Social psychology: fundamentals and fundamentalisms / Psicologia social: fundamentos e fundamentalismos / Psicología social: fundamentos y fundamentalismos

This manuscript proposes a theoretical analysis of the lack of contact between the different social psychologies existing in Brazil. We present two viewpoints that characterize extreme positions in the discipline, on the one hand a more empirical social psychology; on the other a social psychology predominantly theoretical and anti-empirical. Lack of contact feeds stereotypes and prejudices, which, in turn, create a vicious cycle that creates and expands differentiation between groups, feeding ethnocentric blindness. In conclusion we propose that the lack of contact between the more empiricist social psychology and the critical social psychology renders the first irrelevant and the second dogmatic, with wide repercussions for the area's bibliographic production, the formal training of social psychologists, and professional meetings.

Este manuscrito se constitui numa proposta de análise teórica de algumas das consequências da falta de contato entre as diferentes psicologias sociais existentes no Brasil. Propomos dois eixos que configuram posições extremadas na disciplina, de um lado uma psicologia social mais empírica; de outro, uma psicologia social predominantemente teórica e anti-empírica. A falta de contato alimenta estereótipos e preconceitos, os quais, por sua vez, criam o ciclo-vicioso que constrói e amplia as diferenciações entre os grupos, alimentando a cegueira etnocêntrica. Finalmente, propomos que a falta de contato entre a psicologia social mais empirista com a psicologia social crítica torna a primeira irrelevante e a segunda dogmática, com amplas repercussões na produção bibliográfica da área, na formação dos psicólogos sociais e nos congressos profissionais.

Este manuscrito propone un análisis teórico de la falta de contacto entre las diferentes psicologías sociales existentes en Brasil. Se presentan dos puntos de vista que caracterizan las posiciones extremas en la disciplina, por un lado, una psicología social más empírico, y por otro una psicología social predominantemente teórica y anti-empírico. La falta de contacto alimenta estereotipos y prejuicios, lo que, a su vez, crea un círculo vicioso que expande la diferenciación entre los grupos. En conclusión, proponemos que la falta de contacto entre el más empirista psicología social y la psicología social crítica hace la primera sufrir de falta de pertinencia y la segunda se convierte en dogmática, con amplias repercusiones en la producción de lo conocimiento, la capacitación formal de los psicólogos sociales y conferencias profesionales.

Extensor Tendon Transfer for Chronic Rupture of Finger Extensors

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of extensor tendon transfer that involves increased tensioning for delayed repair of ruptured finger extensor tendons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients (11 women and 7 men) with old ruptures of one or more finger extensors underwent tendon transfers was evaluated. Instead of the standard tensioning, the tensioning was performed with the thumb or finger in full extension and the wrist in the neutral position during the tendon transfers. RESULTS: The mean overall range of motion of the fingers improved from 115degrees preoperatively to 160degrees postoperatively. The mean extension lag improved from 47degrees preoperatively to 11degrees postoperatively. The mean fingertip to palm distance was 0.2 cm preoperatively to 0.6 cm postoperatively. The mean finger grip strength was 35 g preoperatively to 27 g postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Extensor tendon transfer with increased tensioning is a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of chronic ruptures of finger extensor mechanism.

Tensioning of Remnant Posterior Cruciate Ligament with a Reconstruction of the Anterolateral Bundle in Chronic PCL Injuries / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This report introduces a new method for tensioning the remnant PCL with a reconstruction of the anterolateral (AL) bundle of the PCL using a modified tibial inlay technique with an assessment of the outcome of this method in chronic PCL injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1998 to August 2003, eighty six patients was underwent tensioning of a laxed remnant PCL with a reconstruction of the anterolateral bundle of the PCL. Of these, fifty two patients who were followed up for more than 2 years were evaluated. Tensioning was performed using a distal transfer of the tibial attachment with the posteromedial approach in the supine position. The AL bundle of the PCL was reconstructed with 4 bundles of a hamstring autograft or tibialis anterior tendon allograft. The stability was assessed objectively using stress radiographs with the Telos(R) device and the maximal manual test with the KT-1000 arthrometer. The clinical results were assessed by the IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) and OAK (Orthopadische Arbeitsgruppe Knie) scores. The posterior drawer test, varus stress test, posterolateral drawer test and dial test in 30 degrees and 90 degrees flexion were performed for a physical examination. RESULTS: The average side to side difference of the posterior tibial translation in stress radiographs with the Telos(R) device decreased from 10.4+/-2.0 mm to 2.2+/-1.0 mm. The average side to side difference in the maximal manual test with the KT-1000 arthrometer also decreased from 8.2+/-1.5 mm to 1.9+/-1.0 mm. The final IKDC score was A in eleven (21.2%), B in thirty-five (67.3%) and C in six (11.5%) patients. The average OAK score improved from 64.3+/-8.9 to 90.8+/-7.2. CONCLUSION: Tensioning of the laxed remnant PCL with a reconstruction of the AL bundle in chronic PCL injuries showed good clinical results and excellent posterior stability.

Tensioning of Lax Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Augmentation with Double Hamstring Tendon : A Report of Surgical Technique / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To introduce a new surgical technique for tensioning a lax ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with good continuity and augmenting it using the double hamstring tendon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical results were obtained from 5 cases that had been followed up for more than 1 year. Most were sports injuries but one case was the result of a traffic accident. The parameters used for examining the clinical results were the Lachman test, a pivot shift test, KT-1000 arthrometer, pull stress view, IKDC and OAK score before surgery and at the last follow-up. Three cases were checked preoperatively by MRI. Three cases who had an associated posterolateral rotatory instability underwent a reconstruction using a posterolateral corner sling through the fibular head. RESULTS: The Lachman test and pivot shift test, which were positive preoperatively, were converted to negative in all patients at the last follow-up. Two cases were C grade and two cases were D grade. These patients were converted to A grade, but one C grade case was converted to B grade in the IKDC score. In the OAK score, the average score was 68.5 (57 to 90) before surgery, and 91.2 (79 to 98) after surgery. In the KT-1000 arthrometer and pull stress view, the mean side-to-side difference was 5.6 (5 to 6) mm and 7 (5 to 8) mm before surgery and 1.5 (1 to 3) mm, 0.3 (0 to 1) mm, after surgery, respectively, except for one case who showed laxity of the contralateral side. CONCLUSION: Tensioning of a lax ACL and hamstring tendon augmentation is an effective method for correcting a lax ACL to restore joint stability and preserve the remnant proprioception.