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Objective To explore the TCM pathogenesis based on the analyses of TCM pattern elements. Methods TCM pattern elements of 84 patients with middle-late pancreatic cancer to analyze the TCM disease location and characteristics by their frequency and the contribution scores. Results A total of 84 patients were included, TCM disease location with the top 10 rank of the contribution scores were spleen, stomach, liver, gallbladder, kidney, intestine, lung, heart, spleen, stomach, while they were significantly higher than others (P<0.05). And the TCM pattern elements with the top 5 rank of the contribution scores were qi deficiency, dampness, heat, blood stasis, toxin, while they were significantly higher than others (P<0.01). Conclusions TCM disease locations of middle-late pancreatic cancer were mainly in spleen and stomach, and TCM pattern element were excessive patterns with qi deficiency, deficiency patterns with dampness, heat, blood stasis and toxin.
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With the development of business of manned spaceflight, the body damage of astronauts on the space en-vironment has received growing concern. Weight loss is the most important cause of various diseases, and the weightlessness muscle atrophy is one of urgent problems to be solved in aerospace medicine. Although there is no concept of weightlessness or weightlessness muscle atrophy in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCM can grasp the pathogenesis of complex diseases, and provide important theoretical references for the prevention and management of weightlessness diseases, especially weightlessness muscle atrophy. In this paper, TCM Cognition of weightlessness and the pathogenesis of weightlessness muscle atrophy was studied by the sight of TCM theory of qi hoisting. The discussion was made from aspects of circulation of qi and blood, zang-fu function. This work is wished to be beneficial to apply the TCM theory in aerospace medicine.
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English translation of TCM pathogenesis terms was investigated in this paper from the perspective of universal features of translation. Small-sized Chinese and English parallel corpus of TCM pathogenesis terms was built to examine whether English translation of TCM pathogenesis terms bore the features of explicitation. Further study was conducted to investigate expliciatation revealed in different versions. Results showed that explicitation exists in the English translation of this field, consistent with Blum-Kulka’s (1986) Explicitation Hypothesis. At the same time, explicitation in English translation of TCM pathogenesis terms possesses its own characteristics. First, its pattern is different from that of literary works. There are mainly three types of explicitation, i.e. adding words, specifying, and explicitation of analogy/metaphor. Among these types, adding words is the most frequently used. In addition, more cases of explicitness are found in Chinese translators’ versions than those of foreign ones, which might be due to the different translation principles held by different translators. The unique philosophy of TCM is substantially different from that of western medicine, thus its unique way of expression may lead to the phenomenon of explicitation in English translation of TCM pathogenesis terms. The present study provides fresh evidence for the Explicitation Hypothesis.
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Pathogenesis is the nucleus of diagnosis and treatment in TCM, this article has reviewed about the research on pathogenesis in TCM, summed up the research results, especially given the analysis on that. It proposes that deeper research would be done on defining the concept and connotation of pathogenesis, clarifying the relation between pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation, and establishing the core states about pathogenesis and so on.
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Potential pathogenesis is defined a pathology linking without corresponding symptoms, but as a part of pathogenesis which has important affects on the formation and development of main syndrome. The proposal of potential pathogenesis is a supplement of traditional pathogenesis theory, and has practical signifi cance to the improvement of syndrome pathogenesis theory and raise of the level of determination of treatment based on differentiation of symptoms and sign. Potential pathogenesis has characteristic of logicality, reality and provability. We can understand the relationship between the evaluation of modern medical laboratory and disease sydrome, the principle of batch formula and the skill of medicines compatibility with the potential pathogenesis theory. The explication of potential pathogenesis theory will promote the in-depth exploration of disease syndrome and pathogenesis.
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To explore the difference of respiratory muscle strength and respiratory drive between lung qi deficiency pattern and spleen qi deficiency pattern in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Forty two cases of COPD were differentiated as lung qi deficiency pattern (n=23, Group A) and spleen qi deficiency pattern(n=19, Group B) and twenty healthy volunteers served as control (Group C). Pulmonary ventilatory function such as forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), FVC/ FEV 1 and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were examined; and the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and oral blocking pressure were also detected.As compared with Group C, pulmonary ventilation was decreased in both Group A and Group B and more obviously in Group B (P0 05); MIP and MEP in Group B differed from those in Group C (P
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[Objective] To explore the mechanism of fever in damp- heat syndrome. [Methods] Hyperlipemia rabbit models were established by feeding fatty - sweet diet. After the injection of endotoxin, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 was observed in rabbit model (Group A) and compared with normal rabbits (Group B) . [ Results] The peak of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 secretion was decreased and the decline was slow in Group A. [ Conclusion ] The damp - heat syndrome in seasonal febrile disease is not merely a simple addition of damp and heat, but a result of retention and interaction of the two factors.
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[Objective] To study the relationship between syndrome patterns of traditional Chinese medicine and bcl- 2 oncogene, p53 suppression gene mRNA expressions in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PIGC). [Methods] Forty PLGC cases were endoscopically and pathologically confinned, including 24 cases of moderate dysplasia of gastric mucosa, 9 cases of severe dysplasia, 7 cases of incomplete colonic intestinal metaplasia. Of the 40 cases, 10 were complicated with Qi stagnation, 12 with stomach-heat, and 18 with blood stasis, mRNA expression of bcl- 2 oncogene and p53 suppression gene were detected in situ by molecular hybridization method. [Results] The mRNA overexpression of bcl- 2 oncogene and p53 suppression gene were found in PLGC, and the expression was gradually increased with the progress of lesions. In the complicated cases, the mRNA expression of bcl- 2 oncogene and p53 suppression gene were the least in the cases with Qi stagnation and less in the cases with stomach- heat than in the cases with blood stasis. [Conclusion] Abnormal mRNA expression of bcl- 2 oncogene and p53 suppression gene were found in PLGC cases and related with different complicated cases, indicating the specificity of different syndrome patterns.
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[Objective] To explore the relationship between TCM syndrome patterns and physicochemical parameters of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [Methods] Five hundred hospitalized cases of COPD were investigated. The correlation of TCM syndrome patterns with pulmonary function, blood analysis and biochemical indexes were assayed by logistic forward regression analysis and linear multiple regression analysis, and then the above indexes were analyzed by independent- samples t test. [Results] Five equations were obtained by logistic regression. Positive correlation was found between the number of white blood cells (WBC) and the pattern of phlegm-heat blocking lung, hemoglobin (HGB) level and the pattern of yang deficiency with fluid retention, as well as red cell distribution width (RDW) and the pattern of kidney deficiency. Maximal expiratory flow rate in residual 75 % vital capacity ( MEF75), peak of expiratory flow (PEF) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were negatively correlated with the pattern of yang deficiency with fluid retention. Maximal expiratory flow rate in residual 25% vital capacity (MEF25) and granulocyte percentage (GP) were also negatively correlated with the pattern of spleen deficiency. So did potassium ions (K+ ) level and the pattern of kidney deficiency, t test showed the same results. [Conclusion] The above indexes have great value for TCM syndrome differentiation of COPD.
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Objective:To probe distribution law and pathogenesis of TCM complex symptoms of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome.Methods:Generally recognized criteria was to establish database of comprehensive analysis of the data gained by the four methods of diagnosis,and analyze with SPSS8.0.Results:Syndrome distribution was most closely related with spleen deficiency,accounting for 66.7%;and the next,with stagnation of liver-Qi,accounting for 40.3%;the last,with the kidney,only accounting for 5.6%.Conclusion:Cause of disease and inducing factors of this disease are closely correlated with pathogenic cold, diet of lipids,mental depression,prolonged disease,wound due to abdominal operation.The disease is located at the stomach, intestine with most coexistence of deficiency and excess,and spleen deficiency is the key of pathogenesis.
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Changes of syndromes and therapeutic feature of the patients with steroid-dependent asthma(SDA)during steroid withdrawal were investigated.It was held that the patient presented pathological changes from deficiency of Yin and hyperactivity of evil fire before steroid withdrawal to deficiency of Yin and Yang during steroid withdrawal to deficiency of kidney-Yang after steroid withdrawal,with the syndrome of stasis of phlegm and blood throughout the whole process.Therefore,a new scheme for weaning the steroid with the TCM three-step sequential therapy was established according to the changes of syndromes,i,e., nourishing Yin and blood,clearing away excessive heat and eliminating stasis of phlegm and blood before steroid withdrawal; nourishing Yin and blood,inhibiting pathogenic wind,replenishing Qi and Yang,activating blood circulation,resolving phlegm and lowering the adverse rise of Qi to relieve asthma during steroid withdrawal;warming kidney-Yang and adjusting Qi and blood,and regulating functional activity of Qi after steroid withdrawal.Because the three-steep sequential therapy was designed based on the dynamic change of SDA during steroid withdrawal,it conformed with the whole clinical process of the occurrence,development and changes of SDA than any other single way,and reflected the essential characteristics of the pathological changes.
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Under the guidance of the Liu's theory of kidney deficiency and incubative pathogen, the authors point out that for understanding the incubative pathogen of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) you should grasp the essence of the pathogenesis, kidney deficiency. For chronic hepatitis B, it is easier to be understood and conforms to pathological characteristics of chronic hepatitis B. The property of the incubative pathogen can not be restricted to that the incubative cold changes to warm, it should be understood as epidemic heat and epidemic toxin. Therefore, the authors first put forward this hypothesis: the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B is kidney deficiency and damp-heat toxic pathogen incubating in liver and blood. And based on the hypothesis a comprehensive therapy including clearing away heat, expelling pathogenic factors, promoting blood circulation and tonifying the kidney is introduced.
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Basical study of application of TCM damp - heat model includes development of damp - heat animal model and mechanism study of removing heat and dampness. Results indicated that under the guidance of classical thoery of TCM febrile diseases, on the basis of comparison of five factors and six methods of developing animal model, and the damp - heat models developed by means of combined factors (diet+ climatic surroundings + pathgenic boilogical factors) approached to damp - heat syndrome of TCM in conditions of attack, affected Zang- and Fu-organs, and main symptoms and signs, with characteristics of good replace and simple manipulation.
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The Treatise on Warm and Heat Pathogens is a foundational work on the science of epidemic febrile diseases. Ye Tianshi not only has outstanding original idea for warm-heat syndrome and also has penetrating views for damp-heat syndrome and its treatment. He held that combination of internal and external dampness played a decisive role in attacking of warm-heat diseases. Based on analysis. exopathic cause and syndromes of epidemic febrile diseases of damp-heat types are divided into both warm-heat syndrome with dampness and damp-heat syndrome, and indicates that damp-heat syndrome mainly locates in the spleen, stomach and tri-Jiao. and it has two turns. i. e. injuring Yin and injuring Yang in development, pays attention to inspection of the tongue and rash. and based on which the therapeutic method is determined. In treatment, it is emphasized to remove damp-heat, protruding the principle "treating dampness as root", and advocating that dampness should be removed from regulating tri-Jiao, and dividing the uper-Jiao and the lower-Jioa, particularly pay attention to using diuresis for removing dampness; at the same time. for removing dampness, regulating Qi should be strengthened. When Qi freely flows, dampness is easily removed. In addition. Yang-Qi should be protected according to constitution of the patient.