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Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de suicídio e a existência de comportamento suicida entre acadêmicos nos estágios inicial, intermediário e final do curso de Medicina de uma universidade particular e analisar os fatores de risco possivelmente associados à ideação suicida nessa população. Materiais e métodos: Foram analisados, em estudo transversal, 376 estudantes. Todos os participantes responderam questionário autopreenchível, por meio da plataforma eletrônica Google Forms, composto por 3 seções: perguntas sobre questões pessoais, perguntas do Questionário de Comportamento Suicida Revisado (Suicide Behavior Questionnaire Revised: SBQ-R) e do Inventário de Ideação Suicida Positiva e Negativa (Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation: PANSI). Resultados: 34% dos alunos eram do 1º ano, outros 34% do 3º ano e 32%, do 6º ano. 71,8% da população do estudo é composta pelo sexo feminino e 39,6% possui idade entre 21 e 24 anos. Na classificação de risco de suicídio segundo o PANSI, 31,7% dos estudantes apresentaram médio risco e 5,3%, alto risco. Na análise por etapa do curso, o 3º ano apresentou-se com maior porcentagem em alto risco (70,0%). De acordo com o SBQ-R, 37,2% dos estudantes da população total apresentaram comportamento suicida. Dentre as variáveis analisadas, orientação sexual, história de bullying na infância, conflito com responsáveis, história familiar de transtorno mental, uso de drogas ilícitas, história de violência sexual e ansiedade autorreferida foram consideradas como fatores de risco para suicídio na população total e na subanálise feita por ano de faculdade. Conclusão: A população do estudo apresenta aumento das taxas de ideação e comportamento suicida em relação a população geral. Assim, é necessária a implantação de medidas dentro das universidades para promover a saúde mental e diminuir aspectos estressantes sobre os acadêmicos. [au]
Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess the risk of suicide and the existence of suicidal behavior among academics in the early, intermediate and final stages of a private medical school, and also to analyze risk factors possibly associated with suicidal ideation in this population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 376 medical students. All the participants answered a self-fillable questionnaire through the electronic platform Google Forms composed of 3 sections: questions about personal issues; questions of the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire Revised (SBQ-R); and of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) Inventory. Results: 34% of the students were in the 1st year of graduation, 34% in the 3rd year, and 32%, in the 6thyear. 71.8% of the population is female and 39.6% are between 21 and 24 years old. In the suicide risk classification according to PANSI, 31.7% of the students were in the medium risk group and 5.3% in high risk group. In the analysis per year, the 3rd year showed a greater percentage of high risk (70.0%). According to the SBQ-R classification of suicide risk, 37.2% of students out of the total population revealed suicidal behavior. Among the analyzed variables, sexual orientation, history of childhood bullying, domestic conflict, presence of mental disorders in family, use of illicit drugs, history of sexual violence and self-reported anxiety were considered as risk factors for suicide. The highlighted results revealed the same pattern when analyzed per year of college. Conclusion: The survey population has increased rates of suicidal negative ideation and behavior compared to the general population. Therefore, it is necessary to implement programs in colleges to promote a greater state of well-being and reduce stressful aspects in academics. [au]
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ObjectiveTo investigate the moderating effect of psychological resilience in relation to depressive symptoms and suicidal risk among adolescents. MethodsThe research is a descriptive survey. A total of 71 137 adolescents were selected from 163 schools in Deyang by stratified cluster sampling. Their psychological resilience， depressive symptoms and suicide risks were measured oneline by using 10-item Connor-davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RICS-10）， Patients’ Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9） and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised （SBQ-R）. The moderating effect of psychological resilience in relation to depressive symptoms and suicidal risk was examined by multivariate stratified regression analysis. Results① The score of CD-RISC-10 was negatively related to PHQ-9 score and SBQ-R score （r=-0.305， -0.268， P<0.01）. ② Psychological resilience significantly moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal risk （β=-0.100， t=-31.716， P<0.01）. ③ In both male and female adolescents， resilience played a significant role in depressive symptoms and suicide risk （β=-0.086， -0.084， t=-17.502， -18.839， P<0.01）. ConclusionPsychological resilience could significantly alleviate the impact of high-level depressive symptoms on suicidal risk among adolescents， and this effects both male and female adolescents.
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Abstract The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the internal structure of the Spanish adaptation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck et al., 1974) given its usefulness and relevance in the prediction of suicidal behaviors. The responses to the scale of 1260 university students (M = 4.79, SD = 4.29) and of a clinical sample in which 150 young people with suicide attempt of high lethality (M = 8.51, SD = 2.38) participated were analyzed. The internal structure of the scale is examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in three phases. In the first phase, the original model is compared with four models found in the different adaptations to Spanish; in the second phase, models that analyze acquiescence are taken into account, and in the third phase, a cross-validation of those models with a clinical population is made. The results indicate that the scale is one-dimensional both in the case of clinical samples (χ2 = 154.84, gl = 135, p <0.001, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03), as well as in the general population. However, for the latter, a method factor was added for the treatment of acquiescence (χ2 = 252.14, gl = 134, p <0.001, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.03). The results show the importance of using analyzes and models that consider the nature of the data and the characteristics of the sample to provide more solid evidence for construct validity.
Resumen El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la estructura interna de la adaptación al español de Escala de Desesperanza de Beck et al. (1974), dada su utilidad y relevancia en la predicción de conductas suicidas. Para esto, se analizaron las respuestas a la escala de 1260 estudiantes universitarios (M = 4.79; DT = 4.29) y de una muestra clínica en la que participaron 150 jóvenes con intento de suicidio de alta letalidad (M = 8.51; DT = 2.38). Se examinó la estructura interna por medio del Análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) en tres fases: en la primera, se comparó el modelo original con cuatro modelos encontrados en las diferentes adaptaciones al español; en la segunda, se tomaron en cuenta modelos que analizan la aquiescencia; y en la tercera, se hizo una validación cruzada de esos modelos con población clínica. Los resultados señalan que la escala es unidimensional tanto en el caso de las muestras clínicas(χ2 = 154.84, gl = 135, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03) como en la población universitaria; sin embargo, a esta última se le añadió un factor de método para el tratamiento de la aquiescencia (χ2 = 252.14, gl = 134, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.03). Los resultados muestran la importancia de utilizar análisis y modelos que consideren la naturaleza de los datos y las características de la muestra para aportar evidencias más sólidas para la validez de constructo.
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Resumen: El objetivo fue establecer la relación del riesgo suicida con la inteligencia emocional y autoestima en una muestra de 1414 estudiantes universitarios de dos ciudades colombianas a partir de un estudio cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental de tipo transversal. Se usaron como instrumentos la Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchik (RS), las versiones adaptadas de Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RAE), y una Ficha sociodemográfica ad hoc. Los resultados evidencian correlaciones estadísticamente significativas (p<.001) positivas entre riesgo suicida, atención emocional y autodesprecio; y negativas (p<.001) entre riesgo suicida, inteligencia emocional, claridad emocional, regulación emocional, autoestima y autoconfianza. Se indica que la inteligencia emocional respecto de la claridad, regulación, autoestima y autoconfianza son factores protectores del riesgo suicida, y, al contrario, la atención emocional y el autodesprecio son factores de riesgo para el suicidio.
Abstract: The objective was to establish of suicidal risk with emotional intelligence and self-esteem in a sample of 1414 university students of two Colombian cities from a quantitative study, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The Plutchik-RS Suicide Risk Scale, the adapted versions of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) and the Rosenberg-RAE Scale of Self-Esteem and an ad hoc Sociodemographic Record was used as instruments. The results show positive statistically significant correlations (p> 0.001) among suicidal risk, emotional attention and self-deprecation; and negative correlations (p> 0.001) among suicidal risk, emotional intelligence, emotional clarity, emotional regulation, self-esteem and self-confidence. We would like to highlight that emotional intelligence regarding clarity, regulation, self-esteem and self-confidence are protective factors of suicidal risk, and conversely, emotional attention and self-deprecation are risk factors for suicide.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Autoimagen , EstudiantesRESUMEN
El adolescente atraviesa un complejo proceso en cuyo telón de fondo está el tipo de apego vivido con sus cuidadores primarios. Numerosas investigaciones de distintas líneas teóricas, demostraron que aumenta los riesgos y la vulnerabilidad a los comportamientos suicidas de los adolescentes cuando provienen de familias disfuncionales o violentas; ya sea violencia en el plano sincrónico o diacrónico. En base a una muestra de 248 adolescentes, 135 presentaron riesgo suicida, y se concluyó que el 77,77% provienen de familias disfuncionales y de ellas, el 60% provienen de familias violentas. Ante las heridas narcisísticas que debe enfrentar el adolescente, si no cuenta con la contención y sostén familiar o social, el riesgo es el pasaje al acto. En ese sentido, la autoagresión se vuelve una defensa ante sentimientos dolorosos e intolerables(AU)
The teenager goes through a complex process whose background is the type of attachment they had with their primary caregivers. Many investigations of different theoretical lines, showed that dysfunctional or violent families increases the risks and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors of teenager; violence in the either synchronic or diachronic plane. Based on a sample of 248 teenagers, 135 presented suicidal risk, and it was concluded that 77,77% come from dysfunctional families and 60% of them come from violent families. Because of the narcissistic wounds that the teenager must face, if he does not have the family or social support, the risk is the passage to the act. In that sense, self-aggression becomes a defense against painful and intolerable feelings(AU)
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Humanos , Adolescente , Suicidio , Familia , ViolenciaRESUMEN
Although antiretroviral therapy appears to prolong the lifespan of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), but the suicidal risk of these people is still significantly higher than the general population. Some PLWH had suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and suicidal plan. The reasons for the high risk among these people mainly include as follows. ①The demographic factors include gender, sexual orientation, age, religion, race, etc. ②The social psychological factors are stressors (stressful or traumatic life events, social or interpersonal problems and mental illness), stigma, hiding HIV history, etc. Social or interpersonal problems include discrimination, social isolation, lack of social support, etc. Mental diseases include depression, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, etc. In order to reduce the suicidal risk of PLWH, the government and related organizations can research and improve these social psychological factors.
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Objective To explore the mediating effect of perfectionism between rumination and par-enting style among undergraduates. Methods The investigation was carried out among 915 college students by random sampling method,using ruminative responses scale(RRS),short-form egma minnenav bardndosna uppforstran(S-EMBU) and college student general perfectionism scale. Results The scores of perfection-ism,rumination and their division dimensions in undergraduates were ( 26. 35 ± 4. 13),( 17. 14 ± 4. 86), (22. 27±4. 64),( 11. 10± 2. 71),( 10. 38± 2. 71) and(43. 75± 8. 37),respectively. Rumination of under-graduates was positively correlated with father rejection,mother rejection(r=0. 23,0. 29,P<0. 01),father overprotection,mother overprotection(r=0. 16,0. 20,P<0. 01) and minding mistakes(r=0. 36,P<0. 01), while negatively correlated with father emotional warmth and mother emotional warmth(r=-0. 07,-0. 09,P<0. 05). Minding mistakes had significantly positive correlations with father rejection,mother rejection(r=0. 12,0. 19,P<0. 01) and father overprotection,mother overprotection ( r=0. 16,0. 12,P<0. 01). Minding mistakes had significantly negative correlations with father emotional warmth and mother emotional warmth (r=-0. 18,-0. 20,P<0. 01). The structural equation model proved that minding mistakes mediated the re-lationship between mother and father rejection and rumination through mediating effect test ( χ2/df=8. 45, RMSEA=0. 091,CFI=0. 96,GFI=0. 97). The mediating effect value was 0. 112(95%CI=0. 048~0. 194), and mediating effect accounted for 28. 95% . Conclusion The mediating effect of minding mistakes is re-markable in father and mother rejection and rumination,and reducing father rejection,mother rejection and perfectionism can reduce rumination among undergraduates.
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BACKGROUND: Social anxiety and suicide are serious common problems in college students. However, there are few studies on the relationship between social anxiety symptoms and suicidal risk. Therefore, we evaluated the associationbetween social anxiety symptoms and suicidal risk in college students.METHODS: A total of 579 college students were recruited for a college-based cross-sectional survey in the Jeju area. The participants completed a questionnaire gathering sociodemographic information; they also completed the Korean Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) to assess social anxiety symptoms and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess depressive symptoms. To obtain information regarding suicidal risk, we administered the Korean version of the Suicide module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.).RESULTS: The prevalence of higher levels of social anxiety symptoms among college students was 28.0% (n=162). A higher level of social anxiety symptoms resulted in a 2.10-times higher suicidal risk after adjusting for depression in college students (95% confidence interval, 1.05-4.23; p=0.037).CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, social anxiety symptoms should be managed and controlled to prevent suicidality in Korean college students.
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Humanos , Ansiedad , Estudios Transversales , Depresión , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Prevalencia , SuicidioRESUMEN
Objective To explore the relationships among negative life events,meaning in life and suicidal risk of college students.Methods A total of 897 students from southern medical university were surveyed by adolescent life events scale (ALES),suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R) and meaningful life measure-Chinese revised (MLM-CR).Results The scores of negative life events,meaning in life and suicidal risk were 1.03±0.88,124.32±20.35 and 4.17± 1.66,respectively.There were 64 (7.1％) college students with high risk of suicide.The overall stress score was positively correlated with total suicidal risk score (r=0.134,P＜0.01).Total suicidal risk score was negatively correlated with total score of meaning in life(r=-0.340,P＜0.01).Moderating effects of meaning in life between negative life events and suicidal risk were significant (P＜0.01).Meaning in life fully mediated the effects of negative life events on suicidal risk (P＜0.01),which accounted for 59.6％ of the total effects.Conclusion Meaning in life as a mediator and moderator between negative life events and suicidal risk.Meaning in life might play protective role in reducing the suicidal risk.
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Resumen Este trabajo es resultado de una investigación empírico-analítica, realizada con un diseño descriptivo-correlacional y de corte transversal. Su objetivo consistió en describir la relación entre niveles de autoestima, riesgo suicida y estilos de socialización parental, para lo cual se aplicaron: la escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, la escala de Desesperanza de Beck, Weissman, Lester y Trexler (1974)y la escala de Socialización Parental ESPA-29. El estudio encontró que la autoestima no se correlaciona de forma importante con el riesgo suicida, y que 6 de cada 10 estudiantes presenta algún tipo de riesgo, que se incrementa cuando los padres son indulgentes o negligentes, y ambos perfiles tienden a la coerción verbal e indiferencia. Otros elementos asociados al riesgo suicida fueron: la aceptación e imposición del dominio parental y un elevado control con afecto negativo, coerciones e imposiciones.
Abstract This work is the result of an empirical and analytical research conducted with a descriptive, cor relational and transversal methodology. Its aim was to describe the relations between self-esteem, suicidal risk and parental socialization styles. In order to achieve the objective these tools were used: the Rosenberg Scale for Self-esteem, the Scale of Despair of Beck, Weissman, Lester and Trexler (1974) and the ESPA-29 scale of Parental Socialization Styles. The study found that self esteem is not significantly correlated with suicidal risk; and that 6 out of 10 students presented some risk, that increases when parents are indulgent or negligents; and both profiles present verbal coercion and indifference inclinations. Other elements associated to suicidal risk were: acceptance and imposition of parent control and a high control with negative effects, coercions and impositions.
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Objective:To explore the moderating effect of emotional regulation strategies between maladaptive perfectionism and suicidal risk in college students.Methods:Totally 1084 college students[mean age(19 ± 1)years old] in Guangdong were surveyed with the maladaptive subscale of the Chinese version of Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(CFMPS,including concern over mistakes,parental criticism and doubts about actions),Emotion regulation Scale(ERS,including cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression),and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised(SBQ-R).Results:The SBQ-R scores were positively correlated with the scores of expressive suppression,maladaptive perfectionism,concern over mistakes,parental criticism and doubts about actions(r =0.14 -0.28,Ps ＜0.01).SBQ-R scores were negatively correlated with the scores of cognitive reappraisal(r =-0.19,P ＜0.01).Maladaptive perfectionism positively predicated suicidal risk(β =0.39,P ＜ 0.001),cognitive reappraisal and the interaction between cognitive reappraisal and maladaptive perfectionism negatively predicated suicidal risk(β =-0.17,-0.14,Ps ＜0.001).Conclusion:It suggests that college students who have higher level of maladaptive perfectionism tend to have higher suicidal risk,and cognitive reappraisal may moderate the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and suicidal risk.
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Objective To characterize hotline callers and related factors in Xiamen psychological aids hotline.Methods The data of 8397 callers who had used hotline were recruited from September 2010 to August 2015.During the calling,the callers were interviewed on their demographic characteristics,main counseling problems and suicidal related factors.Results Among the 8397 callers,1304 (15.5％) were frequent callers.Frequent callers had a high proportion of love and interpersonal problems,learning problems,mental illness problems.After adjusted for demographic characteristics,suicidal ideation or behavior (OR=1.417,95％CI:1.083～1.853),prior suicidal behavior 2 weeks before calling (OR=1.453,95％CI:1.058～1.996),symptoms of mental illness (OR=1.909,95％CI:1.188～3.065) were associated with repeated calls among hotline caller.Conclusion Counselor should pay attention to the suicidal related factors in psychological aids hotline to provide better service for hotline caller.
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Objective To characterize hotline callers and related factors in Xiamen psychological aids hotline.Methods The data of 8397 callers who had used hotline were recruited from September 2010 to August 2015.During the calling,the callers were interviewed on their demographic characteristics,main counseling problems and suicidal related factors.Results Among the 8397 callers,1304 (15.5％) were frequent callers.Frequent callers had a high proportion of love and interpersonal problems,learning problems,mental illness problems.After adjusted for demographic characteristics,suicidal ideation or behavior (OR=1.417,95％CI:1.083～1.853),prior suicidal behavior 2 weeks before calling (OR=1.453,95％CI:1.058～1.996),symptoms of mental illness (OR=1.909,95％CI:1.188～3.065) were associated with repeated calls among hotline caller.Conclusion Counselor should pay attention to the suicidal related factors in psychological aids hotline to provide better service for hotline caller.
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OBJECTIVES: To examine emotional and psychological characteristics associated with suicide attempts in depressed patients. METHODS: A sample of 37 inpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder or depressive disorder NOS was divided into two groups : lifetime suicide attempters(N=15 ; 40.54%), non-attempters(N=22 ; 59.46%). Beck Depression Scale(BDI), Beck Anxiety Scale(BAI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HARS), and MMPI-2 were used to evaluate symptoms severity and psychological characteristics. RESULTS: Suicide attempters scored higher on the BDI though there were no group differences on the HDRS and on the both anxiety scales. Also they showed higher scores on the F, Fb, Pa, RC1, DEP, HEA, PK, AAS among MMPI-2 subscales. Our findings suggest that suicide attempters among depressed patients undergo more severe subjective distress and difficulties in adjustment than non-attempters. Also they were more hostile to others and showed lower trust. Lastly, they showed more somatic complaints and substance related problems. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that suicide attempters among depressed patients have distinct emotional and psychological characteristics. MMPI-2 would be helpful to assess suicidal risk of depressed patients.
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Humanos , Ansiedad , Depresión , Trastorno Depresivo , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Pacientes Internos , Pirrolidinas , Suicidio , Pesos y MedidasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Generally, major depressive disorder (MDD) with psychiatric comorbidities is associated with a high suicide rate. However, this relationship has not been studied much in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the suicidality in MDD with psychiatric comorbidities. METHODS: This study was performed on patients who visited the psychiatric department of three university hospitals in the Gyeongbuk area from March 2008 to September 2011. In total, 776 patients were evaluated with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus), and 288 with MDD were recruited for the study. Suicidality and suicidal risks were evaluated in the MINI-Plus questionnaire. RESULTS: MDD patients with comorbidities had a significantly higher suicidality and suicidal risk than patients with pure MDD. Suicidality was significantly higher in an anxiety disorder group with comorbidity than in the pure MDD group. As the total number of comorbidities got higher, the suicidality increased, and suicidal risks had significant differences depending on the total number of comorbidities. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that an MDD patient with comorbidities has a higher suicidality and suicidal risk. In clinical settings, comorbid MDD patients should be approached with more aggressive psychiatric intervention of their suicidal thoughts and actions.
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Humanos , Trastornos de Ansiedad , Comorbilidad , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Hospitales Universitarios , Corea (Geográfico) , SuicidioRESUMEN
Se presenta un consenso de expertos sobre "La Espiritualidad y Religiosidad como Factor Protector en Mujeres Depresivas con Riesgo Suicida", que se obtuvo utilizando una metodología Delphi. Sus resultados se han organizado en cinco áreas enfocadas en aspectos referentes al diseño de una intervención espiritual/religiosa: a) encuadre; b) características yformación del interventor, c) elementos a resguardar, d) contenidos y e) fases. Se concluye que los aspectos espirituales y religiosos deben considerarse en cada caso, y que un acompañamiento en pacientes creyentes puede mejorar su evolución y prevenir nuevos episodios de de riesgo suicida. En algunos casos la religiosidad pudiera aumentar los montos de culpa, aumentando la severidad y complejidad del cuadro clínico.
This document presents the expert consensus produced by a working meeting in Santiago de Chile during 2010 about "The Spirituality and Religiosity as a protective factor in depressive women with Suicidal Risk". The consensus followed the steps suggested by Delphi methodology. Its results are organized in five areas referent to spiritual/religious interventions: a) setting, b) counselor training, c) elements, d) subjects covered, e) stages. The experts consulted concluded that spiritual and religious aspects need to be considerate in each case, and that in believers can improve progress and prevent relapses at suicidal risk. However in some cases religious can increase the amounts offault, amplifying the severity and complicating the evolution.
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Humanos , Femenino , Religión , Intento de Suicidio , Riesgo , Espiritualidad , DepresiónRESUMEN
Introducción: Este estudio examinó la relación entre el riesgo suicida y la desesperanza, la depresión en las variables sociodemográficas edad, tiempo de condena, tiempo de reclusión y número de reclusiones, en una muestra de internos condenados de una cárcel colombiana. Se comparó a los internos con riesgo suicida y sin riesgo en cuanto a las medias que mostraron en estas variables. Métodos: Diseño descriptivo comparativo y correlacional, en el que participaron 95 varones, entre 19 y 59 años de edad, seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos: La Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchick, la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck y una ficha sociodemográfica. Resultados: El 20% de los participantes presentaba riesgo suicida según la puntuación obtenida en el instrumento utilizado. La comparación entre los participantes con riesgo y sin riesgo suicida, por medio de la prueba ANOVA de un factor, mostró que la media de puntuaciones del primer grupo era significativamente mayor en desesperanza y en depresión. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables sociodemográficas. Un análisis de regresión lineal con ajuste al modelo, evidenció una correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa con desesperanza y depresión y con el número de reclusiones, pero no con las variables sociodemográficas. Conclusión: Los reclusos que presentan riesgo suicida tienen mayores grados y niveles moderados y altos de desesperanza y de depresión y existe una correlación positiva entre el riesgo suicida y estas dos variables...
Introduction: This study examined the relationship between suicidal risk and hopelessness, depression, and the following socio demographic variables: Age, time of conviction, time of reclusion and number of reclusions, in a sample of convicted inmates of a Colombian penitentiary establishment. Also, it compared these variables in inmates with and without suicidal risk. Methods: A comparative descriptive and correlational design was used, in which 95 males participated between the ages of 15 to 59, selected by a simple random sampling. Four instruments were used: The Plutchick Scale of Suicidal Risk, the Beck Scale of Hopelessness, the Beck Depression Inventory and a socio-demographic survey. Results: Twenty percent (20%) of participants presented suicidal risk. Comparison between the participants with suicidal risk and without suicidal risk showed that the media of the first group was significantly higher in hopelessness and depression whereas there were not statistically significant differences with regard to the other variables. A lineal regression analysis evidenced a positive statistically significant correlation with hopelessness, depression and the number of reclusions, but not with the other socio-demographic variables. Conclusion: The results show that the prisoners that present suicidal risk have moderate and high levels of hopelessness and depression, with a positive correlation between suicidal risk and these variables...
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Trastornos de Adaptación , SuicidioRESUMEN
El presente artículo surge de la necesidad de validar, en nuestro medio, series paralelas al Test de Rorschach con el fin de poder reemplazarlo en aquellos casos en que se lo requiera. El incremento de la difusión de esta técnica, fuera del ámbito de la comunidad psicológica, puede derivar en un efecto de aprendizaje que dificulte el uso de la herramienta psicodiagnóstica. En esta publicación se realiza un recorrido a través de las diferentes series propuestas como paralelas al Test de Rorschach y se exponen los resultados de dos investigaciones: una de las cuales corresponde a la serie de Parisi-Pes, creada por la Escuela Romana de Rorschach, poco difundida en nuestro medio pero validada en uno con características socioculturales similares al nuestro (Proyecto UBACyT P039); y la otra, el Test de Zulliger, que se aplica con frecuencia en el ámbito laboral, en ambas versiones, individual y colectiva (Proyecto UBACyT P005).
This article stems from the need to validate Rorschach parallel series at our social environment, in order to replace it when required. The increase in the dissemination of this technique, outside the psychological community, can lead to a learning effect which may prevent this psychodiagnostic tool from being used. This publication is a journey through the different Rorschach parallel series, and the results from two previous researches are being exposed: the first one of those, belongs to the Parisi-Pes series, created by the Roman Rorschach School, not much locally known but it had been validated in a similar social environment (Project UBACyT P039); the other one, the Z Test, is often used at Labor Psychology in both versions, individual and group administrations (Project UBACyT P005).