Producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa en Scopus / Latin American production on formative research in Scopus

Introducción: La producción científica latinoamericana aún no es la esperada. Por ello tiene importancia analizar la actividad científica sobre investigación formativa en esta parte del mundo. Objetivo: Evaluar la producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa en Scopus en el período 2010-2020. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Las unidades de análisis fueron publicaciones sobre investigación formativa en revistas indizadas en la base de datos Scopus durante 2010-2020, y cuya autoría hacía mención a filiaciones de entidades latinoamericanas. Resultados: Se encontró un total de 120 artículos publicados con autoría a afiliaciones de instituciones latinoamericanas. Colombia es el país que contribuye con mayor producción científica sobre este tema, seguido por México, Perú y Brasil, que sobrepasan el 10 por ciento de la producción latinoamericana. En cuanto a la productividad por institución, 83 instituciones internacionales han participado en la producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa, entre los que destacan instituciones de México, Perú y Colombia con 4 y más artículos publicados. Conclusiones: La producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa entre 2010 y 2020 fue de 120 artículos en revistas indizadas en Scopus, con un porcentaje mayoritario de artículos de investigación, procedentes de Colombia, México y Perú. La institución con más producción resultó el Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, y como las revistas con mayor cantidad de artículos aparecieron Q1 y Q2, con presencia de autores peruanos, brasileros y mexicanos(AU)

Introduction: Latin American scientific production is not yet as expected. Therefore, it is important to analyze the scientific activity on formative research in this part of the world. Objective: To evaluate the Latin American production on formative research in Scopus in the period 2010-2020. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study. The units of analysis were publications on formative research in journals indexed in the Scopus database during 2010-2020, and whose authorship mentioned affiliations with Latin American institutions. Results: A total of 120 published articles were found with authorship to affiliations of Latin American institutions. Colombia is the country that contributes with the highest scientific production on this subject, followed by Mexico, Peru and Brazil, which exceed 10 percent of the Latin American production. In terms of productivity by institution, 83 international institutions have participated in the Latin American production on formative research, among which institutions from Mexico, Peru and Colombia stand out with 4 or more published articles. Conclusions: The Latin American production on formative research between 2010 and 2020 was 120 articles in journals indexed in Scopus, with a majority percentage of research articles, coming from Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The institution with the highest production was the National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, and the journals with the highest number of articles were Q1 and Q2, with the presence of Peruvian, Brazilian and Mexican authors(AU)

Resultados del tratamiento funcional de las fracturas del metatarso en las fracturas del primer radio / Results of Functional Treatment of Metatarsal Fractures in First Radius Fractures

Introducción: Las fracturas del metatarso son las lesiones traumáticas más comunes del pie, y las del primer metatarsiano son las cuartas en frecuencia. El tratamiento funcional de las fracturas metatarsianas consiste en el apoyo efectivo y precoz, sin inmovilización del miembro. Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad del tratamiento funcional en las fracturas del primer metatarsiano con los tratamientos convencionales Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, retrospectivo, de casos y controles, en 102 fracturas del primer metatarsiano durante un período de ocho años. La muestra incluyó a pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 16 y 65 años de edad. Se comparó el tratamiento funcional con los tratamientos ortopédico y quirúrgico. Las fracturas fueron clasificadas según su localización, recomendación terapéutica y tratamiento efectuado. Los resultados fueron evaluados en función de la duración de la incapacidad temporal y las complicaciones. Resultados: 48 fracturas fueron tratadas con el método funcional y 41 mediante descarga e inmovilización. Los 13 pacientes con criterio de indicación quirúrgica fueron intervenidos mediante reducción y osteosíntesis. Se obtuvo una menor duración de la incapacidad y menos complicaciones con el tratamiento funcional que con los tratamientos convencionales. Conclusiones: En los últimos años ha aumentado la tendencia a tratar las fracturas metatarsianas de manera conservadora y muchos autores recomiendan el método funcional como tratamiento de elección. Este proporciona una curación más temprana y ocasiona menos complicaciones que los tratamientos convencionales(AU)

Introduction: Metatarsal fractures are the most common traumatic injuries of the foot, and those of the first metatarsal are the fourth in frequency. The functional treatment of metatarsal fractures consists of effective and early support, without limb immobilization. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of functional treatment in fractures of the first metatarsal with conventional treatments. Methods: An analytical, observational, retrospective, case-control study was conducted on 102 first metatarsal fractures over a period of eight years. The sample included patients of both sexes, between 16 and 65 years of age. Functional treatment was compared with orthopedic and surgical treatments. The fractures were classified according to location, therapeutic recommendation and treatment. The results were evaluated according to the duration of the temporary incapacity and the complications. Results: Forty eight fractures were treated with the functional method and 41 by offloading and immobilization. The thirteen patients with surgical indication criteria were operated by reduction and osteosynthesis. A shorter duration of disability and fewer complications were achieved with functional treatment than with conventional treatments. Conclusions: In recent years, the tendency to treat metatarsal fractures conservatively has increased and many authors recommend the functional method as the treatment of choice. This provides earlier healing and causes fewer complications than conventional treatments(AU)

Family Members’ Behaviors toward Terminally Ill Cancer Patients with Communication Difficulties and the Related Support Provided by Medical Professionals

Objective: To clarify family members’ behaviors toward terminally ill cancer patients with communication difficulties and the related support provided by medical professionals. Method: Participants included 15 medical professionals engaged in palliative care (physicians, nurses, and psychologists) and 5 bereaved family members who had cared for terminally ill cancer patients at a hospital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on the following: (1) family members’ behaviors toward the patient and (2) related support provided by medical professionals to family members. The interviews were qualitatively analyzed using category analysis. Results: We identified three categories of family members’ behaviors toward the patient such as behaviors that continue to communicate with the patient as usual, behaviors that assist patients to feel secure and relaxed, We also identified nine categories of the related support provided by medical professionals such as advising family members on how to behave with the patient and providing encouraging feedback to family members on their behaviors toward the patient. Discussion: Our results suggest that medical professionals encouraged family members to continue their behaviors to patients confidently. Support to family members included suggesting behaviors to make it easier for them to put into practice, encouraging the patient and family interaction, and giving feedback on the family member’s behaviors.

Atuação do Professor de Educação Especial no Cenário da Pandemia de Covid-19 / Performance of the Special Education Teacher in the Covid-19 Pandemic Scenario

RESUMO: A atuação qualificada do professor de Educação Especial é condição fundamental para o apoio à inclusão escolar do público-alvo em diferentes contextos escolares. Este estudo objetivou analisar a atuação do professor de Educação Especial no cenário da pandemia da Covid-19. Os dados foram coletados por meio da técnica de grupo focal on-line, com a participação de seis professoras. Das experiências compartilhadas nos encontros, foi possível elaborar três eixos temáticos: Os desafios vividos pelas professoras da Educação Especial; Contextos vivenciados pelas professoras da Educação Especial na escola; e Fortalezas, perspectivas e pontos positivos da inclusão escolar. A inclusão escolar é um projeto coletivo que pressupõe ações coordenadas e exige adesão de todos os segmentos da sociedade civil, não apenas da escola. Os professores de Educação Especial perceberam-se implicados no processo inclusivo, ainda que não haja envolvimento total das equipes educacionais, o que os faz se sentirem isolados e desamparados diante de algumas situações desafiadoras. Compreender o olhar dos professores de Educação Especial oferece subsídios para o planejamento da Educação Especial, na perspectiva da inclusão.

ABSTRACT: The qualified performance of the Special Education teacher is a fundamental condition for supporting the school inclusion of the target population in different school contexts. Tis study aimed to analyze the role of the Special Education teacher in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using the online focus group technique with the participation of six teachers. From the experiences shared in the meetings, it was possible to elaborate three themes: Te challenges experienced by the Special Education teachers; Contexts experienced by the Special Education teachers at school; and Strengths, perspectives and positive points of school inclusion. School inclusion is a collective project that presupposes coordinated actions and requires adherence from all segments of civil society, not just the school. Special Education teachers perceive themselves to be involved in the inclusive process, even though there is no full involvement of the educational teams, which makes them feel isolated and helpless in the face of some challenging situations. Understanding the gaze of Special Education teachers offers subsidies for the planning of Special Education, from the perspective of inclusion.

Entre nós: educação permanente em saúde como parte do processo de trabalho dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica / Among us: permanent health education as part of the work process of the Extended Nuclei for Family Healthcare and Basic Care

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi analisar o processo de trabalho de um Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB), sob as perguntas de quem apoia o apoiador matricial e como esses profissionais aprendem/apreendem seu fazer. A pesquisa estudou o processo de trabalho com os próprios apoiadores de NASF-AB e, articulado às perspectivas da servidão e liberdade em Baruch Spinoza, problematizou como sentem e como agem, evocando o pensamento-afecção e o pensamento-ação. As escolhas metodológicas envolveram a cartografia e o pesquisar-com. Foi possível identificar um comportamento de equipe, promotor da educação permanente em saúde e do necessário coletivo de enunciação que o NASF-AB deve representar. Compreendeu-se que o "apoio aos apoiadores" objetivamente se expressa pelos processos de autoanálise (institucional), providências de educação permanente em saúde (entre pares) e esforço por exaurir medo e esperança para que os afetos apareçam genuínos e encontros vicejem (liberdade). A ação entre pares, no interior do próprio NASF-AB para aprender, apreender e exercer o matriciamento levou à compreensão de que se trata de algo que acontece como um "entre nós" (os próprios apoiadores), investida a perseverança da liberdade ante a servidão.

Abstract The article presents a study aimed to analyze the work process of an Extended Nucleus of Family Health and Primary Care (NASF-AB), questioning: who are those that support the matrix supporter? and how these professionals learn/understand their work? The research studied the work process with the NASF-AB supporters and, articulated with the perspectives of servitude and freedom in Baruch Spinoza, problematized how they feel and how they act, evoking thought-affection and thought-action. Methodological choices involved cartography and research-with. It was possible to identify team behavior that promotes permanent education in the healthcare field and the necessary collective enunciation that the NASF-AB must represent. It can be understood that "support for supporters" is objectively expressed through the processes of self-analysis (institutional), measures of permanent health education (among peers) and efforts to allow fear and hope to be expressed so that affections appear genuine and encounters may thrive (freedom). The action among peers, within the NASF-AB to learn, get ownership and practice the matrix support led to the understanding that it is something that happens as "among us" (the supporters themselves), invested with the perseverance of freedom in the face of servitude.

Creencias sobre la violencia y sus efectos en la prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo / Beliefs about violence and its effects on the prevalence of dating violence

Resumen La violencia en el noviazgo es un fenómeno multifactorial que requiere de estudios que profundicen respecto a los efectos que tienen las creencias culturales en el comportamiento tanto del agresor como de la víctima. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre las creencias acerca de la violencia y la prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 420 estudiantes de dos universidades públicas mexicanas que respondieron el Inventario de creencias acerca de la violencia hacia la esposa, el Inventario de conflictos en las relaciones de noviazgo, y un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica. Los datos recolectados fueron examinados por medio de un análisis de correlación canónica, y los resultados mostraron que el modelo en general fue estadísticamente significativo (Wilks X = .654, F(20, 677.54) = 4.626,p < .05); que el tamaño del efecto del modelo general fue de .346, lo que indica que este explicó el 34.6 % de la varianza compartida por los dos conjuntos de variables; y que, específicamente en la primera función, el coeficiente de mayor magnitud fue el de la variable de justificación de la violencia (r2 s = 76.2; h 2 = 90.0), seguido por la del apoyo que se le puede brindar a la víctima (r2 s = 57.1; h2 = 94.5).

Abstract Dating violence is a multifactorial phenomenon that requires in-depth studies regarding the effects that cultural beliefs have on the behavior of both the aggressor and the victim. With this in mind, the objective of this research was to determine the relationship between beliefs about violence and the prevalence of dating violence. To this end, a sample of 420 students from two Mexican public universities answered the Inventory of Beliefs about Wife Violence, the Inventory of Conflicts in Dating Relationships, and a sociodemographic information questionnaire. The data collected were examined through a canonical correlation analysis, and the results showed that the overall model was statistically significant (Wilks X = .654, F (20, 677.54) = 4.626, p < .05); that the effect size of the overall model was .346, indicating that it explained 34. 6 % of the variance shared by the two sets of variables; and that, specifically in the first function, the coefficient of greatest magnitude was that of the variable of justification of the violence (r2 s = 76.2; h2 = 90.0), followed by that of the support that can be given to the victim (r2 s = 57.1; h2 = 94.5).

A Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva: a Problemática do Profissional de Apoio à Inclusão Escolar como um de seus Efeitos / The National Policy of Special Education In The Inclusive Education Perspective: the Problematics of the Support School Inclusion Professional as One of its Effects

RESUMO: O profissional de apoio à inclusão escolar é a temática deste artigo. Seu objetivo é retomar e analisar a caracterização desse profissional com base nas orientações governamentais e nos documentos legais emanados logo após a publicação da Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva, a fim de compreender o que se espera desse agente e de sua formação no contexto da Educação Especial inclusiva delineado pela citada política. Para tanto, em relação ao desenvolvimento metodológico, adotou-se abordagem qualitativa, conforme os procedimentos técnicos da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Pôde-se constatar que o profissional de apoio à inclusão escolar, cuja designação não é unívoca, tem funções específicas de cuidado e de monitoria dos alunos público-alvo da Educação Especial, considerada a legislação e diretrizes oficiais, não sendo de sua competência questões curriculares e didático-pedagógicas. Do ponto de vista legal e normativo, há um silenciamento quanto à formação exigida para desempenho do cargo, exercido por estudantes universitários ou mesmo por pessoas com nível médio de escolaridade. Tais circunstâncias desqualificam a formação especializada e o papel do professor da Educação Especial na promoção do ensino colaborativo, em nome de alternativas consideradas mais econômicas para as redes públicas de ensino.

ABSTRACT: The support school inclusion professional is the theme of this paper. Its objective is to resume and analyze the characterization of this professional based on government guidelines and legal documents issued shortly after the publication of the National Policy of Special Education in the Perspective of Inclusive Education, in order to understand what is expected of this agent and his/her education in the context of inclusive Special Education outlined by the above policy. Therefore, regarding the methodological development, a qualitative approach was adopted, according to the technical procedures of the bibliographic and documentary research. It was found that the support school inclusion professional, whose designation is not univocal, has specific roles of care and monitoring of target students of Special Education, considering the legislation and official guidelines, but curricular and didactic-pedagogical issues are not within their competence. From a legal and normative point of view, there is a silence regarding the training required for the performance of the position, performed by university students or even people with High School level education. Such circumstances disqualify specialized education and the role of the Special Education teacher in the promotion of collaborative teaching, in the name of alternatives considered more economical for public schools.

Nuevo método para predecir el diámetro mesiodistal de las coronas de caninos y premolares no erupcionados. Estudio Piloto / New Method to Predict Mesiodistal Diameter in Unerupted Canine and Premolars Crown. Pilot Study

RESUMEN: La determinación de la discrepancia de la longitud del arco y del tamaño del diente en la dentición mixta, requiere una predicción precisa del ancho mesiodistal de los dientes permanentes no erupcionados, para prevenir futuras maloclusiones. Objetivo: fue generar una nueva ecuación regresiva para predecir el diámetro mesiodistal de premolares y caninos, usando como predictor incisivos inferiores y molares superiores. Material y método: El estudio se realizó en el Centro Clínico de la Araucanía. La muestra está compuesta por modelos dentales históricos de 200 escolares (93 niños y 107 niñas) de toda la IX región, Chile. Edad de 13-16 años. Las mediciones del ancho mesiodistal de incisivos mandibulares, caninos y premolares maxilares y mandibulares, se realizaron con la ayuda del calibrador Vernier calibrado a 0,01 de un milímetro. Resultados: Estos muestran que hay una correlación moderada entre el molar superior y premolares superiores e inferiores. Además, los incisivos inferiores se correlacionan en mayor medida con los caninos superiores e inferiores. No hay diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusión: Se desarrolló una nueva fórmula con un 75% de precisión para predecir el ancho de dientes caninos y premolares en dentición mixta en la población chilena de la región de la Araucanía, siendo mejor que la actual fórmula de Tanaka.

ABSTRACT: Precautionary measures are necessary to prevent a potential irregularity from progressing into a more severe malocclusion. The determination of the tooth size-arch length discrepancy in mixed dentition requires an accurate prediction of the mesiodistal widths of the unerupted permanent teeth to prevent future malocclusions. Objective: The purpose of this study is to generate a new regressive equation to predict the diameter of the cuspid and bicuspid by measuring the wide of lower incisor and upper molar teeth in a Chilean population sample. Matherials and methods: the study was conducted in the Araucanía Clinical Center in Temuco city and the sample was composed of historical dental cast from 200 school children (93 boys and 107 girls), of IX region, Chile. Age group of 13-16 years old. Measurements of the mesiodistal widths of mandibular incisors, maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars were made with the help of Vernier gauge calipers calibrated to 0.01 of 1 millimeter. Results: The results show that there is a moderate correlation between the upper molar and upper and lower premolars. In addition, the lower incisors are correlated to a greater extent with the upper and lower canines. There are no significant differences between men and women. Conclusion: A new formula with 75% accuracy was developed to predict the width of canine teeth and premolars in mixed dentition in the Chilean population of the Araucanía region. This formula is better than the current Tanaka method.

The Factors Associated with a Support for Their Understanding of Prognosis by Visiting Nurses of Patients with End-stage Cancer

Purpose: We aimed to clarify the factors associated with the support for their understanding of prognosis by visiting nurses of patients with end-stage cancer likely involves a patient’s wish to die in a desired place. Methods: A cross-sectional nationwide anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among visiting nurses at 1000 randomly selected home care agencies. Results: Three hundred seventy-four surveys were analyzed. An explanation of the prognosis with regard to daily life was provided to 27.8% of patients. Factors associated with the support given by nurses included notifying patients of a limited prognosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.22; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.81-5.73), recognition of the support by the nurse (OR, 2.12; 95%CI, 1.02-4.43), nurses’ recognition of the patients’ need for a support (OR, 1.54; 95%CI, 1.08-2.21), and having experience in providing home care for at least five patients with end-stage cancer per year (OR, 1.78; 95%CI, 1.04-3.05). Conclusions: The findings suggested that promoting the aforementioned four items is necessary to allow patients their wish to die in a desired place and for visiting nurses to support for their understanding of prognosis.

Challenges in the end-of-course paper for nursing technical training / Desafíos del trabajo de conclusión de curso en la formación del técnico de enfermería / Desafios do trabalho de conclusão de curso na formação do técnico de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the opinion of Nursing Technical Training students on the stages of construction of the End-of-Course Paper. Method: A cross-sectional study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. A total of 94 students participated from a Nursing Technical course of an institution in the State of São Paulo. A questionnaire was used with assertions, followed by a "Likert Scale" and open field for additional comments. Results: The students gave a positive evaluation of the stages involved in completing the paper, but negative responses regarding the time available and obligatory nature (38%). Nevertheless, they understood the essence of the task, in order to foster personal and professional growth; with perspectives to advance in other modalities of the course. Conclusion: It is important that course administrators and professors are prepared to support their students, aiming at an effective transformation for the way of thinking and practice in health care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la opinión de los estudiantes de la Enseñanza Técnica de Enfermería sobre las etapas de construcción del trabajo de conclusión de curso. Método: Estudio transversal, con abordaje cualitativa y cuantitativa. Participaron 94 estudiantes del curso Técnico de Enfermería de una institución del Estado de São Paulo. Fue utilizado un cuestionario con asertivas, seguidas por una "Escala Likert" y campo abierto para comentarios adicionales. Resultados: Los estudiantes evaluaron positivamente la realización de las etapas de trabajo de conclusión de curso, excepto el tiempo disponible y su obligatoriedad. Ellos asimilaron la esencia de la construcción de ese trabajo, en el sentido de propiciar crecimiento personal y profesional, con perspectivas para avanzar en otras modalidades de curso, aunque 38% no concuerde con la obligatoriedad de esa construcción. Conclusión: Es importante que gestores y docentes estén preparados para apoyar a los estudiantes, visando la efectiva transformación en la manera de pensar y reaccionar en salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a opinião dos estudantes do Ensino Técnico de Enfermagem sobre as etapas de construção do trabalho de conclusão de curso. Método: Estudo transversal, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Participaram 94 estudantes do curso Técnico de Enfermagem de uma instituição do Estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizado um questionário com assertivas, seguidas por uma "Escala Likert" e campo aberto para comentários adicionais. Resultados: Os estudantes avaliaram positivamente a realização das etapas do trabalho de conclusão de curso, exceto o tempo disponível e sua obrigatoriedade. Eles apreenderam a essência da construção desse trabalho, no sentido de propiciar crescimento pessoal e profissional, com perspectivas para avançar em outras modalidades de curso, embora 38% não concorde com a obrigatoriedade dessa construção. Conclusão: É importante que gestores e docentes estejam preparados para apoiar os estudantes, visando a efetiva transformação na forma de pensar e agir em saúde.

Review of Medication Administration Support for Community-dwelling Older People in Japan / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

<p><b>Introduction: </b>To understand the current status of and problems with drug administration support (DAS) for elderly people living in communities, we reviewed the original DAS articles for all healthcare professions.</p><p><b>Methods: </b>We extracted and reviewed original articles published for 15 years from January 2000 in CiNii articles and "Igaku Chuo Zasshi". Key words were as follows: "elderly," "housebound," and "compliance management OR compliance guidance", based on the thesaurus in each database. The extracted articles were reviewed for content.</p><p><b>Result: </b>In all, 34 articles were extracted. The individuals involved in DAS were family members, neighbors, home helpers, nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and devices for compliance support. Care managers were not included as support. The current status of DAS extracted by content analysis was "compliance assistance", "compliance management", and "coordination arrangement". Problems with DAS were "information sharing and inter-professional collaboration", "appropriate prescription plans for abilities and lifestyles of the elderly", and "establishing support for taking medicine".</p><p><b>Conclusion: </b>We found that sharing information and inter-professional collaboration are needed to support drug administration for community-living elderly people in Japan.</p>

Políticas de ensino superior e a graduação em Terapia Ocupacional nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior no Brasil / Higher education politics and the graduation in Occupational Therapy at the Federal Institutions of Higher Education in Brazil

Introdução: Programas que integraram políticas de ensino superior recentemente adotadas no Brasil, em especial o Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais ­ REUNI e o Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde ­ Pró-Saúde, promoveram a ampliação de cursos e vagas em Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) e o redirecionamento da formação de profissionais que atuam na área da saúde, respectivamente, com implicações também para a formação de terapeutas ocupacionais. Objetivo: O objetivo deste texto é apresentar um panorama dos cursos de graduação em terapia ocupacional das IFES e contextualizar seu processo de implantação no âmbito do REUNI e do Pró-Saúde. Método: A partir do levantamento e da análise dos projetos político-pedagógicos de cada um desses cursos, foram entrevistados seus coordenadores. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram que o REUNI teve um grande impacto na área, tendo sido fundamental para o processo de expansão da graduação em terapia ocupacional no Brasil, principalmente para regiões que, até então, não ofertavam cursos públicos nesse âmbito. Por outro lado, o Pró-Saúde não foi uma presença significativa na grande maioria dos cursos estudados; seus reflexos na área foram indiretos. Conclusão: Os cursos estão em consonância com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a graduação em terapia ocupacional; contudo, se evidencia uma necessidade de rediscussão, no interior da profissão, dos elementos que parametrizam essa formação para além do que aparece como central nos discursos e nos documentos, sobretudo, em referência ao posicionamento em torno do que se coloca como um profissional com perfil generalista.

Introduction: Programs that integrate higher education policies recently adopted in Brazil, especially the Program of Support for the Restructuring and Expansion of Federal Universities (REUNI) and the Program National for the Reorientation Professional Training in Health (Pró-Sáude), expanded courses and vacancies in Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES) and redirected the training of professionals working in the health sector, respectively, with implications also for the formation of occupational therapists. Objective: this article aims to present an overview of graduation courses in occupational therapy from IFES and contextualize the deployment process in the context of the REUNI and the Pró-Sáude. Method: We interviewed the courses coordinators based on the survey and analysis of political-pedagogical projects of each of these courses. Results: The results indicated that the REUNI had a big impact in the area which was fundamental to the expansion process to graduation in occupational therapy in Brazil, especially for regions that had not public courses within that framework until then. On the other hand, the Pró-Saúde has not had a significant impact on the vast majority of courses studied; its effect in the area was indirect. Conclusion: The courses are in agreement with the National Curriculum Guidelines for graduation in occupational therapy, however, becomes evident the need for discussion in the profession the elements that parameterize this formation, beyond that which shows up as central in the speeches and documents, mostly in reference of what is posited as a professional with generalist profile.

Challenges of matrix support as educational practice: mental health in primary healthcare / Desafios do apoio matricial como prática educacional: a saúde mental na atenção básica / Desafíos del apoyo matricial como práctica educativa: la salud mental en la atención básica

This study investigated the educational dimension of matrix support practices for mental health within primary care. Using an interpretative-explanatory qualitative approach, professionals involved in matrix support for mental health in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were interviewed. The data were compared with matrix support frameworks with two pedagogical trends: directive and constructivist. The analysis on this content was incorporated with the interviews and two themes could be identified: “matrix supporter’s profile”, and “challenges for construction of matrix supporter’s practice.” The subjects’ perceptions regarding supporters’ competence profiles were coherent with matrix support assumptions, whereas their educational practices related mainly to the directive trend. The challenge of implementing constructivist practice was only partially recognized, since this requires a critical and transformative stance regarding the hegemonic educational practices within healthcare.

Trata-se de investigação sobre a dimensão educacional das práticas de apoio matricial (AM) em saúde mental na atenção básica. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo interpretativo-explicativo, foram entrevistados profissionais envolvidos com AM em saúde mental de um município do interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Esses dados foram confrontados com os referenciais de AM em duas tendências pedagógicas: diretiva e construtivista. A análise deste conteúdo foi incorporada às entrevistas e permitiu a identificação de duas temáticas: “perfil do apoiador matricial”; e “desafios para a construção da prática do apoiador matricial”. A percepção sobre o perfil de competência do apoiador mostrou-se coerente com os pressupostos do AM, ao passo que suas práticas educacionais apresentaram-se predominantemente vinculadas à tendência diretiva. O desafio para uma prática construtivista foi parcialmente constatado, uma vez que requer uma posição crítica e transformadora frente às práticas educacionais hegemônicas presentes na saúde.

Se trata de una investigación sobre la dimensión educativa de las prácticas de apoyo matricial (AM) en salud mental en la atención básica. A partir de un abordaje cualitativo, se entrevistaron profesionales envueltos en AM en salud mental de un municipio del interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Esos datos se confrontaron con los datos referenciales de AM en dos tendencias pedagógicas: directiva y constructivista. El análisis de este contenido se incorporó a las entrevistas y permitió la identificación de dos temáticas: “perfil del apoyador matricial” y “desafíos para la construcción de la práctica del apoyador matricial”. La percepción sobre el perfil de competencia del apoyador se mostró coherente con las presuposiciones del AM, sus prácticas educativas se presentaron predominantemente vinculadas a la tendencia directiva. El desafío para una práctica constructivista se constató parcialmente, puesto que requiere una posición crítica y transformadora ante las prácticas educativas hegemónicas presentes en la salud.

Qualis of technical production: metric development for manuals / Qualis de produção técnica: desenvolvimento de métricas para manuais

There are few authors focused on the study of preparing manuals criteria, often criticized for methodological rigor of the information. However, it is interesting to understand what is going wrong; to understand prognosis in self-handling; in prevention of complications; in identifying better services and information; in encouraging the pursuit of excellence in the healthcare. In its preparation should be valued the basic requirements of a manual, which are: 1) wrote in simple words, being concise, efficient, clear with index or table of contents; 2) using the existing institutional rules; 3) being flexible; and 4) having ongoing process of review, update and distribution. In the process of evaluation of Medicine III manuals may have the following stratification: M4 - 100 points: when there is ISBN registration and disclosure in other languages; M3 - 75 points: registration with the ISBN only in our country; M2 - 50 points: registered in regional libraries; M1 - 25 points: manual use for inter-departmental or intra-institutional groups; M0 - 0 point: use of manual in intra-departmental teaching. In conclusion, it is known that the use of manuals is focused to the ones who do not know the subject; however, it is also an important tool that can minimize errors, avoid professional misconduct, optimize resources, and at the end allowing assessment of the subject at hand.

Poucos são os autores que se debruçam no estudo dos critérios de elaboração de manuais, sendo muitas vezes criticados pelo rigor metodológico das informações. Contudo, eles são interessantes no entender o que é errado, compreender prognóstico, na autoassistência, na prevenção de complicações, para identificar melhores serviços e informações, motivando a busca pela excelência no atendimento assistencial. Em sua elaboração devem ser valorizados os requisitos básicos de um manual, que são: 1) conter redação simples, concisa, eficiente e clara, contendo índice ou sumário; 2) utilizar as normas institucionais vigentes; 3) serem flexíveis; e 4) ter processo contínuo de revisão, atualização e distribuição. No processo de avaliação da Medicina III poderá ter os seguintes estratos: M4 – 100 pontos: registro no ISBN e divulgação em outros idiomas; M3 – 75 pontos: registro no ISBN apenas em nível nacional; M2 – 50 pontos: registrado em bibliotecas regionais; M1 – 25 pontos: manual de uso intrainstitucional por grupos interdepartamentais; M0 – 0 ponto: manual de uso intradepartamental ou de ensino. Em conclusão, sabe-se que o uso de manuais está destinado a quem não sabe do assunto; no entanto, trata-se de ferramenta importante que pode minimizar erros, consolidar condutas, otimizar recursos, permitindo avaliação criteriosa e aprofundada do tema em pauta.

Analysis of the needs of clinicians returning to clinical practice: / 医学教育

Introduction and Methods: An immediate effect of the physician shortage is the return to clinical work by physicians who had earlier left. Therefore, the needs of returning physicians were examined by means of a self-administered questionnaire. The subjects were clinicians working in Gunma Prefecture.<br>Results: About 50% of female physicians and 25% of male physicians had left clinical practice. The reasons given for leaving were “studying abroad” for most male physicians and “pregnancy and child-rearing” for most female physicians. More than 70% of physicians who had left clinical work felt uneasy about returning. The degree of anxiety after returning did not differ significantly between male and female physicians. Problems encountered by returning physicians involved “changes in medicines,” “changes and progress in technology and medical theories,” and deterioration of their “skills and techniques.” Moreover, returning physicians felt a need for increased “practical skills training.”<br>Discussion: Our study has clarified the needs of physicians returning to clinical work. The development and adoption of a simple system that will help physicians return to clinical practice is required.

Avaliação da efetividade de um curso a distância, via intranet: o caso do Banco do Brasil / Effectiveness evaluation of distance learning, via intranet: the case of Bank of Brazil

A presente pesquisa objetiva testar um modelo de avaliação de um treinamento a distância, mediado por intranet,em ambiente corporativo, e foi realizada em duas etapas. A primeira visa construir e verificar evidências de validade do instrumento de Impacto do Treinamento no Trabalho em Profundidade. A Etapa 2 identifica variáveis preditoras de Impacto do Treinamento no Trabalho, em profundidade e amplitude. O curso avaliado foi o Crédito Pessoa Física, oferecido pelo Banco do Brasil para seus funcionários. Foram aplicados quatro questionários - Estratégias de Aprendizagem, Suporte à Aplicação do Treinamento, Impacto do Treinamento no Trabalho (profundidade e amplitude) - em 541 funcionários. Foram realizadas análises de componentes principais, fatoriais e de consistência interna, bem como de regressão múltipla padrão e stepwise. Os resultados indicaram que a escala contém 14 itens (α = 0,96, cargas fatoriais entre 0,55 e 0,91) e que o participante que percebeu maior suporte à aplicação do treinamento e utilizou com mais frequência as estratégias de aprendizagem foi também aquele que relatou maior ocorrência de impacto do treinamento no trabalho, em profundidade e amplitude. Contudo, o perfil dos respondentes precisa ser comparado com o perfil da população treinada, visando à avaliação dos limites e possibilidades de generalização dos achados.

The aim of this research was to test an evaluation model of distance learning training mediated by intranet, in a corporate environment, which was accomplished in two steps. The first was to construct and check the evidence of validity of the instrument "Work Training Impact in Depth." The second identified predictors of Work Training Impact in depth and breadth. The course "Individual Credit," offered by Bank of Brazil for its employees, was evaluated. Four questionnaires - Learning Strategies, Support for Implementation of Training, Work Training Impact (depth and breadth) - were sent to 541 employees. Principal component analysis, factor analysis, and internal consistency analysis were run, as well as standard and stepwise multiple regression. The results indicate that the scale contains 14 items (α = 0.96, factor loadings between 0.55 and 0.91) and that the participant who perceived greater support for the implementation of training, and used learning strategies more frequently, also reported a higher incidence of Work Training Impact, in depth and breadth. However, the profile of respondents should be compared with the trained population profile in order to evaluate the limits and possibilities of generalization of the findings.

Trabalhador-doente e sua família: dinâmica, convivência e processo de retorno ao trabalho / The sick worker and his family: dynamics, relationship and return to work process / Trabajador-enfermo y su familia: dinámica, convivencia y proceso de regreso al trabajo

Diversos fatores biopsicossociais contribuem para o absenteísmo prolongado, dentre estes as dinâmicas que acontecem na interação do cotidiano familiar. Sabe-se que a família tem um papel destacado no processo de reabilitação do trabalhador-doente. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as interações e práticas dos membros da família construídas na convivência com o servidor-doente da UFBA que contribuem ou dificultam a sua recuperação e seu retorno ao trabalho. Recorreu-se a uma abordagem etnográfica com elementos da etnometodologia, envolvendo seis famílias de servidores afastados do trabalho por mais de três meses. Utilizaram-se entrevistas em profundidade e diário de campo. O material empírico foi analisado buscando reconhecer as ações práticas construídas no processo de adoecimento, afastamento do trabalho e convivência na família, dando-se particular atenção às falas sobre os cenários de interação no cotidiano. Os achados mostram que, durante o período de absenteísmo, as famílias sofreram reestruturação e mudanças nos seus papéis sociais e que a forma de agir e gerenciar, bem como o modo como os membros compartilham o cotidiano tiveram que ser revistos. Os métodos que utilizam para dar suporte e se manterem coesos, a habilidade de resolver problemas, como a economia das perdas e ganhos, foram recursos mobilizados para atenuar as consequências do adoecimento.

Several biopsychosocial factors contribute to prolonged absenteeism, among them the dynamics that occur in the interaction of family life. It is known that the family has a prominent role in the rehabilitation process of the sick worker. Aiming to understand the interactions and practices of family members living with the UFBA sick worker, which contributeor hinder their recovery, conducted a study with an ethnographic approach and elements of ethnomethodology, involving six families of servers out of work for more than three months. We used semi-structured interviews and journal. The empirical data were analyzed with a targeted look at the broad understanding of the practical actions built into the process of illness, absence from work and life in the family, giving particular attention to the speeches on the interaction scenarios in everyday life. The findings show that during the period of absenteeism families experienced restructuring and that changes in their social roles and how to act, manage, and how members share the daily life had to be revised. The methods they use to support and remain cohesive, the ability to solve problems such as economic gains and losses were responsiblefor mitigating the consequences of illness.

Varios factores bio-psicosociales contribuyen al absentismo prolongado, entre éstos,las dinámicas que se producen en la interacción de la vida familiar. Se sabe que la familia tiene um papel destacado en el proceso de rehabilitación del trabajador enfermo. El objetivo de este estúdio fue comprender las interacciones y las prácticas de los miembros de las familias para hacer frente a un trabajador enfermo de la UFBA, que contribuyen o dificultan su recuperación y su regreso altrabajo. Se recurrió a un abordaje etnográfico con elementos de Etnometodología, involucrando a seis familias de trabajadores alejados del trabajo durante más de tres meses. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y diario de campo. Los datos empíricos fueron analizados procurando reconocer las acciones prácticas construidas en el proceso de enfermar, alejamiento del trabajo y la convivência en la familia, prestando especial atención a los discursos sobre los escenarios de interacción en la vida cotidiana. Los resultados muestran que durante el período de ausentismo, las familias sufrieron reestructuración y mudanzas en sus roles sociales y que la forma de actuar y administrar, así como el modo en que los miembros comparten la vida diaria tuvieron que ser revisados. Los métodos que utilizan para apoyar y seguir estando unidos, la capacidad de resolver problemas como la economía de las ganancias y las pérdidas fueron los recursos responsables de atenuar lãs consecuencias de la enfermedad.

Current Status of Meal Box Service Management for Children from Low-income Families During Summer Vacation / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of foodservice management in organizations delivering meal boxes for low-income children during summer vacation. A survey was conducted with persons in charge of meal box production and service of these organizations via mail. Out of 114 questionnaires distributed nationwide, 100 were analyzed (87.8% analysis rate). Over half (53%) of the organizations delivered meal boxes consisting of rice and side dishes while the rest delivered side dishes only. About 81% of the organizations received KRW 3,000 per meal from their local governments and the rest received KRW 3,500. Only 28% of organizations had employed a dietitian. Over one-third (38%) of the respondents were unaware of the official nutritional standard of the foodservice program for low-income children during vacation. Most of the organizations (94%) had menu planned in advance. The average percentage of food cost was 84.1%. Over 40% of the organizations did not keep food samples for sanitation test (43%) and did not take any measures for keeping food temperature during delivery (45%). The organizations delivering rice and side dishes were more likely to be located in cities rather than rural areas and received higher reimbursement rate. The organizations receiving reimbursement of KRW 3,500 or hiring a dietitian were more likely to use standardized recipes, keep food samples for sanitation test, or take measures for keeping food temperature during delivery compared to the counterparts. Respondents reported that increasing reimbursement rate was the most necessary for improving the quality of meal box. This study results showed that the meal box delivery service for low-income children was not properly managed during the vacation, with regards to menu planning and food production. It is recommended that reimbursement rate for meal boxes should be adjusted depending on meal box types and local conditions.

RELEVANCE OF SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROMATION / 体力科学

<b><i>Background</i></b> A behavioral science-based approach is essential for constructing effective intervention programs to promote the shift from a sedentary to active lifestyle. Recently, the influences of social and physical environment on physical activity have been recognized as key factors for promoting physical activity. The present study attempts to identify the social and physical environmental influences associated with physical activity promotion.<b><i>Methods</i></b> We recruited volunteers from a 14,000 population of community-dwelling adults. Seventy-two adults (intervention group : n=35, control group : n=37) participated in the present study. The intervention consisted of 8 sessions for 2 months using <i>The Waseda Walking Program</i>. We assessed social support for exercise, perceived neighborhood environment for walking, stages of change in exercise behavior and physical activity outcomes at baseline and 2 months. Ffifty-seven out of 72 subjects (intervention : n=30, control : n=27) completed all of the intervention including the final questionnaire.<b><i>Results</i></b> There were significant intervention effects on physical activity outcomes, stages of change and perceived neighborhood environment. However, no significant improvement in social support was found. In addition, improvement of perceived physical environment was related to an increase in physical activity.<b><i>Conclusion</i></b> Perceived neighborhood environment for walking would be identified as a key factor to influence an effect of physical activity promotion. On the other hand, social support would be influenced to the earlier stages of change in exercise.