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Terminalia chebula is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Tibet and etc. T. chebula is widely used in the clinical medicine of Chinese medicine and it plays a significant role in the Mongolian medicine and the Tibetan medicine. The chemical composition of T. chebula is rich and diverse, including phenolic acids, tannins, triterpenoids, aliphatics, flavonoids, volatile oils, amino acids, trace elements, carbohydrates and so on. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that T. chebula extract has many pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, detoxification, antibacterial, strong heart, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, anti-microbial, and promoting bronchial smooth muscle contraction. From the aspects of textual research, chemical composition characteristics, pharmacological action and so on, this paper expounds the research progress of T. chebula. According to the core concept of Q-marker, we predicted and analyzed the quality markers of T. chebula from the aspects of chemical composition characteristics, traditional efficacy, medicinal properties, pharmacokinetics, new clinical use and measurable composition. It provides reference for the quality evaluation of T. chebula.
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Aim To study the material basis of hepatotoxicity induced by the ripe fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. var. tomentella Kurt using high content screening. Methods Shikimic acid, benzoic acid, gallic acid, and 1,2,3,4,6-o-pentagalactosyl glucose were applied to HepG2 cells, respectively, and the cells were stained with fluorescent stains such as Hoechst 33342. The imagewas scannedand the collected datawere input into the Assay Template. Finally, the dose-response curves of cell numbers, DNA content, GSH reduction level, ROS content, MMP and other indicators were obtained for different monomers at different concentrations, thereby the hepatotoxicity of the monomers was determined. Results Aspirin and shikimic acid showed negative results. Ticlopidine, benzoic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-o-pentagalloglucose, gallic acid caused a significant decrease in cell number and increase in ROS content. There was a risk of liver-toxicity. Conclusions Gallic acid, benzoic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-o-pentagalactosylglucose have the risk of hepatotoxicity, and the risk of hepatotoxicity caused by gallic acid is the largest. Basically, gallic acid is safer when administered at concentrations below 50 mg·L-1
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Objective: To establish the Fourier transform X-ray diffraction (XRD) fingerprint of Farina Ferrum and to explore the effect of different processing methods on the quality of medicinal materials. Methods: The technology of powder XRD was used for analyzing Farina Ferrum, and the XRD Fourier fingerprints were also determined. Then the XRD Fourier patterns of six kinds of processed products were compared by superimposed way, and the K value method was used to determine the content of Fe3O4 in different processed products. Results: XRD characteristic fingerprint of 11 batches of Farina Ferrum was established. Ten common peaks were characterized, in which the third and sixth peaks were from Fe3O4 and FeO, respectively. There were some differences in the number and intensity of peaks among raw materials and six kinds of processed products, which were consistent with the variation of mass fraction of Fe3O4. Conclusion: The XRD fingerprint could be used for the appraisal and the analysis of Farina Ferrum, and the basis could be provided for the quality evaluation of Farina Ferrum and the option of processing methods.
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Phyllanthus emblica L.and Terminalia chebula Retz.were the most common Tibetan medicines.The combination of Phyllanthus emblica L.,Terminalia chebula Retz.and Term inalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.was known as Triphala,which was the basis of the most frequently-used prescriptions.The present study summarized and made a further comparison between Phyllanthus emblica L.and Terminalia chebula Retz.over chemical constituents and pharmacological activities,which provided evidence for their clinical use and the basic theory.
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The present study was aimed to investigate antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits. Antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated by using nitric oxide scavenging assay, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. The extract showed significant activities in all antioxidant assays compared to ascorbic acid in a dose dependent mode. In nitric oxide scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the extract was found to be 51.3 μg/mL while the IC50 value of ascorbic acid was 77.4 μg/mL. In addition to strong reducing power, total antioxidant activity of the extract was also found to increase in a dose dependent manner. The analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. The extract, at a dose of 500 mg/kg, showed a maximum of 44.17 % inhibition (p < 0.05) of writhing reaction compared to the reference drug diclofenac-sodium (66.96 %). The extract also showed moderate cytotoxic activity in brine shrimp lethality bioassay and the LC50 value was found to be 97.36 μg/mL.
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To probe tentatively into the relations of Terminalia chebula Retz., Terminalia billerica (Gaertn.) Roxb, and Phyllanthus emblica L. between TCM and Tibetan medicine. Methods Textual researches of materia medica were carried out and their history in clinical application were traced. Results T. chebula, T. billerica, P. emblica were all of foreign origin and were introduced into China with Buddhism. As compared in medical practice, the Tibetan autonomony region has their particular choice and preference. Conclusion We should apply modern scientific research achievements to carry out deep mutual exchanges to enrich TCM.
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Different varieties of Terminalia chebula Retz. were identified by DNA finger prints, andat the same time, some problems encountered during the application of RAPD for the identification ofTCM were studied. The polymorphic features of DNA finger prints of different species were compared.Results of the study showed that they were differently related in heredity which can provide a basis for thedifferentiation of one species from the other. Means for the solution of problems arised during RAPD ap-plication were suggested. It was concluded that RAPD is an effective method to identify T. chebula from itsconfusable varieties.
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Object To probe tentatively into the relations of Terminalia chebula Retz., Terminalia billerica (Gaertn.) Roxb, and Phyllanthus emblica L. between TCM and Tibetan medicine. Methods Textual researches of materia medica were carried out and their history in clinical application were traced. Results T. chebula, T. billerica, P. emblica were all of foreign origin and were introduced into China with Buddhism. As compared in medical practice, the Tibetan autonomony region has their particular choice and preference. Conclusion We should apply modern scientific research achievements to carry out deep mutual exchanges to enrich TCM.
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Object To study the hydroxyl radical scavenging and DNA damage protecting activities of 5 Uighur herbal medicines Euphorbia humifusa Willd , Borago officinalis L, Cassia angustifolia Vahl, Terminalia chebula Retz. and Fomes officinalis (Vill ex Fr ) Bres Methods The hydroxyl radical scavenging action and DNA damage protection action were determined by CuSO 4 Vit C H 2O 2 yeast and CuSO 4 Vit C H 2O 2 phen DNA chemiluminescence systems respectively Results All 5 Uighur medicinal herbs showed hydroxyl radical scavenging and DNA damage protection activities in dose dependent manners Conculsion The hydroxyl radical scavenging and DNA protective effects may possibly be the mechanisms of their antiaging and therapeutic effects against various diseases