Informe de caso: Anestesia subdural en la paciente obstétrica / Case report: Subdural anesthesia in the obstetric patient

Introduction: Subdural anesthesia is a relatively frequent complication though seldom recognized. It has a broad spectrum of presentations ranging from an unexpectedly high sensory block with limited motor block, to substantial hemodynamic and respiratory involvement. Case presentation: A 22-year old woman undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia with evidence of long-lasting higher than expected sensory block and respiratory distress. Conclusion: Neuraxial anesthesia comprises a number of versatile and safe techniques, though not exempt from complications including subdural anesthesia. We should be aware of this possibility in our clinical practice, know the risk factors and the diagnostic criteria.

Introducción: La anestesia subdural es una complicación de la anestesia neuroaxial relativamente frecuente pero poco reconocida, tiene un espectro de presentación bastante amplio que va desde un bloqueo sensitivo inesperadamente alto con poco bloqueo motor, hasta compromiso hemodinámico y respiratorio importante. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 22 años que es llevada a cesárea con anestesia epidural, con evidencia de bloqueo sensitivo más alto de lo esperado, de larga duración y dificultad respiratoria. Conclusión: La anestesia neuroaxial es un conjunto de técnicas versátiles y seguras, aunque no exentas de complicaciones como lo es la anestesia subdural. En la práctica clínica debemos estar atentos a esta posibilidad, conocer los factores de riesgo y los criterios diagnósticos.

Comparision between Brain Atrophy and Subdural Volume to Predict Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Volumetric CT Imaging Analysis / 대한신경손상학회지

OBJECTIVE: Brain atrophy and subdural hygroma were well known factors that enlarge the subdural space, which induced formation of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Thus, we identified the subdural volume that could be used to predict the rate of future CSDH after head trauma using a computed tomography (CT) volumetric analysis. METHODS: A single institution case-control study was conducted involving 1,186 patients who visited our hospital after head trauma from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014. Fifty-one patients with delayed CSDH were identified, and 50 patients with age and sex matched for control. Intracranial volume (ICV), the brain parenchyme, and the subdural space were segmented using CT image-based software. To adjust for variations in head size, volume ratios were assessed as a percentage of ICV [brain volume index (BVI), subdural volume index (SVI)]. The maximum depth of the subdural space on both sides was used to estimate the SVI. RESULTS: Before adjusting for cranium size, brain volume tended to be smaller, and subdural space volume was significantly larger in the CSDH group (p=0.138, p=0.021, respectively). The BVI and SVI were significantly different (p=0.003, p=0.001, respectively). SVI [area under the curve (AUC), 77.3%; p=0.008] was a more reliable technique for predicting CSDH than BVI (AUC, 68.1%; p=0.001). Bilateral subdural depth (sum of subdural depth on both sides) increased linearly with SVI (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Subdural space volume was significantly larger in CSDH groups. SVI was a more reliable technique for predicting CSDH. Bilateral subdural depth was useful to measure SVI.

Spinal Subdural Hematoma Following Cranial Subdural Hematoma : A Case Report with a Literature Review

Coexistence of cranial and spinal subdural hematomas is rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of cranial and spinal subdural hematomas after previous head trauma. As the pathogenesis of simultaneous intracranial and spinal subdural hematoma yet remains unclear, we developed an alternative theory to those proposed in the literature for their coexistence, the migration of blood through the subdural space.

Clinical value of monitoring subdural intracraniai pressure in post-operative patients with severe brain injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the value of subdural intracranial pressure (ICP) monito-ring in post-operative patients with severe brain injury. Methods A total of 100 patients with severe brain injury treated with craniotomy were randomly divided into ICP monitoring group (n=50) and rou-tine treatment group (n = 50). In ICP monitoring group, the treatment methods were adjusted according to the changes of ICP, whereas the patients in routine treatment group underwent general treatment ac-cording to standard neurosurgical protocol. Results Patients in ICP monitoring group received mannitol for eight days, with the average dosage of 950 g. Marmitol was administered to patients in routine treat-ment group for 12 days, with average dosage of 1 450 g. There was statistical difference in aspects of time duration and mannitol dosage between two groups (P <0.01). Of all patients in ICP monitoring group, four were found with electrolyte disturbance (8%), seven with acute renal failure (14%), four with stress ulcer (8%) and eight with pulmonary infection (16%). The corresponding numbers of patients in routine treatment group were nine (18%), 14 (28%), five (10%) and nine (18%), respectively. The occurrence of electrolyte disturbance and acute renal failure between two groups showed significant statistical difference (P < 0.05), while the occurrence of stress ulcer and pulmonary infection were be-yond of statistical difference between two groups (P > 0.05). The post-operative initial ICP level was positively correlated with mortality rate (P <0.01). All patients were followed up for three months post-operatively. In ICP monitoring group, 27 patients (26%) obtained good prognosis without any disability (54%), 13 were under mild disability, two (4%) under severe disability, three (6%) under vegeta-tive state and five (10%) died . In the routine treatment group, 17 patients (34%) were with good prognosis without any disability , six (12%) with mild disability , six (12%) with severe disability, eight (16%) under vegetative state and 13 (26%) died. The ICP monitoring group had better prognosis than the routine treatment group(P < 0.05). Conclusion Continuous ICP monitoring postoperatively in severe brain injury patients is valuable in reducing mortality, complication and improving the prognosis.

Subdural Tension Pneumocephalus following Burr - hole Irrigation of Traumatic Chronic Subdural Hematoma / 中华创伤杂志

We report 3 cases of subdural tension pneumocephalus following burr - hole irrigation of traumatic chronic subdural hematoma. All of them were cured. Main factors leading to the pneumocephalus may be the damage to the hematoma capsule during operation, unidirection vaives formed from dural leceration and delayed re - expansion of the compressed brain. The clinical feature, CT finding, management and preventive measure of such a complication are also discussed.