As origens do pensamento sistêmico: das partes para o todo / The origins of the systemic thinking: from the parts to the whole

O Pensamento Sistêmico foi reformulado ao longo dos anos, tendo sua base epistemológica modificada. O presente artigo objetiva apresentar os aspectos históricos e epistemológicos que constituem o Pensamento Sistêmico, entendendo-se que esta compreensão teórica é fundamental para a prática dos terapeutas sistêmicos nos mais diversos contextos. Reforçam-se as ideias de que pensar sistemicamente implica reconhecer o sujeito em seu contexto, de que os fatos não são previsíveis e de que o terapeuta/pesquisador faz parte do sistema no qual intervém/estuda. Assim, ao fazer uso do Pensamento Sistêmico, o profissional amplia seu olhar sobre a situação, questiona a problemática apresentada, e trabalha com as pessoas envolvidas alternativas de modos mais funcionais de relacionamento.(AU)

The Systemic Thinking has been reformulated over the years and its epistemological basis has been modified. This theoretical paper aims to present the historical and epistemological aspects of the Systems Thinking, as well as this theoretical understanding is important for the practice of systemic therapists in various contexts. The paper reinforces the idea that thinking systemically involves recognizing the person in a context, that the facts are not predictable and that the therapist/researcher is part of the system in which he/she intervenes or studies. Thus, to make use of systems thinking, the professional expands the vision of the situation, questions the problematic presented, and works more functional modes of relationship with other people involved.(AU)

Applying principles of health system strengthening to eye care.

Understanding Health systems have now become the priority focus of researchers and policy makers, who have progressively moved away from a project-centred perspectives. The new tendency is to facilitate a convergence between health system developers and disease-specific programme managers in terms of both thinking and action, and to reconcile both approaches: one focusing on integrated health systems and improving the health status of the population and the other aiming at improving access to health care. Eye care interventions particularly in developing countries have generally been vertically implemented (e.g. trachoma, cataract surgeries) often with parallel organizational structures or specialised disease specific services. With the emergence of health system strengthening in health strategies and in the service delivery of interventions there is a need to clarify and examine inputs in terms governance, financing and management. This present paper aims to clarify key concepts in health system strengthening and describe the various components of the framework as applied in eye care interventions.