Propiedades de la sericina de seda colombiana / Properties of colombian silk sericine / Propriedades da sericina de seda

Resumen Introducción: Colombia produce actualmente seda natural. Durante la transformación de esta a hilos, se retira y descarta la sericina, una proteína que recubre las fibras y que presenta diferentes propiedades que pueden ser aprovechadas industrialmente. Objetivo: Caracterizar la sericina obtenida a partir de hilos de seda colombiana y secada por aspersión. Materiales y métodos: La sericina fue extraída usando agua caliente en autoclave y posteriormente secada por aspersión. La muestra en polvo obtenida se caracterizó mediante pruebas morfológicas (SEM), determinación del punto isoeléctrico, contenido de proteína, actividad antimicrobiana, solubilidad, actividad acuosa (aw) y color. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos por SEM mostraron que se logró remover la mayor parte de sericina presente en los hilos, y que cuando esta se seca adquiere una forma esférica, con superficie rugosa, cóncava y colapsada. Se encontró que la muestra tiene un contenido de proteína y un punto isoeléctrico de 99,50% y 4,07 respectivamente, y no presenta propiedades antimicrobianas frente a los microorganismos estudiados. La solubilidad aumenta con la temperatura, alcanzando un 44,11% ± 5,75 a 90 °C. El aw fue de 0,287 y su color muestra una tendencia al blanco (coordenadas CIELAB: L: 89,55 ± 0,20, a*: +0,44 ± 0,04 y b*: +5,16 ± 0,30). Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que es posible extraer sericina desde hilos de seda usando autoclave, con altos porcentajes de rendimiento. Se observa que la muestra es susceptible de ser secada por aspersión, mostrando características que pueden ser estudiadas con mayor profundidad para evaluar la viabilidad de utilizarla en el desarrollo de diferentes productos.

Abstract Introduction: During Colombian silk transformation to obtain threads, a protein called sericin is removed and discarded. Nevertheless, due to its properties, it should be industrially recovered and used. Objective: Characterize the sericin obtained, through spray drying, from Colombian silk threads. Materials and methods: The sericin was extracted using hot water in autoclave and later spray-dried. Obtained solution was dehydrated in dry spray equipment. The obtained powdered sample was characterized by morphological tests (SEM), isoelectric point and protein content, antimicrobial activity, solubility, aqueous activity (aw) and color. Results: The results obtained by SEM showed that the degumming process extracted the most of sericin from the threads. In addition, it was seen that dehydrated samples have a spherical shape, with a rough, concave and collapsed surface. The protein content and the isoelectric point of sericin were 99.5 % and 4.07, respectively. No antimicrobial properties were observed against the microorganisms studied. The solubility of the protein increased with temperature (44.11 % ± 5.75 at 90 °C), its aw was 0.287, and its color showed a white trend whose CIELAB coordinates are L: 89.55 ± 0.20, a*: +0.44 ± 0.04 and b*: +5.16 ± 0.30. Conclusions: The results show that it is possible to extract sericin from silk threads using autoclave, with high percentages of yield. Additionally, it was observed that the sample is susceptible to be dehydrated by spray drying, showing characteristics that can be studied in greater depth to evaluate the viability of using this protein in the development of different products.

Resumo Introdução: Colômbia produz atualmente seda natural. Durante a transformação desta aos fios, retira-se e descarta-se a sericina, uma proteína que recobre as fibras e que apresenta diferentes propriedades que podem ser aproveitadas industrialmente. Objetivo: Caracterizar a sericina obtida a partir de fios de seda colombianos e secagem por aspersão. Materiais e métodos: A sericina foi extraída usando água quente no autoclave e posteriormente desidratada com secagem por aspersão. A amostra em pó obtida caracterizou-se mediante provas morfológicas (SEM), determinação do ponto isoelétrico, contido de proteína, atividade antimicrobiana, solubilidade, atividade aquosa (aw) e cor. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos pelo SEM amostram que conseguiu-se remover a maior parte da sericina presente nos fios, e quando esta se seca adquire uma forma esférica, com superfície rugosa, côncava e colapsada. Encontrou-se que a amostra tem um contido de proteína e um ponto isoeléctrico de 99,50% e 4,07 respetivamente, e não apresenta propriedades antimicrobianas frente aos microrganismos estudados. A solubilidade aumenta com a temperatura, atingindo um 44,11% ± 5,75 a 90 °C. O aw foi de 0,287 e sua cor mostra uma tendência ao branco (coordenadas CIELAB: L: 89,55 ± 0,20, a*: +0,44 ± 0,04 y b*: +5,16 ± 0,30). Conclusões: Os resultados mostram que é possível extrair sericina desde fios de seda usando autoclave, com altos percentagens de rendimento. Observa-se que a amostra é suscetível de ser desidratada com secagem por aspersão, mostrando características que podem ser estudadas com maior profundidade para avaliar a viabilidade de utilizarla no desenvolvimento de diferentes produtos.

Spray dried aqueous extract of Orthosiphon aristatus Blume (Java tea)

ABSTRACT Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae) is an herb medicinal found mainly in China, Indian and South East Asia. The purpose of this work was to develop a technological process for obtaining dry extract of Orthosiphon aristatus by spray dry. A process for the obtaining of dry extract from aqueous extract of Orthosiphon aristatus was studied. Response Surface Methodology experimental design was applied to evaluate the effects of inlet and outlet air temperature on drying yield (%). Mixture experimental design was applied to evaluate the drying adjuvant - total solids relation. Maltodextrin was evaluated as drying adjuvant. The best results were obtained when applying an inlet temperature of 120 °C and outlet temperature of 80 °C and a drying adjuvant - total solids relation (w/w) of 60:40. Under these conditions it was demonstrated that the process is reproducible scale studied.

Advances in particle engineering techniques for pulmonary drug delivery / 国际药学研究杂志

In recent years,pulmonary drug delivery as an attractive non-invasive administration way has been gaining inten?sive attention. The market for inhalable therapy has constantly grown over past years. Various particle engineering techniques have been employed to exploit the drug particles or drug-loaded particles used for pulmonary delivery with suitable physical properties. Those tailor-made inhalable particles offer the possibility of efficient delivering to lungs and the most optimal therapeutic outcomes. This review highlights the deposition mechanism of particles in lungs and several particle engineering techniques for pulmonary drug delivery,in particular two novel techniques PulmoSphereTM and TechnoSphereTM,which have been used in the marketed products.

Óxidos de colesterol em ovo em pó comercial: ocorrência e efeito do processamento e da adição de tocoferóis no produto armazenado / Cholesterol oxides in commercial egg powder: occurrence and effect of processing and the addition of tocopherols in the product stored

O ovo em pó é amplamente utilizado na indústria de alimentos, sendo reconhecidamente rico em óxidos de colesterol (OsC) devido às altas temperaturas utilizadas durante o processo. O armazenamento em embalagens inadequadas, presença de ar e a alta concentração lipídica do produto são fatores adicionais para sua formação. Os óxidos de colesterol formados, por sua vez, apresentam propriedades biológicas prejudiciais à saúde, relacionadas com a aterogenicidade, citotoxicidade, carcinogenicidade e mutagenicidade, além de outras manifestações que prejudicam a biossíntese do colesterol no organismo e a permeabilidade da membrana celular. Os objetivos do estudo foram caracterizar amostras comerciais de ovo integral em pó e a ocorrência de óxidos de colesterol, avaliar o efeito do processamento por atomização comercial na estabilidade oxidativa do colesterol e de ácidos graxos, e avaliar o efeito da adição de tocoferóis (aditivo comercial) ao ovo em pó armazenado (90 dias) à temperatura ambiente sobre a estabilidade oxidativa do colesterol. Foram encontrados 7-cetocolesterol (7-Ceto) e 25-hidroxicolesterol (25-OH) em todas as marcas analisadas, mas somente o 7-Ceto teve um aumento expressivo durante o armazenamento de até 180 dias, independente da marca. A atomização gerou redução das TBARS e dos carotenóides totais somente em alguns lotes analisados e redução expressiva nos ácidos graxos livres e fenólicos totais em todos os lotes. Com relação aos óxidos de colesterol, não houve o efeito esperado. Houve aumento do 7-Ceto, 7α-hidroxicolesterol e 7β-hidroxicolesterol somente em poucos lotes. A adição do antioxidante (AO) não evitou o aumento das TBARS e dos ácidos graxos livres, ou redução dos carotenóides totais ao longo do tempo (90 dias). Apesar da atomização não causar o efeito esperado nos OsC, o armazenamento aumentou significativamente os valores de 7-Ceto a partir dos 60 dias na maioria dos lotes. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre os valores de...

Egg powder is widely used in food industry, being recognized as rich in cholesterol oxides (Cops) due to the high temperatures used during the process. The storage in inadequate packaging, the presence of air and high lipid concentration of the product are additional factors for their formation. The cholesterol oxides formed have biological properties harmful to health, like atherogenicity, cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, and other events that affect the cholesterol biosynthesis in the body and the membrane permeability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of cholesterol oxides in commercial product, the effect of atomization in the liquid egg, and oxidative stability of cholesterol in egg powder storage with the addition of an commercial antioxidant (GUARDIANTM TOCO 70). It was found 7- ketocholesterol (7-k) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH) in all brands tested, but only the 7-k increased significantly during the storage of up to 180 days, regardless of brand. The spray-dryer generated reduction of TBARS and total carotenoids only in some samples analyzed and significant reduction in free fatty acids and total phenolics in all lots. There wasnt the expected effect for the cops. There was an increase of 7-k, 7α-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol only in a few lots. The addition of antioxidant (AO) did not prevent the increase in TBARS and free fatty acids, or reduction of total carotenoids over time (90 days). Despite the spray-dryer does not cause the expected effect on the Cops, storage significantly increased the values of 7-k from 60 days in most lots. There was no statistical difference between the values of 25-OH due to their high variation. However the addition of AO reduced the formation of some Cops and TBARS in relation to its control over the same period, showing a significant improvement in the final product...

Determination of Astragloside IV in Extraction of Radix Astragali by HPLC-ELSD / 中成药

Objective: To develop a method to determine Astragaloside IV in spray-dry of Radix Astragali by HPLC-ELSD. Methods: ELSD was used to determine directly Astragaloside IV in spray-dry of Radix Astragali on Elite-OSD column, using CH 3CN-H 2O(36∶64) as a mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The temperature of drift tube for ELSD was 105 ?C and the flow rate of N 2 was 2.84 ml/min. Results: The recovery of the added sample was 91.68% and RSD 1.64%. Soluble amylum was helpful for spray-dry but it can influence was determination of Astragaloside IV. Conclusion: The method is accurate and can be used in the determination of Astragaloside IV in spray-dry of Radix Astragali. Better adjuvant should be found.