Telephone counseling for young Brazilian cocaine and/or crack users. Who are these users? / Aconselhamento telefônico para jovens brasileiros usuários de cocaína e/ou crack. Quem são esses usuários?

Abstract Objective: To describe the users' drug abuse characteristics, problematic behaviors associated with addiction, the motivation of teenagers and young adults to quit cocaine and/or crack abuse, and then compare these characteristics. Methods: A cross-section study was conducted with 2390 cocaine/crack users (teenagers from 14 to 19 years of age, and young adults from 20 to 24 years of age); 1471 were young adults and 919 were teenagers who had called a phone counseling service between January 2006 and December 2013. Semi-structured interviews were performed via phone calls. The questionnaires included sociodemographic information; assessment of the characteristics of cocaine/crack abuse; assessment of the problematic behaviors; also, the Contemplation Ladder was used to evaluate the stages of readiness to cease substance abuse. Results: Participants reported using cocaine (48.2%), crack and other smoking forms (36.7%) and combined consumption of both drugs (15%). Young adults were more prone to using crack or crack associated with cocaine (OR = 1.9; CI 95% = 1.05-1.57) and they were exposed to substance abuse for longer than two years (OR = 3.45; CI 95% = 2.84-4.18), when compared to teenagers. On the other hand, they showed higher readiness to quit. Conclusion: Data shows important differences in drug abuse characteristics, problematic behaviors and motivation to cease substance abuse between teenager and young adult cocaine and/or crack users. Behaviors displayed by young adults involve greater physical, mental and social health damages. These findings reinforce the importance of public policy to act on prevention and promoting health, to increase protection factors among teenagers and lower risks and losses during adult life.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as características de consumo, comportamentos problemáticos associados ao uso e motivação para cessar o consumo entre adolescentes e jovens usuários de cocaína e/ou crack e comparar essas características. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, com 2.390 usuários de cocaína/crack (adolescentes: 14 - 19 anos e jovens: 20 - 24 24 anos) sendo 1471 jovens e 919 adolescentes, que ligaram para um serviço de aconselhamento telefônico entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2013. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas por telefone. Os questionários incluíram informações sociodemográficas; avaliação das características do consumo de cocaína/crack; avaliação dos comportamentos problemáticos e escala de Contemplação Ladder para avaliar os estágios de motivação. Resultados: Os participantes relataram uso de cocaína (48,2%), crack e outras formas fumadas (36,7%) e uso associado de ambas as formas (15%). Os jovens faziam maior uso de crack ou crack associado à cocaína (OR = 1,19; IC 95% = 1,05-1,57) e estavam expostos ao uso da droga havia mais de 2 anos (OR = 3,45; IC 95% = 2,84-4,18) quando comparados aos adolescentes. Por outro lado, mostraram-se mais motivados para cessar o consumo. Conclusão: Os dados mostraram haver importantes diferenças nas características de consumo, comportamentos problemáticos e motivação para cessar o consumo entre adolescentes e jovens usuários de cocaína e/ou crack. Os jovens apresentaram comportamentos que envolvem maiores prejuízos para a saúde física, mental e aspectos sociais. Esses achados reforçam a importância de ações de políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção de saúde para aumentar os fatores de proteção entre os adolescentes e reduzir riscos e prejuízos para a vida adulta.

Effects of Telephone Counseling Support on Distress, Anxiety, Depression, and Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

PURPOSE: This study is aimed at identifying the effects of telephone counseling as nursing support on distress, anxiety, depression, and adverse events in cancer patients undergoing their first chemotherapy. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial (pretest-posttest design). A total of 70 patients who showed 4 or higher distress scores were selected from the screening process. Four patients dropped out; therefore, 66 patients participated in this research. Thirty-two and 34 patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and the control group, respectively. After a preliminary survey, telephone counseling support was given to the experimental group at three time points. The post survey was done before the second cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Regarding distress, both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the scores: 3.4 for the experimental group and 1.8 for the control group (p=.002). Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease relative to the control group. Anxiety and depression showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that nursing support through phone counseling is effective in decreasing distress in patients undergoing chemotherapy for the first time.

An empirical study on the utilization of online health community and its conversion into the traditional health system:A case study of haodf. com / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To analyze the service pattern provided by online health community and the conversion of online health community to offline health systems. To put forward the problems and suggestions on integration of online and traditional health services. Methods: The crawl programming is programmed to acquire and analyze data from haodf. com website, including the online consultation, telephone counseling, and referral appointments, etc. Results:The results show that the average number of replies is 14 times for two weeks, the total reply is 418 times, the telephone answering rate is only 0 . 08%, and the referral rate to offline is 2 . 96%. Conclusion: The conversion rate of online health community in China is lower than e-commerce service. The recommended index of telephone consulting is more instructive to patients. The services mode provided by the online health community is still single, and the profit model is not even clear.

Consejería telefónica, un cuidado imaginario real que apoya el automanejo de personas con enfermedades crónicas / Telephone counseling, a real imaginary caring the self management of people with chronic diseases

Las enfermedades crónicas aumentan cada día, impactando a personas, servicios sanitarios y sociedad. Actualmente, los sistemas de salud implementan innovadoras estrategias, como la asistencia telefónica para apoyar el automanejo de personas con Diabetes, mejorando su compensación metabólica y literacidad. Dicha atención remota podría realizarla una enfermera en formación, previa capacitación. OBJETIVOS: Describir una experiencia en consejerías telefónicas de apoyo al automanejo de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. METODOLOGÍA: En el contexto del proyecto: "Ensayo clínico controlado de Literacidad en Salud, para incrementar la compensación metabólica y autoeficacia de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en Centros de Salud Familiar de la comuna de La Florida" (FONIS SA13/20357), se realizaron consejerías telefónicas a diabéticos durante seis meses, complementado con sesiones presenciales grupales para aumentar su automanejo y nivel de literacidad. RESULTADOS: El contacto a distancia es diferente a la atención directa; causando incertidumbre. El uso del teléfono impacta el ser, saber y hacer profesional. La comunicación a distancia apoya toma de decisiones en salud. El oído y voz - herramientas de cuidado- remueven necesidades del enfermo, fomentan la comprensión de su enfermedad, visibilizan motores de cambio y construyen motivación en una atención humanizada para el automanejo; interacción imaginaria real. CONCLUSIONES: El concepto de literacidad en salud, entrevista motivacional y tecnologías en el cuidado serían útiles en la formación de pregrado de profesionales de salud; promoviendo el automanejo. Se propone develar la experiencia vivida por consejeros telefónicos para apoyarlos.

Chronic diseases are increasing every day, impacting people, health services and society. Currently, health systems implement innovative strategies, such as telephone assistance to support the self-management of people with diabetes, improving metabolic compensation and literacy. RESULTS: This remote care could be done by a nurse in training, after training. To describe an experience in telephone counseling to support the self-management of people with Diabetes Mellitus type 2. METHODOLOGY: In the context of the "controlled clinical trial of literacy in health, to increase metabolic compensation and self-efficacy in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Family Health Centers of the municipality of La Florida" (FONIS SA13120357), councils were held telephone diabetic for six months, supplemented group attended sessions to increase their self-management and level of literacy. RESULTS: The remote contact is different from the direct care; causing uncertainty. Using the phone hits the being, knowledge and craftsmanship. Distance communication supports decision-making in health. The -tools voice heard and carefully remove the patient needs, promote understanding of their disease, make visible drivers of change and build a humanized motivation for self-care; Real imaginary interaction. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of health literacy, motivational interviewing and care technologies would be useful in training undergraduate the health professionals; promoting self-management. It intends to unveil the experience of telephone counselors to support them.

Development and Evaluation of Standardized Telephone Counseling Guidelines on Symptom Management for Patients Discharged after Colorectal Cancer Surgery

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to develop standardized telephone counseling guidelines regarding symptom management for patients discharged after colorectal cancer surgery, and to apply and assess it in practice in order to increase patient satisfaction and compliance level. METHODS: Five frequent symptoms; pain, diarrhea, constipation, bowel obstruction and wounds were extracted by a preliminary survey. RESULTS: For wound and bowel obstruction, the most frequent applied guideline was ER recommendation, and it was statistically significant (p<.002). The assessment result of guideline application (satisfaction rate, compliance rate and symptom resolution) shows an average satisfaction rate of 3.80 on a 4 point scale and all 6 cases which recommended immediate ER visits followed the guidelines. CONCLUSION: According to the result of this study, the developed guidelines are worth while to increase patient satisfaction as well as to resolve symptoms.

A Study Evaluating the Effect of Telephone Counselling on Smoking Performed by a Nurse Cessation: A Preliminary, Randomized, Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Smoking is well known as an important preventable risk factor contributing to mortality and morbidity. Telephone counseling might be one of adjunctive interventions for smoking cessation. We evaluated whether telephone counseling performed by a nurse could improve smoking cessation rate. METHODS: Study subjects were 152 male smokers who visited family practice in one tertiary hospital between November 2001 and January 2002 and agreed to participate in this study. After completing a self- administered questionnaire, the subjects received self-help materials and were randomly assigned into either an intervention or control group. A well-trained nurse provided telephone counseling only to experimental group at 8th and 17th week of follow-up. The 25-week smoking cessation rates were checked in both groups by telephone call. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in socio- demographic and smoking-related characteristics between intervention, control, and non-participants groups. Intention-to-treat smoking cessation rate at 25th-week of follow- up was 21.1% in control, 25.0% in intervention group and was not statistically different from each other. Smoking cessation rate according to the baseline stage of change toward quit smoking was not statistically different from each other. CONCLUSION: The telephone counseling performed by a nurse was not significantly effective for improving smoking cessation rate in this study.

Analysis of Telephone Counseling Service on Child Health / 아동간호학회지

This study analyzed the services as operated by the Child Health Telephone Service Center. The Center is a toll free service operated as part of the community services of the Korean Academic Society of Child Health Nursing. The aim of the study was to describe the concerns of child caregivers regarding child health care as discussed during telephone counseling. Specific objectives were as follows: 1. To analyze the activities of the Center. 2. To describe the characteristics of caregivers who made phone calls for counseling services and also the characteristics of their children. 3. To analyze the content of the counseling sessions. 4. To analyze counseling content according to the characteristics of the caregivers and their children. Data used for the study were obtained from the counseling records for the period from Sept. to Dec. 1999, as kept by the three counselors at the Center. The total number of calls was 8,261 and that consisted of 15,150 questions. The total questions were merged into 13,236 by eliminating those questions which overlapped or were of similar content. The final 13,236 questions were used for the final analyses. Almost of the callers (98.4%) were mothers. Among them 89.6% were between 25 and 35 years of age. Geographical distribution of the callers covered the whole nation. The largest numbers who made the calls were from the Seoul metropolitan area (36%), followed by 28% from Kyung Gi Province, and 20% were from the Kyung Sang area. Among 8,261 callers, 72.8% were first users. Sex of the babies and children in question for counseling was about even for males and females and ages ranged from one month to six years. The largest group (62.5%) was the less than six month age group. The finalized 13,236 questions/problems were categorized into 11 problem areas. They were in order of frequency, physical problems, feedings and nutrient concerns, information on child rearing, growth and development, guidance on utilization of child care facilities, elimination problems, sleeping concerns, immunization related concerns, behavior problems, injury and accidents, and safety measures. The most frequent problems for counseling were physical signs and symptoms (27.3%), followed by feeding and nutrients, information on child rearing, and growth and development. Of physical problems, abnormal gastrointestinal signs and symptoms were the most frequent concern and skin problems were next at 25% and 23.3% respectively. Loose bowels, vomiting and constipation were the most frequent gastrointestinal problems. Atopic dermatitis had the highest frequency at 53.3% with diaper rash being the second highest among the skin problems. About 80% of the growth and developmental category were physical development concerns related to physiological, body growth, and motor and sensory development. This study constitutes the activity report for the first year of the Center. The findings correspond with literature reports on child health problems and parents educational needs. One recommendation from this study is that since the services of the Center are carried out only by telephone, the psychology of the counselees and the counselor relationship must be considered for better services.