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@#Work can guarantee financial stability and quality of life, foster identity and self-confidence and ensure social wellbeing. Thus, it is vital to understand the motivation and intention to work. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) has been used extensively in theory and research in a wide range of human behaviours. However, research on the efficacy of the TPB in the vocational realm remains limited. This study aims to review the applications of the TPB in work-related intention. Relevant studies were systematically searched using standardised keywords across two databases. Three hundred and sixty-six research articles (n=366) were identified, however, only seven articles (n=7) were eligible to be evaluated in this study using the Assessment for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) tool. All studies confirmed the efficacy of the TPB in explaining work intentions. The explained variance in intention varied from 10% (post-retirement work intention) to 59% (to work with older adults). However, the underlying core constructs of TPB namely attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control (PBC) do not always altogether consistently predict the intention to work. Besides, few review studies have reported variables that are not included in TPB, such as moral obligation, identity, and tenure, which contributed to a significant amount of variance in intention. Overall, the findings of this review indicated that TPB is helpful in understanding work intention. However, further investigation is needed to estimate the extended variables’ performance in explaining intentions and to cover a broader aspect of work intentions.
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Objective@#To put forward the suggestion of the occupational contact limit of tributyl phosphate in the air of the workplace.@*Methods@#Data of production and usage, workers' basic information, occupational history, and physical examinations were collected, and the environmental and individual levels of exposure were monitored using fixed-point and individual sampling. The results of the questionnaire and health examination were statistically analyzed using exact probability method of Fisher in the workers exposed to tributyl phosphate and the control group.@*Results@#The results showed that tributyl phosphate was widely distributed in the workplace of production and using enterprises, and the concentration of tributyl phosphate in packaging area was highest at 2.47 mg/m3, and in feeder nose was highest at 2.13 mg/m3. The discomfort symptoms were classified and results showed that tributyl phosphate exposure group of 136 people, all symptoms of 128 people, accounting for 94.44% of the total, the remaining 5.56% of the staff report had psychiatric symptoms or lethargy and irritability skin itching, the control group had no symptoms. There is or not discomfort symptoms in the tributyl phosphate exposure group and the control group was compared with the exact probability of Fisher, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The results of healthy physical examination of workers exposed to tributyl phosphate and control group were statistically analyzed by the exact probability method of Fisher. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the results of routine internal medical examination, nervous system examination, skin examination, five senses examination, blood routine, urine routine, lung ventilation, and X ray chest fluoroscopy between the tributyl phosphate exposure group and the control group (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The workplace permissible time-weighted tributyl phosphate and short-term exposure limit concentrations in China were set at 2.5 mg/m3 and 5 mg/m3, respectively.
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El desarrollo de generadores radisotópicos solo para uso industrial y de radiotrazadores, a partir de los ya existentes como el de 
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, se ha potenciado en los últimos 10 años como una opción atractiva ante las dificultades de garantizar la disponibilidad de radiotrazadores para aplicaciones en la industria. Teniendo en cuenta que la extracción con la mezcla 30 % TBF-16 % TOA/ciclohexano se utilizó con éxito para adecuar el eluido del generador de / como radiotrazador de fluidos orgánicos, se realizó un estudio de optimización de la composición volumétrica de esta mezcla; se estableció un modelo matemático para predecir el grado de extracción (R %) del , en dependencia de las concentraciones volumétricas de TOA y TBF, para una actividad de 3.1 MBq, y se determinó que, aún reduciendo la concentración volumétrica de TBF al 1 % y la de TOA al 0.3 %, se extrajo el 96.44 ± 0.21 % del 
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The development of radioisotope generators for industrial use, and of radiotracers from those already existing as that of /, has been strengthened in the last 10 years like an attractive option to solve the difficulties in guaranteeing the availability of radiotracers for application in the industry. Extraction with the mixture 30 % TBP-16 % TOA/cyclohexane has been successfully used to adapt the , eluted from / generator, as an organic fluid radiotracer. This work presents an optimization study of volumetric composition of this mixture, to guide the extraction process towards the best cost benefit relation according to necessary activity at a given application. Based on experimental results, a model that predicts extraction yield (R %) as a dependent variable of TOA and TBP volumetric concentrations was established, for 3.1 MBq of . Moreover, the outcomes show that even when TBP volumetric concentration decreases from 30 to 1 % and TOA concentration, from 16 to 0.3 %, the extraction yield was 96.44 ± 0.21%.
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An alternative for radiotracer technique in Cuba, is the use of sodium pertechnate (Na99mTcO4) eluted from 99Mo/99mTc generator. This radioisotope generator is produced by the Cuban Center of Isotopes (CENTIS). Taking into account that solvent extraction is an usual procedure to separate 99mTcO4- from the fission products, this technique was used to get a radiotracer in organic phase from the eluted 99mTcO4-, using 30% TBP-16% TOA/ n-dodecane and 30% TBP-16% TOA/ ciclohexane as solvents. On the other hand, MEK is used as solvent in the so called 99Mo/99mTc extraction radioisotope generator. Consequently, it was also evaluated. In this paper, the influence on the extraction degree, of the volumetric ratio between organic and aqueous phases, the time of phase shaking and the time elapsed between shaking-end and phase separation were studied. Furthermore, in the case of MEK, the influence of NaOH concentration in the aqueous phase was considered. For the extraction using 30% TBP-16% TOA/ciclohexane and 30% TBP-16% TOA/n-dodecane, the influence of pH was also studied. The extraction degree of 99TcO4- eluted from generator using MEK, as well as 30% TBP-16% TOA in n-dodecane or ciclohexane, in adequate conditions, was higher than 99%, so, any of the tested solvents could be used to get a 99mTc radiotracer in organic phase.
Una alternativa para el empleo de la técnica de radiotrazadores en Cuba ha sido el uso del pertecnetato de sodio (Na99TcO4) eluido del generador de 99Mo/99Tc producido en el Centro de Isótopos. Teniendo en cuenta que la extracción se utiliza regularmente para separar al 99mTcO4- de los productos de fisión, se evaluó este método para obtener un radiotrazador en fase orgánica a partir del 99TcO4-, empleando como solventes la mezcla 30% TBF-16% TOA en n-dodecano y en ciclohexano. Por otro lado, la metiletilcetona se utiliza como solvente en el generador radisotópico de extracción de 99Mo/99mTc, por lo que también se evaluó para estos fines. En el trabajo se estudió la influencia de la relación volumétrica de la fase acuosa y la orgánica, del tiempo de contacto en agitación y del tiempo de reposo antes de la separación de las fases, en el grado de extracción del 99mTc. En el caso de la metiletilcetona se evaluó además, la influencia de la concentración de NaOH en la fase acuosa y para la extracción, con 30% TBF-16% TOA en ciclohexano y en n-dodecano, la del pH. El grado de extracción del 99TcO4- eluido del generador empleando, ya sea la metiletlicetona o la mezcla 30% TBF-16% TOA en n-dodecano o ciclohexano, en condiciones adecuadas, fue superior al 99 %; por tanto, cualquiera de los solventes evaluados se puede utilizar para obtener radiotrazadores de 99mTc en fase orgánica.
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The nutritional status of tuberculosis patients (TBP) and controls (CT) was compared among adult (> 20 years) Bengalees in Shyamnagar, Barrackpore, Naihati and Jagaddal of North 24 Parganas District, West Bengal, India. The subjects included 310 men (154 TBP and 156 CT) and 246 women (128 TBP and 118 CT). The mean ages of TBP men was 36.4 years (CT = 34.5) and that of TBP women was 26.4 years (CT = 25.6). Variables compared included weight, height, fat mass, fat mass index, mid-upper arm fat area, and skinfolds. Results revealed that TBP had significantly lower means for all variables (except for height in men) compared to CT in both sexes. In men, the highest percent differences between the two groups were observed for fat mass (FM: 60.1%), fat mass index (FMI: 59.2%) and suprailiac skinfold (SUPSF: 58.8%). In women, the highest percent differences between the two groups were observed for SUPSF (59.7), mid-upper arm fat area (MUAFA: 58.1), triceps skinfold (TSF: 51.4), biceps skinfold (BSF: 51.2), FM (51.2) and FMI (49.0). Regression analyses confirmed that tuberculosis status had significant impact (p < 0.0001) on all anthropometric and body composition characteristics compared (except for height in men) in both sexes. Among men, tuberculosis status explained the highest percent variation in percent body fat (PBF: 57.2%), FMI (56.0%) and FM (55.6%). In women, tuberculosis status explained the highest amount of variation in PBF (67.9), TSF (63.5%), BSF (62.8), FMI (61.0) and FM(60.7). Results of contingency chi-square tests revealed that there were significant differences in the frequency of undernutrition between TBP and CT in men (χ2 = 73.13361) and women (χ2 = 59.0000). The frequencies of undernutrition were significantly more common among TBP, in both men (56.5%) as well as women (51.6%). This study provided evidence that there was significant differential amount of loss in fat and muscle measures in tuberculosis patients.
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Tuberculosis , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
To study the antitumor activity and immunoregulatory effect of Triterpenes isolated from Betula Platyphylla (TBP)Methods: Inhihition rate (IR) on tumor growth was determined by the mice with transplantable tumors (melanoma B16, Sarcoma 180, Lewislung carcinoma and Ehrlich ascites cancer), splenocyte proliferation induced by ConA was measured by H-TdR incorporation; cytotoxicity ofmacrophage was observed by 3H-TdR release; activity of TNF and NK cell was determined by dye (natural red)release. Results: IR of 0.80 g/kg and 1.20 g/kg TBP on all of above tumor strains were greater than30％ in vivo. TBPdoes not show significant effect of splenocyte Prolifera-tion and NK cell activity, but significantly promoted the activity of TNF producted by macroghage and splenocyte. TBP also increase the cyto-toxicity of macrophage. Conclusion:TBP shows potent antitumor effect in vivo. Promoting nonspecific immunoactivity is one of the antitumormechanism of TBP.
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Instability and polymorphism at several CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat loci have been associated with human genetic disorders. In an attempt to identify novel sites that may be possible loci for expansion of CAG/CTG repeats, we searched all human sequences in the EMBL nucleotide sequence database for (CAG)5 and (CTG)5 repeats. We have identified 121 human DNA sequences of known and unknown functions that contain stretches of five or more CAG or CTG repeats. Many repeat stretches were interrupted by variant triplets, a significant number of which differ from the repeat triplet only by a single base, suggesting that these evolved from the parent triplet by point mutations. A large number of human transcription factor genes were found to contain CAG repeats within their coding sequences. Analysis of the EMBL transcription factors database showed that many transcription factor genes of other eukaryotes, including genes involved in Drosophila embryo development, possess these repeats. Interestingly, CAG repeats are absent from prokaryotic transcription factors. Different sequence entries for the human TATA box binding protein showed a polymorphism in the length of the CAG repeat in this gene, suggesting that loci other than those already known to be associated with genetic diseases may be possible sites for repeat instability related disorders. On the basis of our findings in this database analysis, we propose a role for CAG repeats as cis-acting regulatory elements involved in fine-tuning gene expression.