Diferencias morfométricas en el hueso palatino de la oveja (Ovis aries) y la cabra (Capra hircus) / Morphometric palatine differences between sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus)

RESUMEN: Un hueso craneal muy poco estudiado en anatomía veterinaria comparada es el palatino. En nuestro estudio, realizamos la comparación de este hueso entre la oveja (Ovis aries L., 1758) y la cabra (Capra hircus L., 1758), a partir de una muestra de 36 y 17 cráneos respectivamente, y utilizando métodos de morfometría geométrica. Se eligieron un total de 32 puntos (4 hitos y 28 semi-hitos) para analizar la lámina horizontal del hueso palatino. Se reflejaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas tanto para el tamaño como para la forma. En Capra se denota una clara expansión lateral del hueso y rostral y una contracción central, con un acercamiento relativo de los forámenes palatinos, mientras que en Ovis los forámenes están más lateralmente alejados. A nuestro parecer, esta mayor anchura y longitud de la lámina horizontal en Capra se explicaría por una mayor capacidad de frotación del alimento en relación a Ovis.

SUMMARY: Palatine is a cranial bone very less studied in comparative veterinary anatomy. In our study, we performed the comparison of this bone between sheep (Ovis aries L., 1758) and goat (Capra hircus L., 1758), from a sample of 36 and 17 skulls respectively, using methods of geometric morphology. A total of 32 points (4 landmarks and 28 semi-landmarks) were chosen to analyse the horizontal lamina of the palatine bone. Statistically significant differences were reflected for both size and shape. Capra denotes a clear lateral expansion of the bone and rostral and a central contraction, with a relative approach of palatine foramina, while in Ovis foramina are more laterally distant. In our view, this greater width of the horizontal lamina in Capra would be explained by a greater capacity to rub the food compared to Ovis.

Descripción anatómica del cráneo del gato / Anatomic Description of the Cat Skull

Resumen Este artículo tiene como propósito hacer un estudio descriptivo de las estructuras anatómicas del cráneo del gato doméstico (Felis catus). El cráneo, que deriva del griego kranos, "casco" o "yelmo", es una estructura de vital importancia en todo ser vivo vertebrado, debido a que en ella se aloja el encéfalo y los órganos de los sentidos, y es la entrada de órganos que conforman el aparato digestivo y respiratorio. El cráneo está conformado por una variedad de huesos que están fusionados o articulados entre sí y forman el esplacnocráneo y neurocráneo. No es mucha la literatura anatómica que existe en relación con el gato, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en caninos; por esta razón, una descripción en detalle de los segmentos óseos del esplacnocráneo y neurocráneo es un inicio a la profundización anatómica de esta especie.

Abstract This article aims to develop a descriptive study of the skull anatomic structures in home cats (Felis catus). The cranium -from the Greek kranos, "helmet" or "hood"- is a vital structure for every vertebrate living being because it provides the lodge to the encephalon and senses. It also provides the entrance organs to both the digestive and respiratory systems. The cranium is formed by an assortment of bones articulated or joined together thus forming the splanchnocranium and the neurocranium. There is not too much anatomic literature on the cat anatomy, unlike the canines. Therefore, a detailed description of the bone segments in the splanchnocranium and neurocranium is the starting point for an in-depth anatomic study of this species.

Anatomical Features Of Bones And Bony Cavities Of The Ostrich Skull (struthio Camelus)

Background: The morphology of ostrich skeleton was meager rather than fowl for which already a lot of literatureis available. This work attempts to present different views of skull bones of ostrich.Materials and Methods: The present research was carried out on ten heads of adult ostriches. The obtainedheads were collected from different ostrich slaughtered houses at Alexandria. The preparations of bones wereperformed by maceration technique. Two head was radiographed at Surgery Department, Faculty of VeterinaryMedicine, Zagazig University.Results: Ostrich skull consists of two parts; neurocranium and splanchnocranium which are separated by twolarge orbital cavities. Neurocranium is composed of single bones (occipital, sphenoid, ethmoidal) and paired(temporal, parietal and frontal) bones. The splanchnocranium consists of single bones (mandible, vomer andhyoid bones) and paired (quadrate, lacrimal, nasal bone, premaxilla, maxilla, Zygomatic (jugal), palatine boneand pterygoid) bones.Conclusion: A significant result was obtained in this work that, there are variations in shape and components ofostrich skull bones in comparison with other birds. The similarity to small domestic birds was almost near toduck and geese rather than fowl and pigeon skulls. Also, there are some variations with large birds like an emu.