New host and locality records of snake intestinal nematode Kalicephalus spp in Indonesia

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe three species of Kalicephalus found in three species of snake (Ophiophagus hannah, Ptyas mucosus, and Naja Sputatrix) during research on Capture Snake for Trading in Java and Snake Biodiversity in Kalimantan Islands.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with warm 70% alcohol, cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope. Measurements were given in micrometers (µ) as the average of findings, followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Kalicephalus (Costatus) indicus was found from 7 Ptyas mucosus, Kalicephalus bungari from 2 Naja sputatrix and 1 Kalicephalus (Costatus) indicus and Kalicephalus assimilis found from 1 Ophiophagus hannah. The morphology and measurement of three species of Kalicephalus found in this study were close to those described before.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>New finding of host of Kalicephalus (Costatus) indicus and Kalicephalus bungari was a snake species of Naja sputatrix. New records of locality were Kalimantan island as the new locality of Kalicephalus assimilis, and Java island was new locality of Kalicephalus (Costatus) indicus.</p>

New host and locality records of snake intestinal nematode Kalicephalus spp in Indonesia

Objective:To observe three species ofKalicephalus found in three species of snake (Ophiophagus hannah, Ptyas mucosus, andNaja Sputatrix) during research on Capture Snake for Trading in Java and Snake Biodiversity in Kalimantan Islands.Methods: Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with warm70% alcohol, cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope. Measurements were given in micrometers (μ) as the average of findings, followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated.Results:Kalicephalus (Costatus) indicus was found from7Ptyas mucosus, Kalicephalus bungarifrom2Naja sputatrixand1 Kalicephalus (Costatus)indicusandKalicephalusassimilis found from1Ophiophagus hannah. The morphology and measurement of three species ofKalicephalus found in this study were close to those described before.Conclusions:New finding of host ofKalicephalus (Costatus)indicus and Kalicephalus bungari was a snake species ofNaja sputatrix. New records of locality were Kalimantan island as the new locality ofKalicephalusassimilis, and Java island was new locality ofKalicephalus (Costatus)indicus.

Avaliação in vitro do fungo predador de nematoides Duddingtonia flagrans sobre larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos de equinos (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) / In vitro evaluation of nematode predacious fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on cyathostomes infective larvae of equines (Nematoda: Cyathostominae)

A capacidade predatória de um isolado de fungo predador de nematoides Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) sobre larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos foi avaliada em condições laboratoriais em ensaio experimental em meio ágar-água 2% (AA 2%). Houve redução significativa (p < 0,01) de 93,64% na média de larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos recuperadas do meio AA2%, ao final de sete dias. Os resultados desse ensaio evidenciam que o isolado fúngico AC001 poderia ser utilizado no controle biológico de ciatostomíneos de equinos.

The predatory capacity of one isolate of nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on infective larvae of cyathostomes was evaluated in laboratorial conditions in medium water-agar 2% (WA 2%). There was significant reduction (p < 0. 01) of 93.64% in the average of infective larvae of cyathostomes recovered of medium WA 2% at seven day. These results show that the isolated AC001 could be used in the biological control of cyathostomes of horses.

Avaliação in vitro do fungo predador de nematoides Duddingtonia flagrans sobre larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos de equinos (Nematoda: Cyathostominae)

The predatory capacity of one isolate of nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on infective larvae of cyathostomes was evaluated in laboratorial conditions in medium water-agar 2% (WA 2%). There was significant reduction (p 0. 01) of 93.64% in the average of infective larvae of cyathostomes recovered of medium WA 2% at seven day. These results show that the isolated AC001 could be used in the biological control of cyathostomes of horses.

A capacidade predatória de um isolado de fungo predador de nematoides Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) sobre larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos foi avaliada em condições laboratoriais em ensaio experimental em meio ágar-água 2% (AA 2%). Houve redução significativa (p 0,01) de 93,64% na média de larvas infectantes de ciatostomíneos recuperadas do meio AA2%, ao final de sete dias. Os resultados desse ensaio evidenciam que o isolado fúngico AC001 poderia ser utilizado no controle biológico de ciatostomíneos de equinos.