Hematoma espontáneo del músculo psoas ilíaco secundario a anticoagulación como causa de muerte: reporte de caso / Spontaneous hematoma of the iliac psoas muscle secondary to anticoagulation as cause of death: case report

Resumen El uso de tromboprofilaxis posterior a las cirugías cervicales es una práctica recomendada a nivel mundial debido a que este tipo de pacientes presentan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar tromboembolismos venoso. Dentro de los efectos adversos de esta terapia se ha descrito la epistaxis, hematuria, formación de hematomas y sangrados. El hematoma espontáneo del músculo psoas iliaco, se considera una entidad poco frecuente, que suele asociarse a alteraciones de la coagulación, hemofilia o discrasias sanguíneas y como terapia anticoagulante, siendo este último la principal causa. En la autopsia médico legal, el hematoma del músculo psoas iliaco, suele ser un hallazgo incidental y en la mayoría de casos no contribuye en la causa de muerte. En el presente artículo se expone el caso de un masculino conocido con una enfermedad renal crónica, el cual desarrolló un hematoma espontáneo del músculo psoas iliaco, secundario al uso de enoxaparina como tromboprofilaxis posterior a una intervención quirúrgica en el cuello, que lo condujo a un shock mixto ocasionándole la muerte.

Abstract The use of thromboprophylaxis after cervical surgeries is a recommended practice worldwide due to the fact that these types of patients have a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolisms. Among the adverse effects of this therapy it has been described epistaxis, hematuria, formation of hematomas and bleeding. Spontaneous hematoma of the iliac psoas muscle is considered a rare entity, which is usually associated with coagulation disorders, hemophilia or blood dyscrasias and anticoagulant therapy, the latter being the main cause. In the medico-legal autopsy, the hematoma of the iliopsoas muscle is usually an incidental finding and in most cases does not contribute to the cause of death. This article describes the case of a male known with chronic kidney disease, who developed a spontaneous hematoma of the iliac psoas muscle, secondary to the use of enoxaparin as thromboprophylaxis after a surgical intervention in the neck, which led to a mixed shock causing death.

Hemofilia adquirida como manifestación inicial de recidiva de adenocarcinoma colorrectal / Acquired hemophilia as the initial manifestation of colorectal cancer's recurrence

Resumen Presentamos el caso de un varón de 86 años con un hematoma espontáneo en el músculo ilíaco izquierdo y diagnóstico previo de cáncer de colon en 1998 (estadio pT3N0M0), tratado quirúrgicamente mediante colectomía transversal, considerado en remisión completa. Tras realización de estudios complementarios se demostró la presencia de autoanticuerpos inhibidores del Factor VIII que confirmaron el diagnóstico de hemofilia adquirida. Durante el ingreso el paciente presentó un sangrado digestivo bajo que conllevó al descubrimiento de recidiva del adenocarcinoma colorrectal tratado previamente. Respondió de forma favorable a la terapia inicial con corticoides sistémicos y el complejo coagulante anti inhibidor que incluye el Factor VII activado [FEIBA].

Abstract We report the case of an 86-year-old man presenting with a spontaneous hematoma in the left iliac muscle and previous diagnosis of colon cancer in 1998 (stage pT3N0M0) treated with transverse colectomy and considered in complete remission. After a complete study, it was possible to identify the presence of Factor VIII inhibitors antibodies that confirmed the presence of acquired hemophilia. During hospitalization the patient presented a lower gastrointestinal bleeding leading to the diagnosis of recurrence of a previously treated colorectal adenocarcinoma. He responded to initial therapy with systemic corticoids and anti-inhibitory coagulant complex which includes activated VII Factor [FEIBA].

Clinical study of acute spinal spontaneous hematoma / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, imaging features, treatments and factors related to prognosis of acute spinal spontaneous hematoma.Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with acute spinal hematoma treated in our hospital from 2011 till now were analyzed retrospectively.Duration of follow-up was 6 months.The factors influencing the prognosis were analyzed.Results Acute epidural hematomas (n=29) were much more common than subdural (n=5), subarachnoid (n=1) and intramedullary (n=3).Most hematomas were located in the cervical and thoracic vertebra regions.The etiology of acute spinal spontaneous hematoma was unknown in most patients.Twenty-nine patients were dealt with surgical intervention and 9 patients were treated conservatively.After 6-month follow up, recovery rate measured by JOA score in patients of spinal injury ASIA level A and B was (51.26 ±38.97), and level C, D and E was (80.33 ±25.83), P<0.05.Recovery rate in patients with hematoma discovered in less then 24 hours treated with surgical decompression was (64.79 ±36.10), and that in those with hematoma present over 24 hours was (34.54 ±30.17), P<0.05.Conclusions Acute spinal hematoma always caused by unknown etiology, and usually manifests itself in a sudden onset of pain and neurological deficits.The early diagnosis mainly depends on MRI.Patients presenting with severe neurologic dysfunction or showing signs of progressive deficit should have immediate surgical intervention. The status of neurological deficits before surgery and the length of interval between onset and surgical intervention are associated with recovery.

Hematoma esofágico espontáneo / Spontaneous esophageal hematoma

El hematoma espontáneo del esófago es una manifestación poco frecuente de lesión esofágica. El dolor torácico, la disfagia y la hematemesis son los síntomas más comunes de presentación, los cuales se resuelven espontáneamente en la mayoría de los casos. El conocimiento de esta patología es importante para un manejo adecuado y evitar así las intervenciones quirúrgicas y tratamientos innecesarios.

Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the esophagus constitutes a rare spectrum of esophageal injuries. Chest pain, difficulty swallowing and hematemesis are the most common symptoms. They resolve spontaneously in most cases. Awareness of this condition is a vital guide for following up these cases and for avoiding inappropriate treatment and unnecessary surgical intervention. We report the case of a patient who presented with chest pain and hematemesis.