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Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 lockdown has posed new challenges for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including service suspension and reductions in support. Objective To explore the perspectives of caregivers on the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on people with ASD in Mexico. Method 126 caregivers from Mexico completed a survey on the impact of lockdown on people with ASD. Results Suspension of at least one service was reported for 38.9% of subjects, with no significant association being found between symptom worsening and service administration modality. Discussion and conclusion Service suspension for people with ASD in Mexico has been a side effect of the pandemic, negatively impacting their behavior. Results indicate that certain services could be remotely maintained and provided to individuals with ASD in underserved areas.
Resumen Introducción El confinamiento debido a la pandemia por COVID-19 ha implicado nuevos desafíos para las personas con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), incluyendo la suspensión de algunos servicios, y la disminución de los apoyos. Objetivo Explorar las perspectivas de los cuidadores acerca de las repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en las personas con TEA en México. Método 126 cuidadores residentes de México completaron una encuesta acerca del impacto del confinamiento en personas con TEA. Resultados Aunque el 38.9% de los participantes reportó la suspensión de al menos un servicio de salud tras el confinamiento, no hubo asociaciones significativas entre retroceso y modalidad de administración de los servicios. Discusión y conclusión La suspensión de servicios a las personas con TEA en México es uno de los efectos secundarios de la pandemia, y afecta negativamente su comportamiento. Los resultados indican que algunos tratamientos pudieran ser mantenidos remotamente y brindar servicios a personas con TEA en zonas de difícil acceso.
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O presente estudo focou a questão da permanência universidade, e apresenta dois objetivos principais, o primeiro, de ordem psicométrica, é voltado para adaptação e busca de evidências de validade de um instrumento destinado a avaliação da permanência nas universidades, o Questionário de Permanência Acadêmica (QPA). O segundo objetivo apresenta uma aplicação do instrumento ao verificar se os serviços destinados a aumentar as condições de permanência na universidade estudada poderiam ter algum efeito sobre os escores obtidos no instrumento. Análises fatoriais confirmatórias e testes de confiabilidade indicam boas características psicométricas do instrumento. A estrutura de seis dimensões proposta no estudo original foi confirmada. Quanto aos serviços de apoio à permanência oferecido aos estudantes, os resultados indicam que a percepção de obstáculos no acesso a esses serviços e a utilização do apoio psicossocial e pedagógico foram associadas a baixos resultados no QPA. Tendo em vista que as universidades podem diferir em relação aos serviços com foco na permanência que ofertam, indica-se a aplicação do QPA em diferentes universidades. (AU)
The present study focused on academic persistence and had two main aims, the first had a psychometric nature and aimed to adapt of an instrument designed to evaluate academic persistence, the College Persistence Questionnaire (CPQ), and seek evidence of its validity. The second aim was to present a practical use of the instrument, aiming to verify whether the services offered to increase the conditions of persistence in college could have any effect on the students' scores in the instrument. Confirmatory factor analyses and reliability tests indicated good psychometric properties of the instrument. The six-dimensional structure proposed in the original study was confirmed. Regarding the persistence support services offered to the students, the results indicate that the perception of obstacles in the access to these services and the presence of psychosocial and pedagogical support were associated with low results in the CPQ. Given that universities may differ in relation to the persistence-focused services they offer, the investigation using the CPQ in different universities is indicated. (AU)
El presente estudio se centró en el tema de la permanencia universitaria y presenta dos objetivos principales. El primero es de carácter psicométrico y está orientado a adaptar y buscar evidencias de validez del Cuestionario de Permanencia Académica (QPA), un instrumento dirigido a evaluar la permanencia universitaria. El segundo objetivo presenta una aplicación del instrumento para verificar si los servicios destinados a aumentar las condiciones de permanencia en la universidad estudiada podrían tener algún efecto en las puntuaciones obtenidas en el instrumento. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios y los tests de confiabilidad indicaron buenas características psicométricas del instrumento. Se confirmó la estructura de seis dimensiones propuesta en el estudio original. En cuanto a los servicios de apoyo a la permanencia ofrecidos a los estudiantes, los resultados indican que la percepción de obstáculos en el acceso a estos servicios y el uso del apoyo psicosocial y pedagógico se asociaron con bajos resultados en el QPA. Teniendo en cuenta que las universidades pueden diferir en relación a los servicios centrados en la permanencia ofertados, es recomendable la utilización del QPA en diferentes universidades. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Abandono Escolar/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Análisis FactorialRESUMEN
As organizações não governamentais assumem papel essencial na prestação de serviços e apoios a trabalhadores/as do sexo (TS), mas as práticas e fundamentos teóricos e ideológicos dessas intervenções permanecem pouco conhecidos. Neste artigo apresentamos as características da intervenção das 23 instituições que dirigem serviços a TS em Portugal, com o objetivo de explicitar as diferenças e semelhanças patentes nas diversas abordagens, tendo em conta os paradigmas do trabalho sexual a que se encontram associadas. Neste estudo de natureza qualitativa, efetuamos 23 entrevistas e estabelecemos relação entre as instituições e as categorias ideológicas: opressão, empoderamento, polimorfo. Identificamos uma dimensão política em algumas e concluímos que estas categorias influem na intervenção, sendo os serviços bastante semelhantes, centrados sobretudo na redução de riscos/danos decorrentes do TS, existindo apenas duas instituições com respostas de apoio à saída da atividade. Verificamos, ainda, a necessidade de envolver a participação dos/as TS em projetos que lhes são dirigidos.
.Non-governmental organizations play an essential role providing support services for sex workers, however the practical, theoretical and ideological foundations of those services remains poorly known. This article presents the characteristics of the 23 agencies that provide direct services for sex workers in Portugal. We aim to clarify the differences and similarities of the approaches, according to the theoretical paradigms in sex work. In this qualitative study, we carried out 23 interviews with the agencies staff members. We linked the theoretical categories: oppression, empowerment, polymorphous with the services and we found a political dimension in some institutions. We concluded that the ideology has an influence on service typology. The services are quite similar, particularly focusing on harm reduction, and there are only two institutions that help exiting from prostitution. Moreover, participation of the sex workers is required on projects that concern them.
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Humanos , Reducción del Daño , Poder Psicológico , Trabajo Sexual/etnología , Riesgo , Controles Informales de la Sociedad , Organización Social , Apoyo Social , Portugal/etnología , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
Objective This study aimed to understand the experience of family caregivers of elderly people,explore the relationship between responsibility and burden,provide reference and theoretical guidance to the health care provider.Methods Exploratory,descriptive,qualitative design was used and a semi-structure interview Was conducted in a convenience sample of 11 participants.The Colaizzi method of empirical phenomenology Was used for interviewing and anaIyzing data obtained from 11 caregivers.Results Four major themes were found and labeled:husbands and wives,be accompanied till they are old;learning to be filial from confucius;avoiding trouble other family member as less as possible;this is my destiny.Conclusions The findings of the study pointed out that service providers should fully consider the cultural factors and develop support services that better meet the traditional culture.
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This paper analyzes the needs for and feasibilities of information support services at hospital libraries for scientific research.It also explores the major contents of hospital information support services,hoping to find a more reasonable information services model to meet the needs of the rapidlygrowing research projects.
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RESUMEN Objetivo:El presente trabajo busca definir los costos promedios de los servicios brindados por el Hospital Nacional y proveer de información económica puntual a los Departamentos Médicos y Administrativos. Material y Métodos:Es un estudio descriptivo, que utilizando los archivos del Hospital Nacional, define servicios brindados y asigna costos promedios luego de agrupar los gastos correspondientes a cada área, siendo el costo promedio de cada servicio el cociente entre los gastos y el total de servicios brindados por esa área en un año. Resultados:Los resultados son los costos promedios de 28 servicios que brinda el Hospital Nacional. Conclusión:El método utilizado permite obtener datos precisos y útiles para la planificación.
ABSTRACT Objetive:This paper seeks to define the average costs of services provided by the National Hospital and provide accurate financial information to the Medical and Administrative Departments. Material and Methods:It is a descriptive study using the National Hospital files, define services provided and costs allocated to group averages after expenses for each area, with the average cost of each service by dividing the total costs and services provided by that area in a year. Results:The results are the average costs of 28 services provided by the National Hospital. Conclusion: The method allows for accurate and useful data for planning.