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Detection and identification standard of hookworm—Hookworm larvae coproculture techniques (WS/T 791—2021) is the first recommended technical standard for hookworm detection and species identification using the hookworm larvae coproculture technique in China. This standard was issued on November 23, 2021, and had been in effect since May 1, 2022. This article provides a detailed interpretation pertaining to the background, drafting process, main contents, and dos and don’ts for better understanding and application of this standard among professionals working in disease control and prevention institutions and medical institutions.
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Radical resection is still the main method to cure gastric cancer. Lymph node metastasis is a common metas-tatic pattern of gastric cancer. The risk of local lymph node invasion increases with the tumor invasion depth of gastric wall. Standard lymph node dissection is an important step to improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. At present, D 2 radical gastrectomy is the standard procedure for locally advanced gastric cancer. Therefore, it is of great significance to popularize the standardization of lymph node dissection in radical gastrectomy on the basis of 4K laparoscopic platform, which can improve the treatment level of gastric cancer surgeons and provide "homogenized" diagnosis and treatment services for patients.
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Guided by the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and using modern scientific methods, Dao-di herbs pharmacology studies the nature, performance, interaction with the body and its clinical application.It is a bridge between the basic research and clinical application of Dao-di herbs. It can objectively describe the law of efficacy of Dao-di herbs, scientifically explain the mechanism of efficacy of Dao-di herbs, explore and establish the standards and methods of Dao-di herbs based on biological effect and clinical efficacy, and provide scientific basis for the special properties, pharmacology and clinical value of Dao-di herbs.Furthermore, we put forward a new idea of building the standard of Dao-di herbs based on the curative effect rather than the origin.The Dao-di herbs standard should come from the systematic research of traditional Dao-di herbs producing areas and form a new characteristic system, through the extraction of environmental, genetic, character, chemical, pharmacological and other characteristics.This standard originates from the tradition, but it is higher than the tradition. It may not have the origin meaning of strict administrative division, but it can better reflect the pharmacological characteristics and excellent clinical value of Dao-di herbs.
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China , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/normas , Medicina Tradicional China , Plantas Medicinales/químicaRESUMEN
A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of laparoscopic gastrectomy for locally advanced distal gastric cancer (CLASS - 01 trial, ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT01609309) confirmed that experienced surgeons could safely performed laparoscopic D2 distal gastrectomy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, with minimally invasive benefits and non-inferior oncological efficacy. This provides strong evidence of the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer via laparoscopic approach, comparable to open surgery. In September 2019, "Standard Operation Procedure of Laparoscopic D2 Distal Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: Consensus on CLASS-01 trial" was published in the Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, which was highly evaluated by Chinese and overseas experts. Under the situation of wide application of minimally invasive surgery, the CLASS group published a 10-year scientific research summary and released the "Standard Operation Procedure", which has landmark significance and has become the recognized Chinese standard of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer world wide. This will guide the scientific development of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in China, avoiding abuse or inappropriate use of minimally invasive techniques, while ensuring the rational use with fully benefits to the patients with gastric cancer.
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To understand the history development and changes of Citri Grandis Exocarpium and initially establish its standard system after exploring the historical origins and modern development of Citri Grandis Exocarpium. In CNKI, Wanfang database and other academic search platforms were searched for literature on Citri Grandis Exocarpium and Chinese medicine standard system； the books related to its modern cultivation techniques and processing technology were also accessed, and after combining with the actual situation analysis, the prospective design of the standard system of Citri Grandis Exocarpium was finally established with research conclusion. The earliest records of the Citri Grandis Exocarpium were documented in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but its medicinal value was discovered in the Song Dynasty. Its drug use was developed on the basis of Jupi（orange peel） and Citri Exocarpium Rubrum. In 21st century, a number of large-scale, intensive Citri Grandis Exocarpium bases have been formed due to high price, good planting efficiency, and rapid growth of cultivation areas. The standard system includes the technical specifications of seed selection and seedling cultivation of Citri Grandis Exocarpium, technical norms of cultivation, technical specifications of fertilizing and weeding, technical specifications of irrigation and drainage, technical standard of pest and disease control, standard of medicinal materials grade, standard of processing technology of sliced pieces and the quality standard of slices, etc.
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Se propone como estrategia para el control de los Trastornos Musculoequeléticos (TME) un Programa de Ergonomía Participativa (PEP). La aplicación de este programa se divide en 5 etapas: Análisis de empresa, evaluación de riesgos ergonómicos, construcción del plan de acción, ejecución del plan de acción y verificación de medidas de control. La base que sustenta al PEP es la conformación de un Grupo de Ergonomía en la empresa (Grupo Ergo), quien estará a cargo de la identificación, evaluación e implementación de medidas de control con la asesoría de un profesional de Ergonomía. Las metodologías de evaluación de riesgos a utilizar por el Grupo Ergo serán las indicadas en la Normativa Chilena (Ley 20.001 DS N°63/2005 y Decreto N°4 que modifica el DS N°594) que exigen la aplicación de las herramientas: Manual Asessments Charts (MAC) para identificar y evaluar tareas de Manejo Manual de Carga en Levantamiento-descenso, transporte, levantamiento, descenso en equipo y las tablas de Liberty Mutual para tareas de empuje y arrastre de carga; y, por otra parte, la Norma Técnica de Trastornos Musculoequeléticos de Extremidad Superior (MINSAL, 2011) establece la aplicación de una Lista de chequeo contenida en la Norma ISO 11228-3 para la identificación y evaluación de tareas que involucren movimientos repetitivos, postura, fuerza, tiempos de recuperación y factores adicionales, respectivamente. Se presenta la aplicación del PEP en una empresa del rubro industrial chileno, planteándose como objetivo cumplir con las etapas del programa en un periodo de 4 meses. Se establece como objetivo del PEP lograr implementar un 70% de las medidas consideradas denivel "simples". Los resultados reflejaron el cumplimiento de las etapas, logrando implementar un 79% de las medidas simples y un 27% de las medidas complejas. Pese a que es una experiencia primaria en Chile, se pudieron observar beneficios indirectos en la ejecución del PEP, tales como generar una cultura en la empresa respecto a temas de Ergonomía, lograr el compromiso de los ejecutivos en la implementación de las medidas de control y el cumplimiento de legislación chilena respecto a Ergonomía.
It is proposed as a strategy to control Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) Participatory Ergonomics Program (PEP). The implementation of this program is divided into 5 stages: Company Analysis, ergonomic risk assessment, construction of the action plan, implementation of the action plan and verification of control measures. The base that sustains the PEP is the creation of a Group of Ergonomics in the company (Ergo Group), who will be responsible for the identification, evaluation and implementation of control measures with the assistance of a professional ergonomics. The risk assessment methodologies to be used by Ergo Group shall be indicated in Chilean law (Law 20,001 DS No. 63/2005 and Decree No. 4 amending DS No. 594) that requires the application of tools: Manual assessments charts (MAC) to identify and evaluate tasks Burden Handling Manual lifting-lowering, transport, lifting, lowering team and Liberty Mutual tables to pushing and load dragging tasks, and, moreover, the Technical Regulations Musculoskeletal disorders Upper Extremity (MINSAL, 2011) establishes the application of a checklist contained in ISO 11228-3 for the identification and evaluation of tasks that include repetitive movements, posture, strength, recovery times and additional factors, respectively. The implementation of PEP is presented in a company of the Chilean industrial sector, setting out as objective to comply with the program steps over a period of 4 months. It sets the objective of achieving PEP implement 70% of the measures consider of "simple" level. The results showed compliance with stages, achieving 79% implement simple measures and 27% of complex measures. Although it is a primary experience in Chile, indirect benefits could be observed in the implementation of PEP, such as a culture in the company on issues of ergonomics, to achieve the commitment of the executive in the implementation of control measures and compliance with Chilean legislation on Ergonomics.