coluna vertebral é raro, e seu tratamento é multidisciplinar. Não há consenso sobre o método ideal de controle local do tumor; no entanto, a ressecção em bloco com margens negativas está associada a uma melhora da sobrevida. Os autores relatam um caso de uma paciente de 5 anos do sexo feminino que inicialmente se apresentou com dor lombar, tendo sido diagnosticada com sarcoma de Ewing de acordo com o estudo imagiológico por radiografia, ressonância magnética e biópsia óssea. A paciente foi submetida a vertebrectomia após quimioterapia, de acordo com o protocolo Euro Ewing. Aos três anos de seguimento, não apresentou restrições nas atividades da vida diária, e, até o momento, não houve evidência de recidiva.

Hidrocefalia asociada a un condroma vertebral lumbar: presentación de un caso / Hydrocephalus associated with a lumbar vertebral chondroma: presentation of a case

RESUMEN Fundamento: los osteocondromas son tumores benignos del hueso que se localizan por lo general, en esqueleto axial y su vínculo con hidrocefalia es inusitado dadas las características fisiopatológicas de ambas enfermedades. Objetivo: presentar un caso operado de condroma vertebral lumbar que desarrolló una hidrocefalia. Presentación del caso: paciente de 43 años de edad, masculino, que acudió con manifestaciones neurológicas de compresión radicular lumbar que no aliviaban con tratamiento sintomático. Se operó por vía lumbar posterior y se realizó laminectomía estándar con resección quirúrgica de la lesión, se confirmó el diagnóstico de un condroma y un mes posterior a la excéresis apareció una hidrocefalia. Conclusiones: los condromas espinales de localización lumbar son infrecuentes y la aparición de hidrocefalia en el postoperatorio de esta lesión es más inusual.

ABSTRACT Background: osteochondromas are benign tumors of the bone that are located, generally, in axial skeleton and their association with hydrocephalus is infrequent due to physiopathologic characteristics of both diseases. Objective: to present an operated case of lumbar vertebral chondroma that developed a hydrocephalus. Case report: a 43-years-old male patient who came with neurological manifestations of lumbar radicular compression that was not relieved with symptomatic treatment. The surgical resection of the lesion is performed and the diagnosis of a chondroma is confirmed and hydrocephalus appears one month after the surgery. Conclusions: the spinal chondromas of lumbar location are infrequent and the appearance of hydrocephalus in the postoperative period of this lesion is more unusual.