Progress on the relationship of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 with human diseases and its small-molecule activators / 药学实践杂志

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is one of important factors against from the damage under oxidative stress in human body. A high proportion of East Asians carry ALDH2 inactive mutation gene. There are many diseases closely related to ALDH2, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases. Recent studies also have found that ALDH2 is associated with ferroptosis. Therefore, ALDH2 has becoming a potential target for the treatment of the above related diseases. Several types of small molecule activators with potential value of clinical application have been reported. The research progress on the structure and function of ALDH2 , the relationship with human diseases and its activators were summarized in this paper.

Advances in research on drug-induced ovarian developmental toxicity and mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Improper use of drugs during pregnancy ( such as en¬docrine and nervous system dnjgs) can cause fetal ovarian de¬velopmental toxicity, which induces premature ovarian failure and other related diseases susceptible in adulthood.'Hie mecha¬nism of ovarian developmental toxicity mainly involves abnormal epigenetic modification during fetal period, oxidative stress inju¬ry, intrauterine neuroendocrine development programming, etc.In this paper, the ovarian developmental toxicity and intrauterine programming mechanism of offspring induced by pregnancy med¬ication are systematically reviewed to provide evidence for the prevention and control of ovary-related diseases.

Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for critically ill patients with stress injury / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct a pressure injury risk prediction model for critical patients and verify its prediction effect.Methods:A cohort study was conducted to collect relevant data of critical patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit from February 2019 to September 2019. The occurrence of pressure injuries was used as a dependent variable to conduct a single factor and multiple factor analyses of relevant data and establish predictive models. The risk stratification and predictive effect tests were also performed.Results:There were 329 critical patients and 48 cases of pressure injuries. The single factor analysis of 11 factors showed that blood lactate, body temperature, ICU hospitalization days, Braden score, consciousness state, age and booster drug treatment were the suspicious factors of stress injury, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z value was 2.575-3.694, χ 2 values were 6.800, 30.510, 6.344, P<0.05 or 0.01); The results of the binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent influencing factors for the occurrence of pressure injuries included the patient′s body temperature within 24 hours after entering the ICU, the Braden score, state of consciousness, age and ICU hospitalization duration ( P<0.05 or 0.01). A prediction model was established. The likelihood ratio chi-square proved that the model was statistically significant and fitted well. The sensitivity was 66.7% and the specificity was 72.2%. The risk stratification of the model was performed. The difference between the high-risk group and the low-risk group was statistically significant ( t value was -33.371, P<0.01); the validation set was used to test the prediction effect, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.758. Conclusions:The constructed prediction model is a scientific combination of objective indicators of the clinical characteristics of critical patients, which is statistically significant; the model can predict critical patients’ risks of pressure injuries; it also has a good degree of discrimination, which can provide a theoretical basis for the risk management of critical patients with great clinical application value.

A pressure injury risk prognosis model for severe trauma patients based on Braden scale combined with microcirculation indicators / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:Based on Braden scale, combined with local skin temperature and local tissue oxygen saturation as microcirculation indicators, to construct a pressure injury risk prognosis model for severe trauma patients, and develop a visual nomogram.Methods:All the trauma patients in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) of a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province from June 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020 were selected. The Braden scale was used to assess the risk of pressure injury in the patient and measure the patient’s sacral injury. The skin temperature and blood oxygen saturation at the pressure site were used as indicators for microcirculation evaluation. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to construct a prognostic model and visual nomogram for severe trauma patients with stress injury based on Braden score combined with microcirculation evaluation indicators, and compared with the prediction model constructed by the Braden scale alone. The discrimination degree was judged by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The C index performed internal verification of the model, H-L goodness-of-fit test, and the overall discrimination index to observe and predict the effect of the model.Results:A total of 152 patients were enrolled in this study, of which 33 (21.71%) had pressure injuries. The area under the curve of the Braden scale combined with local skin temperature and local tissue oxygen saturation was 0.866, and the internal verification C index of the model was 0.847. The H-L goodness of fit test result was 8.37 ( P=0.051), indicating that the model had good discrimination and consistency. The overall discrimination index of the model was 0.144 ( P=0.023). Conclusions:The Braden scale combined with local microcirculation indicators to construct a prognostic model of stress injury in severe trauma patients has good discrimination and consistency, and the predictive power of the Braden scale is improved by 14.4%. The construction of a nomogram can provide clinical rapid convenient and reliable forecasting tool.

Protective effect of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation combined with cardiopulmonary resuscitation on post-resuscitation lung injury / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a critical condition that is a concern to healthcare workers. Comparative studies on extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) and conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) technologies have shown that ECPR is superior to CCPR. However, there is a lack of studies that compare the protective effects of these two resuscitative methods on organs. Therefore, we aim to perform experiments in swine models of ventricular fibrillation-induced CA to study whether the early application of ECPR has advantages over CCPR in the lung injury and to explore the protective mechanism of ECPR on the post-resuscitation pulmonary injury. METHODS: Sixteen male swine were randomized to CCPR (CCPR; n=8; CCPR alone) and ECPR (ECPR; n=8; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with CCPR) groups, with the restoration of spontaneous circulation at 6 hours as an endpoint. RESULTS: For the two groups, the survival rates between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05), the blood and lung biomarkers were statistically significant (P<0.05), and the extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability index were statistically significant (P<0.01). Compared with the ECPR group, electron microscopy revealed mostly vacuolated intracellular alveolar type II lamellar bodies and a fuzzy lamellar structure with widening and blurring of the blood-gas barrier in the CCPR group. CONCLUSIONS: ECPR may have pulmonary protective effects, possibly related to the regulation of alveolar surface-active proteins and mitigated oxidative stress response post-resuscitation.

Investigation of acupuncture in improving sleep, cognitive and emotion based on attenuation of oxidative stress in prefrontal cortex in sleep-deprived rats / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To explore whether acupuncture can improve sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment and emotional disorders caused by sleep deprivation, and its association with the attenuation of oxidative stress injury in prefrontal cortex. Methods: Fifty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10), a model group (n=14), a manual acupuncture (MA) group (n=14), and a sham-MA group (n=14). All the groups were established as sleep deprivation models via the modified multiple platform method, except for the control group. Rats in both the MA group and the sham-MA group received corresponding intervention, respectively. After modeling and intervention, the four groups received three behavioral tests, namely sleep monitoring, by comprehensive lab animal monitoring system (CLAMS), Morris water maze (MWM) test and open-field test (OFT), followed by oxygen free radical level test and Western blot (WB) detection for the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2. Results: The MA group derived more sleep time within 24 h than either the model group or the sham-MA group (both P<0.05). On MWM orientation navigation test day 1, there were no significant differences in escape latency among the control, MA and sham-MA groups (P>0.05), and the escape latency was significantly shorter in these three groups than that in the model group (all P<0.05). On test day 4, the escape latency was markedly shorter in the MA group than that in either the model group or the sham-MA group (both P<0.05); meanwhile, the MA group showed significantly better performance compared with these two groups in space probe test (both P<0.05). In OFT, compared with the control group, there was a significant decline in the horizontal movement score in the other three groups (all P<0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the model group and the sham-MA group than that in the MA group (both P<0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) content was markedly higher and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was markedly lower in the MA group than those in the model group and the sham-MA group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group and the sham-MA group, the expression of Bax was significantly lower and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in the MA group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: MA therapy can lengthen the sleep time in sleep-deprived rats and improve learning and memory impairments induced by sleep deprivation, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant capacity in the prefrontal cortex and the inhibition of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.

Risk factors of pressure injury in patients with advanced cancer / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of pressure injury in patients with advanced cancer.Methods:100 patients with advanced malignant tumors who received treatment in The First People's Hospital of Huzhou from January to December 2019 were included in this study. After filling in data registration form, all patients received the first pressure injury risk assessment to assess their skin conditions within 2 hours after admission. At the same time, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), Braden Scale score, serum albumin and hemoglobin levels were determined and assessed. Logistic multiple regression was used to analyze the correlation between various factors and stress injury.Results:Among the 100 patients, five patients had pressure injury. The incidence of hospital-acquired pressure injury was 5.00%. These five patients, consisting of three males (60.0%) and two females (40.00%), were aged 38-89 years. One (20%) patient had stage I pressure injury, three (60%) patients had type II pressure injury, and one (20.00%) patient had non staged injury. Pressure injury was compared between patients at different ages, with different Braden Scale scores, serum albumin and hemoglobin levels, KPS scores ( χ2 = 7.916, 34.657, 5.432, 18.034, 38.922, all P < 0.05). The incidence of pressure injury in patients aged ≥ 70 years with low serum albumin level, low hemoglobin level, KPS score ≤ 30 points, Braden Scale score ≤ 16 points was significantly higher than that in patients aged < 70 years with high serum albumin level, high hemoglobin level, KPS score > 30 points, Braden Scale score > 16 points ( χ2 = 18.034, 5.432, 7.916, 38.922, 34.657, all P < 0.05). Taking pressure injury as the dependent variable and a single factor as the independent variable, correlation analysis results revealed that low serum albumin level, low hemoglobin level, age ≥ 70 years, KPS score ≤ 30 points, Braden Scale score ≤ 16 points were independent risk factors for pressure injury in advanced cancer. Conclusion:KFS score, Braden scale score, serum albumin and hemoglobin levels are closely related to the occurrence of pressure injury in patients with advanced cancer. They are independent risk factors for pressure injury in patients with advanced cancer.

Clinical Study on Effect of Vitamin D3 Combined With Mesalazine in Reparation of Intestinal Mucosal Oxidative Stress Injury in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis / 胃肠病学

Background: The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China increased significantly in recent years. Vitamin D3 might be closely correlated with the development and progress of UC. Aims: To investigate the role of vitamin D3 combined with mesalazine in reparation of oxidative stress injury of intestinal mucosa in patients with UC. Methods: A total of 120 patients with mild or moderate UC from January 2019 to January 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled, and were randomly divided into treatment group (n=60) and control group (n=60). Patients in the treatment group were treated with vitamin D3 combined with mesalazine, and patients in the control group were treated with mesalazine alone. Eight weeks after treatment, the clinical manifestations were observed. Serum oxidative stress [oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and lipid peroxidase (LPO)], intestinal mucosal barrier injury [serum procalcitonin (PCT) and diamine oxidase (DAO)] and Mayo score in the two groups were compared. Results: After 8 weeks treatment, the total effective rate was significantly higher in treatment group than in control group (93.3% vs. 78.3%; χ

Regulation of Buyang Huanwu Decoction extracts on apoptosis and autophagy of PC12 cells model with oxidative stress injury / 中草药

Objective: To explore the underlying mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction extracts on apoptosis and autophagy in PC12 cells model with oxidative stress injury. Methods: Different level oxidative stress injury models with H2O2 at various concentrations were established. The effective concentrations of Buyang Huanwu Decoction extracts were determined by MTT method in the initial stage and the intensifying period after oxidative stress injury. The apoptosis of PC12 cells were evaluated by FCM and TUNNEL, the autophagy situations were observed by TEM and mRFP-GFP-LC3. Furthermore, the proteins of Bax, Bcl-2, Beclin1, LC3A, and LC3B related to apoptosis were determined by Western blotting. Results: The initial stage and the intensifying period of oxidative stress injury cell models were established by H2O2 at the concentration of 1.5 and 2.0 mmol/L, respectively. Compared with the control group, model group appeared increasing apoptosis and autophagy levels, and model group had higher expressions of Bax/Bcl-2, Beclin1, LC3B and lower expression of LC3A (P < 0.05). Compared with the initial stage of oxidative stress injury cell models, Buyang Huanwu Decoction extracts could reduce the Bax/Bcl-2 and restrain apoptosis rates, while the autophagy was activated by up-regulation Beclin1 and LC3B/LC3A (P < 0.05). When the serious apoptosis and excessive autophagy were observed in the intensifying period of oxidative stress injury cells, the extracts could play the protective effect by apoptosis restraining and autophagy alleviating. Conclusion: Buyang Huanwu Decoction extracts can play the protective effects on oxidative stress injury cell models in different period by regulating apoptosis and autophagy.

Prospective cohort study of influencing factors of hip fracture and pressure injury in the elderly / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the incidence and influencing factors of hip fracture and pressure injury in the elderly. Methods A total of 465 elderly patients with a hip fracture diagnosed in the department of orthopedics, Dalian Central Hospital, from October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2017 were selected. According to whether combined with pressure injury, it is divided into stress injury group and non-stress injury group. Compare each group of baseline variables. Logistic single factor and multivariate analysis of baseline variables and combined stress injuries were performed. In the regression analysis, the independent influencing factors of stress injury were finally established as risk factor stratification ROC curves to establish critical risk points. Results Of the 465 patients, 126 had stress injuries (27.1％, 126/465). The age, the normal body mass index, the number of intramedullary nails, the number of catheters, and the number of rehabilitation, the number of fixed limbs, the number of foot pads used, the number of days using foam rubber splint was statistically significant (t=1.63, 3.98, 4.63, χ2=0.45-3.92 , P < 0.05). Bone marrow fixation screws (HR:2.83, 95％CI:1.04-8.02), limb fixation (HR:1.32, 95％CI:0.98-2.32), foam rubber splint days (HR: 3.73, 95％ CI: 1.85-7.62) were influencing factors of stress injury independence (P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with hip fractures, intramedullary fixation nails are used, and postoperative limb fixation is performed. Foam rubber splints are high-risk groups for elderly hip fractures and pressure injuries.

Clinical observation on therapeutic effect of Huangqi granules combined with external therapy in treatment of stress injury / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To observe the effect of Huangqi granules combined with external treatment on the clinical therapeutic effects of typeⅡand Ⅲ stress injuries. Methods A total of 240 patients with typeⅡ andⅢ pressure injuries admitted to the Hengshui People's Hospital from January 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. According to difference in therapeutic methods, the patients were divided into astragalus mongholicus granule group and routine treatment of Western medicine group, with 120 cases in each group. In both groups, the patients were given routine nursing treatment such as air cushion bed, regular body turn-over, nutrition support, health education, etc;in routine Western medicine treatment group, according to the principle of aseptic dressing change, the wounds were treated and covered with foam dressing; while in the astragalus mongholicus granule group, the routine nursing care and sterile dressing as above mentioned were also applied, additionally 3 bags of oral astragalus mongholicus granules mixed with boiled water each time, twice a day (equivalent to 10 g for each bag of Chinese herbal slices), 7 days as one course of treatment; at the same time, the wound was sterilized, debrided and washed with normal saline, and after drying, the rubber Shengji ointment for promoting growth of tissue was evenly spread on the wound and covered with foam dressing. In the two groups, the changes of pressure ulcer healing evaluation scale (PUSH) scores before treatment and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment, as well as the differences in wound healing time and clinical efficacy between the two groups after treatment were observed, and the recurrence rate was followed up for 10 weeks. Results Compared with routine Western medicine group, the Ⅱand Ⅲ wound healing times were significantly reduced in the astragalus mongholicus granule group [the days of wound healing for Ⅱ stress injury (days): 7.81±1.40 vs. 16.52±1.89, the days of wound healing for Ⅲ stress injury (days): 14.60±1.50 vs. 20.23±1.27, both P < 0.05]. With the prolongation of therapeutic time, the PUSH scores of two groups decreased gradually, there was no significant difference in the PUSH scores between the two groups before treatment and 7 days after treatment (both P > 0.05); after 14 days of treatment, the PUSH score of astragalus mongholicus granule group was significantly lower than that of the routine western medicine group (7.82±1.93 vs. 9.96±1.89), and lasted until 28 days (4.16±0.47 vs. 5.29±0.57), the differences being statistically significant (both P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the astragalus mongholicus granule group was significantly higher than that of the routine western medicine treatment group [99.41% (171/172) vs. 74.51% (114/153), P < 0.05], and the recurrence rate of the mongholicus granule group was obviously lower than the routine Western medicine treatment [3.60% (5/139) vs. 17.74% (11/62), P < 0.05]. Conclusion Oral astragalus mongholicus granules combined with myocreatic ointment external therapy can effectively shorten the healing time of type Ⅱand Ⅲ stress injury, improve the cure rate and reduce the recurrence rate.

Protective mechanism of hydrogen on oxidative stress-induced retinal aging / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the protective mechanism of hydrogen on retinal senescence induced by oxidative stress.<p>METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group and treatment group. Animal models of retinal oxidative stress injury were established by injecting sodium iodate solution into mice caudal vein. Harvesting the mice retina, Western-blot was used to detect the level of proteins related to DNA damage response such as ATM, NF-κB, cyclin D1 and HMGB1 that associated with DNA repair.<p>RESULTS: SA-β-gal staining showed that the blue-green deposits in treatment group were reduced than that in model group. The expression of DNA damage reactive protein in treatment group ATM, cyclin D1, NF-κB(0.10±0.009, 0.32±0.01, 0.19±0.002)were significantly lower than those in the model groups(0.77±0.08, 0.70±0.02, 0.36±0.01), and the differences were statistically significant(all <i>P</i><0.01). At the same time, the expression of DNA repair protein HMGB1 in treatment group(0.927±0.06)were notably higher than that in model group(0.383±0.07)and the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.01).<p>CONCLUSION: H₂ can attenuate senescence by inhibiting oxidative-stress induced DNA damage.

Lesión por estrés de la fisis distal del fémur: reporte de un caso y revisión del tema / Distal physis femur stress injury

En este reporte presentamos el caso de un niño de 14 años sin antecedentes mórbidos, que consulta por un cuadro de gonalgia, confirmándose el diagnóstico mediante resonancia magnética (RM) de lesión por estrés de la fisis distal del fémur. La literatura muestra que este tipo de lesiones son frecuentes en pacientes jóvenes deportistas y que el mecanismo que lleva al engrosamiento fisiario se produce por un trauma repetido que genera estrés mecánico y distracción del cartílago de crecimiento. El objetivo de esta publicación es aportar un caso a la literatura y dar a conocer la importancia de la radiología en el diagnóstico precoz de esta enfermedad, para que de esta forma el paciente no presente complicaciones futuras.

In this case report we present a 14-year-old patient with no previous medical history, who asked for knee pain. He was diagnosed with stress injury of the femur physis. The literature shows that this type of injuries are frequent in young athletes and the mechanism that leads to physeal widening is produced by a repeated trauma that generates mechanical stress and distraction of the growth cartilage. The aim of this case report is to show the relevance of radiology in the early diagnosis of this disease preventing future complications.

The effect of contralateral support technology on postural displacement of long-term bedridden patients after turning over / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the effect of contra lateral support technology on the contra lateral postural displacement of long-term bed ridden patients and patients of inability to perform voluntary movements in clinical practice. Methods 100 eligible patients were divided into control group and experimental group according to the admission sequence. 50 patients in the control group use traditional triangle mat to turn over for every 2 hours,and 50 patients in the experimental group use combined mat to turn over at the same frequency. Postural displacement on the patient′s skin and the displacement time were observed for 24 hours and recorded for 6 times. Results The incidence rate of postural displacement, abnormal skin and the mean time of displacement of the control group were 28.67%(86/300),5.00%(15/300),(99.0 ± 18.5)min,and that of the experimental group were 65.33%(196/300),9.00% (27/300),(78.2 ± 31.6)min.The differences between both groups were statistically significant(χ2=80.958, 3.687, t=4.014, all P<0.05). Conclusions With the patient′s muscle strength increasing, the ratio of postural displacement after turning over gradually increases,and the mean time for displacement gradually decreases, increasing the damage on the skin by shear force and the risk of stress injury due to invalid position. However, the contra lateral support technology could reduce the occurrence of postural displacement to a large extent,thus decreasing risk of stress injury.

Role of ERK signaling pathway in dexmedetomidine against mouse neuroblastoma N2a cell injury induced by oxidative stress / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of dexmedetomidine in protecting mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells against oxidative stress injury,and to discuss the effect of ERK signaling pathway.Methods Na2 cell oxidative stress injury model was established by H2O2 treatment.Cells were divided into 5 groups:control group (group C),H2O2group (group H), dexmedetomidine group (group D),H2O2+dexmedetomidine group (group HD),H2O2+dexme-detomidine+ERK inhibitor group (group HDP).Group H,group HD and group HDP were given 200 μmol/L H2O2with or without 100 ng/ml dexmedetomidine and 20 μmol/L ERK inhibitor PD98059,group D was treated with dexmedetomidine at the corresponding point,group C was treated with equal normal saline,After 1,4 hours of H2O2stimulation,cell survival,morphology changes,SOD production and ERK intracellular signaling pathway were compared between groups. Results Compared to group C,N2a cells in the group H demonstrated significantly ruduced cell sur-vival,much worse cell morphology and less SOD production (P<0.05).Compared to group H,N2a cells in group HD demonstrated significantly increased cell survival,much better preserved cell mor-phology,higher levels of SOD and enhanced ERK activation (P<0.05);Compared to group HD, cells in the group HDP had markedly decreased cell survival,worse cell morphology and lower SOD level (P<0.05).No significant changes were found in cell survival,morphology changes,SOD pro-duction and ERK intracellular signaling pathway between the groups C and D.Conclusion Dexme-detomidine protected mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells against oxidative stress injury by regulating ERK activation and SOD production.

Protective effect of salvianolic acid B on cardiomyocytes of suckling rats with oxidative stress injury and its mechanism / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of salvianolic acid B on the cardiomyocytes of the suckling rats with oxidative stress injury, and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: The cardiomyocytes of Wistar suckling rats were primary cultured in vitro and randomly divided into normal control group, model group, low dose of salvianolic acid B group, and high dose of salvianolic acid B group. Except normal control group, the suckling rat cardiomyocytes were induced to oxidative stress injury by being exposed to H2O2 at the dose 100 μmoL · L-1; 20 and 40 μmol · L-1 salvianolic acid B were separatly added into low and high doses of salvianolic acid B groups. After co-culturing for 4 h, the morphological changes of cardiomyocytes were observed by light microscope; the survival rate of cardiomyocytes was examined using MTT. The levels of reductive glutathione (GSH), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cardiomyocytes were detected with spectrophotometry. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) in culture medium were determined by ELISA. Results: Compared with normal control group, the cardiomyocytes in model group partially suspended in the culture medium, the number of adherent cells was decreased, the pseudopod contraction and the volume were decreased, and the self-discipline throb of cardiomyocytes was slow. Compared with model group, the number of cardiomyocytes in 20 and 40 μmol · L-1 salvianolic acid B groups were increased significantly, the pseudopod contraction was reduced, and self-discipline throb was enhanced. Compared with normal control group, the survival rate of cardiomyocytes in model group was decreased (P<0. 01), the level of GSH in cardiomyocytes was decreased (P<0. 01), the level of MDA was increased (P<0. 01), the activity of SOD was decreased (P< 0. 01), and the levels of CK and LDH in culture medium were increased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Compared with model group, the survival rates of cardiomyocytes in 20 and 40 μmol · L-1 salvianolic acid B groups were increased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), the levels of GSH and the activities of SOD were increased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), the levels of MDA were decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), and the CK and LDH levels in culture medium were decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion; Salvianolic acid B can protect the cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress injury, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of lipid peroxidatic reaction and the enhancement of antioxidant ability of cardiomyocytes.

Role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in mediating the inhibitory effect of gastrodin on oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in mediating the protective effect of gastrodin against oxidative stress damage in H9c2 cardiac myocytes.@*METHODS@#H9c2 cardiac myocytes were treated with HO, gastrodin, gastrodin+HO, cyclosporin A (CsA), or CsA+gas+HO group. MTT assay was used to detect the survival ratio of H9c2 cells, and flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to analyze the early apoptosis rate after the treatments. The concentration of ATP and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells were detected using commercial kits. The mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells was detected with laser confocal microscopy. The expression of cytochrome C was detected with Western blotting, and the activity of caspase-3 was also assessed in the cells.@*RESULTS@#Gastrodin pretreatment could prevent oxidative stress-induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, and this effect was inhibited by the application of CsA. Gastrodin significantly lowered the levels of ROS and apoptosis-related factors in HO-exposed cells, and such effects were reversed by CsA. CsA significantly antagonized the protective effect of gastrodin against apoptosis in HO-exposed cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Gastrodin prevents oxidative stress-induced injury in H9c2 cells by inhibiting mPTP opening to reduce the cell apoptosis.

Protective effect of Polygonum orientale flower extract on H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage of HUVEC cells / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of Polygonum orientale flower extract on H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), H₂O₂ was used to induce the oxidativestress damage on HUVEC cells and efforts were made to screen the low, medium and high drug concentrations of P.orientale flower extract. Cell viability was detected by the MTS assay. The content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of superoxidedimutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected by biochemical kits. The mRNA and protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 were detected respectively by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. According to the results, the viability of HUVEC cells was reduced to around 55% after being treated with 120 μmol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 0.5 h. Treatment of H₂O₂ also could increase LDH leakage rate and MDA content and attenuate the activities of SOD and CAT, up-regulate the expression level of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and down-regulate the expression level of Bcl-2. As compared with H₂O₂ model group, P.orientale flower extract of 50-200 mg·L⁻¹ could increase the viability of HUVEC cells, reduce LDH release and MDA content, enhance the activities of SOD and CAT, down-regulate pro-apoptotic protein cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and up-regulate apoptosis inhibitory protein Bcl-2. In summary, P.orientale flower extract showed a protective effect on H₂O₂-induced HUVEC cells injury, which may result from enhancing the cell capability of clearing the oxygen free radial, decreasing the production of lipid peroxidation and inhibiting apoptosis.

Resveratrol protects human sperm against cryopreservation-induced injury / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the effects of resveratrol in the cryopreservation medium on the quality and function of post-thaw sperm.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Semen samples were obtained from 50 normozoospermic and 50 oligoasthenozoospermic men, liquefied and then cryopreserved in the glycerol-egg yolk-citrate (GEYC) medium with or without 30 μmol/L resveratrol. Sperm motility, viability and acrosome reaction (AR) were examined before and after thawing. Sperm lipid peroxidation and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using commercial malondialdehyde (MDA) and the ROS assay kit. Sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA damage were determined by Rhodamine 123 staining and TUNEL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS), total sperm motility, sperm viability, MMP and AR were significantly decreased (P <0.05) while the levels of sperm ROS, MDA and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) remarkably increased in both the normozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia groups after cryopreservation as compared with those in the fresh ejaculate (P <0.05). In comparison with the non-resveratrol control, the post-thaw sperm cryopreserved with 30 μmol/L resveratrol showed markedly higher PMS (［32.7 ± 4.8］ vs ［43.1 ± 6.3］ %, P <0.05), total motility (［44.8 ± 6.9］ vs ［56.9 ± 7.4］ %, P <0.05), viability (［52.3 ± 6.1］ vs ［67.5 ± 5.6］ %, P <0.05), MMP (［56.5 ± 7.0］ vs ［63.4 ± 7.5］ %, P <0.05) and AR (［16.6 ± 3.8］ vs ［26.3 ± 4.7］ %, P <0.05) but lower ROS, MDA and DFI (all P <0.05) in the normozoospermia group, and so did the post-thaw sperm in the oligoasthenozoospermia group, with a particularly lower DFI (［28.5 ± 4.8］ vs ［36.3 ± 5.7］%, P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Resveratrol in the cryopreservation medium can improve the quality and function of post-thaw human sperm by reducing cryopreservation-induced sperm injury and the level of ROS.</p>

The radiation protection role of heparin-SOD conjugate in irradiated mice

ABSTRACT Heparin-SOD conjugate (Hep-SOD) was prepared by modifying Cu,Zn-SOD with heparin. An acute radiation-induced mouse injury model was constructed to study the radiation protection effects of Hep-SOD conjugate. Fifty-six mice were randomly divided into seven groups: (I) normal control group; (II) irradiated control group; (III) positive control group (amifostine group, 300 mg/kg); (IV) SOD group (35000 U/kg); (V) high dosage of Hep-SOD group (70000 U/kg); (VI) medium dosage of Hep-SOD group (35000 U/kg); (VII) low dosage of Hep-SOD group (17500 U/kg). Drugs were intraperitoneally injected into each mouse 1 h before radiation except for the normal control group. All the irradiated groups were irradiated with 6 Gy. Organ indices, haematopoietic function indices, peripheral blood cells, liver function test, oxidative stress state and pathological observation were detected to study the effects of Hep-SOD on irradiated mice. Results showed that bone marrow suppression of irradiated mice could be reduced when treated by Hep-SOD before radiation. Oxidative stress detection and pathological observation of the liver and intestine showed that the damage caused by radiation was relieved when mice were treated with Hep-SOD before radiation. This study shows a new direction to prevent organisms from the damage caused by radiation.