Teorias de enfermagem utilizadas em pediatria / Nursing theories used in pediatrics / Teorías de enfermería utilizadas en pediatría

Objetivo: Mapear as teorias de enfermagem utilizadas nos diferentes contextos de assistência à criança e ao adolescente. Métodos: Revisão de escopo de acordo com a metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs, que incluiu estudos primários, publicados em inglês, espanhol e português, sem restrição de tempo, e disponibilizados nas bases de dados MEDLINE, WOS, BDENF, SCOPUS, CINAHL e SCIELO. Resultados: Foram incluídos nesta revisão 53 artigos, os quais evidenciaram 17 teorias de enfermagem aplicadas aos mais diversos contextos pediátricos, como hospitalização, terapia intensiva, cuidados para doenças crônicas e promoção da saúde. A teoria mais utilizada para direcionar o cuidado foi a Teoria da Adaptação de Roy. São várias as experiências exitosas no campo da pesquisa e prática assistencial com a utilização das teorias de enfermagem. Conclusão: Diferentes teorias de enfermagem embasam o cuidado de enfermagem pediátrica; e a escolha de cada teoria deve ser norteada por um propósito explícito ou assunto de interesse dos autores, com base em suas expectativas pessoais e nas evidências científicas. Por meio deste estudo foi possível vislumbrar o potencial de cada teoria para subsidiar a prática da enfermagem pediátrica. (AU)

Objective: To map the Nursing theories used in the different contexts of assistance to children and adolescents. Methods: Scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and included primary studies, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, with no time restrictions, and made available in the MEDLINE, WOS, BDENF, SCOPUS, CINAHL and SCIELO databases. Results: A total of 53 articles were included in this review, which evidenced 17 Nursing theories applied to the most varied pediatric contexts, such as hospitalization, intensive care, care for chronic conditions, and health promotion. The theory most used to direct care was the Roy's Adaptation Theory. There are several successful experiences in the field of research and care practice with the use of Nursing theories. Conclusion: Different Nursing theories support pediatric Nursing care; and the choice of each theory must be guided by an explicit purpose or subject of interest to the authors, based on their personal expectations and on the scientific evidence. Through this study it was possible to glimpse the potential of each theory to support pediatric Nursing practice. (AU)

Objetivo: Mapear las teorías de Enfermería utilizadas en los diferentes contextos de atención a la niñez y adolescencia. Métodos: Revisión de alcance según la metodología del Joanna Briggs Institute que incluyó estudios primarios, publicados en inglés, español y portugués, sin restricciones de tiempo, y disponibles en las bases de datos MEDLINE, WOS, BDENF, SCOPUS, CINAHL y SCIELO. Resultados: En esta revisión se incluyeron un total de 53 artículos, que evidenciaron 17 teorías de enfermería aplicadas a los más variados contextos pediátricos, como hospitalización, cuidados intensivos, cuidados de enfermedades crónicas y promoción de la salud. La teoría más utilizadas para dirigir el cuidado fue la Teoría de la Adaptación de Roy. Existen varias experiencias exitosas en el campo de la investigación y la práctica asistencial con el uso de las teorías de Enfermería. Conclusión: Diferentes teorías de Enfermería sustentan la atención de Enfermería pediátrica; y la elección de cada teoría debe estar guiada por un propósito explícito o tema de interés para los autores, con base en sus expectativas personales y en la evidencia científica.A través de este estudio se pudo vislumbrar el potencial de cada teoría para sustentar la práctica de la Enfermería pediátrica. (AU)

La pedagogía crítica y las funciones de la profesionalización docente en la Educación Médica Superior

Introducción: La educación superior en general y la médica en lo particular han evidenciado su importancia en el desarrollo histórico de la sociedad. En este contexto la pedagogía crítica enuncia los principios fundamentales para el desarrollo de la educación. Se presenta como una perspectiva emancipadora de la formación para entender y resolver los problemas relacionados con la práctica pedagógica según las exigencias sociales. Objetivo: Mostrar las relaciones entre los principios de la pedagogía crítica y las funciones de la profesionalización docente en la Educación Médica Superior. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptivo bajo el enfoque dialéctico materialista con la utilización de dos fuentes de información, la revisión bibliográfica y documental que permitió la indagación teórica sobre la temática que se estudia con los métodos: histórico - lógico, analítico - sintético y la sistematización. Resultados: Se pudo constatar que la profesionalización docente de la Educación Superior deberá utilizar la pedagogía crítica como una importante herramienta para el desarrollo de la actuación docente, pues esta constituye un referente importante para el logro del desarrollo profesional. Discusión: Se justifica la expresión de la pedagogía critica en y desde la profesionalización docente de la Educación Médica Superior debido a la necesidad que imponen las constante transformaciones que tiene que afrontar esta, a tenor de la realidad siempre cambiantes en al ámbito económico, político, social y cultural del país y del mundo.

Introduction: Higher education in general and medical education in particular have demonstrated their importance in the historical development of society. In this context, critical pedagogy states the fundamental principles for the development of education. It is presented as an emancipatory perspective of training to understand and solve problems related to pedagogical practice according to social demands. Objective: to show the relationships between the principles of critical pedagogy and the functions of teaching professionalization in Higher Medical Education. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out under the dialectical materialist approach with the use of two sources of information, the bibliographic and documentary review that allowed the theoretical investigation on the topic being studied with the methods: historical - logical, analytical - synthetic and systematization. Results: It was confirmed that the teaching professionalization of Higher Education must use critical pedagogy as an important tool for the development of teaching performance, since this constitutes an important reference for the achievement of professional development. Discussion: The expression of critical pedagogy in and from the teaching professionalization of Higher Medical Education is justified due to the need imposed by the constant transformations that it has to face, in light of the ever-changing reality in the economic, political, social and cultural of the country and the world.

Qualitative nursing research: evidence of scientific validation from a translational perspective / Investigación cualitativa en enfermería: pruebas de validación científica desde una perspectiva traslacional / Pesquisa qualitativa em enfermagem: evidências de validação científica sob a perspectiva translacional

This article aims to reflect on scientific validation strategies in qualitative research in the light of translational theory in nursing. It is a reflection based on translational theory applied to nursing in strategies for validating qualitative studies. From this angle, validation is recognized as an adaptable construct, capable of eliciting/favoring an understanding of the subjectivity of the target audience in its relationship with the object of interest/study/research. The potential for advancing the science-profession lies in the interdisciplinary confluence of validation mechanisms, qualitative studies, the translational perspective, and nursing research. This confluence has the capacity to extend beyond theoretical and epistemological aspects. However, it is crucial to emphasize its profound, expressive, and relevant impact on the construction of scientific evidence. This impact aims to enhance the rigor and reliability of qualitative research, thereby bolstering its credibility and applicability in clinical practice.

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las estrategias de validación científica en la investigación cualitativa a la luz de la teoría traslacional en enfermería. Se trata de una reflexión basada en la teoría traslacional aplicada a la enfermería y en las estrategias de validación de los estudios cualitativos. Desde este ángulo, la validación se reconoce como un constructo adaptable, capaz de favorecer la comprensión de la subjetividad del público objetivo en su relación con el objeto de investigación. Esta confluencia interdisciplinar entre los mecanismos de validación, los estudios cualitativos, la perspectiva traslacional y la investigación en enfermería tiene el potencial de contribuir al avance de la ciencia-profesión con un alcance más allá de los aspectos teóricos y epistemológicos, pero desde la perspectiva de un impacto profundo, expresivo y relevante en la construcción de la evidencia científica con aún mayor rigor y fiabilidad en la investigación cualitativa y, por tanto, a su credibilidad y aplicabilidad en la práctica clínica.

O artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre as estratégias de validação científica em pesquisas de abordagem qualitativa à luz da teoria translacional em enfermagem. Trata-se de uma reflexão que tem como fundamento a teoria translacional aplicada à enfermagem em estratégias de validação de estudos qualitativos. Por esse ângulo, a validação é reconhecida como um constructo adaptável, capaz de suscitar/favorecer a compreensão da subjetividade do público-alvo na sua relação com o objeto de interesse/estudo/pesquisa. Esta confluência interdisciplinar entre os mecanismos de validação, os estudos qualitativos, as o/a prisma-ótica-olhar-concepção translacional e a pesquisa de enfermagem tem o potencial de contribuir para o avanço da ciência-profissão com alcance para além dos aspectos teóricos e epistemológicos, mas na perspectiva de impacto profundo-expressivo-relevante na construção de evidências científicas com ainda mais rigor e confiabilidade em pesquisas qualitativas e, por tanto, para sua credibilidade e aplicabilidade na prática clínica.

Correlato neurobiológico de los síntomas premotores del parkinson: el origen en la teoría de Braak / Neurobiological correlate of parkinson's premotor symptoms: the origin in Braak's theory / Correlação neurobiológica dos sintomas pré-motores de parkinson: a origem na teoria de Braak

El diagnóstico de enfermedad de Parkinson (ED) se basa en las principales manifestaciones motoras: bradicinesia en combinación con temblor en reposo, rigidez o ambos. Cuando se realiza el diagnóstico basado en la sintomatología motora clínica típica ya se han perdido hasta el 60 % de las neuronas dopaminérgicas de la sustancia negra pars compacta mesencefálica. La identificación de los síntomas premotores son un marcador temprano para sospechar la aparición futura de la enfermedad, así como su progresión y gravedad. La hipótesis sobre la patogénesis que mejor expone la progresión de la enfermedad es la teoría de Braak. Esta se basa en la aparición y presencia de cuerpos de Lewy en diferentes estructuras anatómicas, las cuales representadas en cada uno de sus seis estadios y podrían ser la explicación biológica de los síntomas premotores, motores y no motores. La detección temprana de los síntomas premotores puede tener repercusiones positivas en el enfoque, seguimiento, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la EP. El propósito de este artículo es identificar las aproximaciones neurológicas descritas por la teoría de Braak para los síntomas premotores de la enfermedad de Parkinson de acuerdo con la literatura publicada en los últimos 20 años.

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is based on the main motor manifestations: bradykinesia in combination with tremor at rest, rigidity, or both. When the diagnosis is made based on typical clinical motor symptoms, up to 60 % of the dopaminergic neurons of the mesencephalic substantia nigra pars compacta have already been lost. The identification of premotor symptoms is an early marker to suspect the future appearance of the disease, as well as its progression and severity. The hypothesis about the pathogenesis that best exposes the progression of the disease is Braak's theory. It is based on the appearance and presence of Lewy bodies in different anatomical structures, which are represented in each of its six stages and could be the biological explanation biological of premotor, motor, and non-motor symptoms. Early detection of premotor symptoms can have positive repercussions in the approach, follow-up, diagnosis and treatment of PD. The purpose of this article is to identify the neurological approaches described by Braak's theory for the premotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease according to the literature published in the last 20 years.

O diagnóstico da doença de Parkinson (DP) baseia-se nas principais manifestações motoras: bradicinesia combinada com tremor de repouso, rigidez ou ambos. Quando o diagnóstico é feito com base em sintomas clínicos motores típicos, até 60% dos neurônios dopaminérgicos da substância negra pars compacta mesencefálica já foram perdidos. A identificação de sintomas pré-motores é um marcador precoce para suspeitar do futuro aparecimento da doença, bem como da sua progressão e gravidade. A hipótese sobre a patogênese que melhor expõe a progressão da doença é a teoria de Braak. Isto se baseia no aparecimento e presença de corpos de Lewy em diferentes estruturas anatômicas, que estão representados em cada uma de suas seis etapas e podem ser a explicação biológica dos sintomas pré-motores, motores e não motores. A detecção precoce de sintomas pré-motores pode repercutir positivamente na abordagem, acompanhamento, diagnóstico e tratamento da DP. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as abordagens neurológicas descritas pela teoria de Braak para os sintomas pré-motores da doença de Parkinson de acordo com a literatura publicada nos últimos 20 anos.

Depression among Adolescents: A Review of Beck’s Cognitive Behaviour Theory (Kemurungan dalam Kalangan Remaja: Tinjauan terhadap Teori Kognitif Tingkah laku Beck) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#The phenomenon of depression has been a major concern recently, both nationally and globally. Depression is a disorder that involves changes in thoughts, emotions, feelings, and behaviours that make a person’s daily life difficult, and if left untreated, can adversely affect individuals and society. Depression among adolescents certainly deserves attention as this group is considered as an asset that will drive the country in the future. In terms of methodology, PubMed, Science direct, and Google Scholar search engines were used which focused on psychological theories related to adolescent depression. In addition, the search also focuses on Cognitive Approach or more precisely, about Cognitive Behaviour Theory (CBT). Over the past few decades, Cognitive Behaviour Theory (CBT) has been proven to be the most dominant theory in psychological studies including depression in adolescents. As a result, it is found that, under the CBT group, Learned Helplessness Theory and Beck’s Cognitive Behaviour Theory were the two most widely discussed on the concept of depression to date. Therefore, this article will discuss the background and the concept of these theories in describing depression. However, Beck’s CBT has been selected as the most appropriate theory in discussing depression in adolescents because this theory is able to explain this issue further and in detail, in addition to having an extensive amount of research showing the effectiveness of Beck’s CBT in helping adolescents with depression compared to Learned Helplessness Theory.

Pathogenesis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment Strategy of Refractory Angina Based on Theory of Stasis and Toxin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Refractory angina is characterized by recurrent and persistent angina with a duration of not less than three months， which is related to reversible ischemia and hypoxia caused by coronary stenosis and obstruction. It mainly involves obstructive coronary artery disease and non-obstructive coronary artery disease with coronary artery spasm and coronary microvascular dysfunction. “Stasis and toxin” play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The pathogenesis of stasis and toxin is stubborn filthy turbidity featured by slow accumulation and sudden onset，and rapid changes，which coincides with the characteristics of refractory angina which is complex and changeable，prolonged and difficult to cure. The pathogenesis of refractory angina involves a combination of underlying deficiency and excessive manifestation， with "stasis and toxin" playing a crucial role as an important pathological factor in the whole process of refractory angina. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） employs a holistic approach known as "activating blood circulation and removing toxins"， which is supplemented by various methods to tonify Qi and warm Yang， nourish the kidneys and invigorate the spleen， clear heat and transform phlegm. This approach applies anti-inflammatory measures， regulates lipid metabolism， inhibits oxidative stress and thrombus formation， protects endothelial function in blood vessels， as well as establishes collateral circulation for the prevention and treatment of refractory angina. Therefore，based on the theory of "stasis and toxin"，combined with TCM theory and modern medical research，this paper discusses the pathogenesis of refractory angina and the prevention and treatment strategy of TCM，and elucidates the reasons for the difficulty in curing refractory angina and the relationship between refractory angina and common angina pectoris，coronary microvascular dysfunction，coronary artery spasm and obstructive coronary artery disease，hoping to provide certain theoretical basis and clinical ideas for the prevention and treatment of refractory angina with TCM.

Theoretical Exploration of Cancer-related Fatigue in Malignant Tumors Guided by Luobing Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Patients with cancer-related fatigue are prone to symptoms and signs such as anorexia， weight loss， and abdominal distension， which seriously reduces the quality of life and becomes an independent risk factor affecting the survival rate of patients with malignant tumors. Therefore， it is urgent to find effective treatment strategies and drugs. In the past， the academic viewpoint of improving syndromes—a new strategy for tumor treatment was proposed based on the guidance of the Luobing theory. Based on this， this article proposes the pathogenesis of cancer-related fatigue is characterized by spleen and kidney deficiency， stasis and toxin internal obstruction， as well as the treatment method of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney， resolving blood stasis and detoxification guided by the core theory of the Qiluo doctrine of Chengzhi Tiaoping. The representative drug Yangzheng Xiaoji capsules has been developed， not only has good therapeutic effect on solid tumors， but also shows good advantages in treating cancer-related fatigue， which can help to restore the homeostasis of tumor bearing survival in patients with malignant tumors and provide new drug choices for the clinical treatment of cancer-related fatigue.

The Connotation and Clinical Significance of “Spleen Governs Time” based on the Zangxiang （藏象） Time-space View / 中医杂志

There are different views on the theory of “spleen governs time”， which is still a hot spot in the study of Zangxiang （藏象） theory. Based on Zangxiang time-space view， it is found that the thinking mode of the spleen governing time theory follows space-time logic. It is believed that the different time views of the spleen governing time are all formed based on the space view that the spleen belongs to earth and resides in the center， and the zang time theory is developed with the unified time and space logic. Guided by Zangxiang time-space view， the origin of the spleen belonging to earth and residing in the center is traced， and the theoretical connotation and its clinical application of spleen governing time under different time-space logic are explored with reference to the four season and five zang theory， five season and five zang theory， six season and six zang theory， and eight season and eight zang theory.

TCM Treatment of Podocyte Injury in IgA Nephropathy Based on Multiple TCM Theories： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerular disease in China. Its clinical manifestations are mainly proteinuria， hematuria， hypertension， edema， hyperuricemia， etc. Most patients have hidden onset. 30%-40% of patients develop into end stage renal disease 10-20 years after diagnosis and rely on dialysis or kidney transplantation to maintain their lives， which is extremely harmful. Proteinuria is a common clinical manifestation of this disease， and most patients have small-to-moderate amounts of proteinuria， while 10%-24% of patients have large amounts of proteinuria. Proteinuria is the main risk factor affecting the progression of renal function in IgA nephropathy. Podocytes are the terminal part of the glomerular filtration barrier， and various factors can affect the fusion and detachment of podocyte processes that occur after podocyte injury. They are common histological lesions in IgA nephropathy and are key factors leading to proteinuria and the continuous progression of the disease. At present， Western medicine lacks targeted treatment for podocyte injury， with limited intervention methods. Drugs such as glucocorticoids are often used for treatment， and there are many adverse reactions. Based on the physiological function of podocytes， pathological and physiological changes after injury， and histological morphology of this disease， it is believed that it is closely related to traditional Chinese medicine's "Xuanfu Theory" "Kidney Collateral Syndrome" "Collateral Disease Theory"， and "Dry Blood Theory". More and more studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine， which has the characteristics of multiple links， pathways， and targets， has a significant therapeutic effect on podocyte injury in IgA nephropathy. It can protect podocytes and reduce proteinuria and has good application and research prospects. This article systematically summarizes the mechanism and morphological changes of podocyte injury in IgA nephropathy， the understanding of podocyte injury in traditional Chinese medicine theory， and the research progress in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of podocyte injury in IgA nephropathy， so as to provide a reference for further research and application of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in podocyte injury in IgA nephropathy.

Definition， Framework and Connotation of Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theories / 中医杂志

The modernization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theories is not only a prerequisite for the modernization of TCM but also a way to deal with the external environment and the difficulties of its development. The modernization of TCM is based on the premise of maintaining its own characteristics and advantages， and along with the progress of modern science and technology， the entire TCM has undergone new changes and improvements from theory to practice， and has become a scientific system with modern scientific level that adapts to the needs of the times. In the context of the unprecedented profound changes in contemporary TCM academics， this paper puts forward the definition of modernization of TCM theory and argues that the modernized theoretical system of TCM should maintain originality to build the foundation of TCM inheritance， clarify the frontier of the discipline and establish the conceptual system， form an open network to be compatible with multi-disciplinary interaction， incorporate the falsification and establish self-renewal system， creatively transform and innovatively develop， and modernize the interpretation and update the discourse system.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Fibrotic Diseases： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Fibrosis can occur in diverse tissue and organs and is the common outcome as multiple chronic diseases progress. It is characterized by over-activation of fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Targeting transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， a classical signaling molecule in fibrosis， is currently a routine strategy for drug therapy of this disease. The use of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of fibrotic diseases has been supported by mature theories. The theories emphasize that the internally-accumulated pathogens and mixed deficiency-excess underlie the shared pathology of fibrotic diseases. Qi stagnation， blood stasis， phlegm turbidity， and mass accumulation are key pathological factors. "Yin suppression by Yang" is the core thought for treatment with TCM of the disease. Pharmacological investigations reveal the scientific nature of TCM in treating fibrotic diseases， namely multilevelled and multitargeted. In other words， it refers to networked regulation of signaling activities of fibrosis-related molecules such as TGF-β/Drosophila protein homolog （Smad）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， Hedgehog， Wnt/β-catenin， and inflammatory cytokines， so as to inhibit fibroblast function and provide a promising insight into novel anti-fibrotic drug. This paper summarized the conventional understanding of fibrotic disease treatment with TCM and its mechanism of action by reviewing ancient literature and modern research reports， which offers an idea for follow-up research in this field.

Effect of Intestinal Microecology on Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Yin-Yang Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Its high prevalence， mortality rate， and medical cost bring a heavy economic burden to society and families， and DKD has become one of the most important public health problems. Intestinal microecology is the most important and complex micro-ecosystem in the human body， which is involved in important life activities such as material and energy metabolism， immune system regulation， and signal transduction， thereby maintaining the dynamic balance of the human internal environment. The dynamic balance between the intestinal microecology and the body is essentially a Yin-Yang balance. Once this balance is broken， intestinal microbiota imbalance， intestinal mucosal barrier damage， immune dysfunction， and reduction of metabolite short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） will occur， which play an important role in the progression of DKD. From the perspective of the Yin-Yang theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the imbalance of intestinal microecology in DKD is equivalent to the excessive or insufficient constraint of Yin and Yang， or Yin deficiency affecting Yang， or Yang deficiency affecting Yin， or waning and waxing of Yin and Yang. For different pathogenesis changes， "Yin disease treated through Yang"， "treating Yin for Yang"， or "treating Yang for Yin" methods are adopted to regulate intestinal microbiota， inhibit immune inflammation， protect intestinal mucosal barrier， and increase SCFAs through TCM， thereby reconciling Yin and Yang to achieve the condition where "Yin is at peace and Yang is compact". Based on the Yin-Yang theory， this paper intended to interpret the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of DKD with intestinal microecology as the target and TCM in the treatment of DKD by regulating intestinal microecology as the breakthrough point to provide a novel insight for the occurrence and development of DKD and the mechanism of TCM.

Thinking of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Panvascular Diseases Based on ''Blood Vessel-Zangfu Organ-Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment'' / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The term ''panvascular'' refers to the human vascular system， which is a complex network of arteries， veins， and lymphatic vessels. Panvascular diseases refer to a group of vascular system diseases， with vascular atherosclerosis as the common pathological feature. The panvascular diseases in target organs such as the heart， brain， kidney， and limbs are caused by ischemia or bleeding， including arterial system diseases， venous system diseases， microcirculation system diseases， and Zangfu organ-blood vessel diseases. The concept of panvascular diseases integrates vascular lesions and target organ damage. In clinical practice， blood vessels in multiple regions are regarded as a large vascular unit system， and vascular lesions and the induced target organ damage are considered as a whole. Based on the holistic concept and the Zangxiang theory in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the ''blood vessel-Zangfu organ-syndrome differentiation and treatment'' network is built， on the basis of which a pattern of vascular disease-Zangfu organ dysfunction-syndrome differentiation and treatment is applied to the TCM diagnosis and treatment of panvascular diseases. The theory of treating arterial system diseases from the heart， venous system diseases from the kidneys， and microvascular system diseases from the liver is proposed. According to the causes identified based on syndrome differentiation， this paper summarizes the methods of reinforcing Yang and activating blood （including warming Yang and activating blood， replenishing Qi and activating blood， replenishing Qi， nourishing Yin and activating blood， activating Yang and blood， dispersing cold and activating blood）， cooling blood and resolving stasis， tonifying kidney and promoting urination coupled with activating blood and dredging vessels， nourishing Yin and tonifying kidney coupled with activating blood and dredging vessels， and soothing liver and regulating Qi coupled with activating blood and dredging collaterals， as well as wind-extinguishing medicines， applied to the treatment of panvascular diseases， aiming to provide methods and ideas for the treatment of vascular diseases with TCM.

The Ethical Principles of Science and Technology Need Concrete Research to Guide / 中国医学伦理学

On March 20, 2022, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued The Opinions on Strengthening Ethical Governance of Science and Technology, which put forward five ethical principles of science and technology: promoting human well-being, respecting the right to life, adhering to fairness and justice, reasonably controlling risks and maintaining openness and transparency. Ethical principles require to be studied and interpreted concretely by ethical scholars, that is, first, they need to be refined in order to be truly guided; second, the principle of balance is needed to truly guide; third, it is necessary to study ethical theory in order to truly guide; fourth, it is significant to explore Chinese civilization in order to truly guide. In this way, the ethical principles of science and technology can be practically applied and guide the concrete practice of science and technology.

Influencing Factors of Cross-cultural Communication between Medical Professionals and Patients and Ways to Improve Competence / 中国医学伦理学

In order to build a global community of health for all, it is necessary to deeply understand the influencing factors of cross-cultural communication between medical professionals and patients. Factors such as different health beliefs, cultural values and communication mediators influence cross-cultural communication between medical professionals and patients, and then affect the medical satisfaction and treatment compliance. Medical education should adopt the learning concept of constructivism, advocate maintaining a humble cultural attitude, incorporate more patient perspectives and adopt cross-cultural teaching mode to improve the cross-cultural communication competence of medical students and medical staff, so as to establish a relationship based on communication and understanding.

Professionalism Education Function of Ceremony in Medical Colleges from the Perspective of Interaction Ritual Chains Theory: Take the Graduation Ceremony of Peking University Health Science Center in 2020 as an Example / 中国医学伦理学

Taking the graduation ceremony of Peking University Health Science Center in 2020 as the observation object, this paper used Collins’ Interactive Ritual Chains Theory to analyze the form, theme and featured part of this ceremony from the dimensions of physical co-presence, barrier to outsiders, joint focus of attention and shared mood. It was found that the ceremony in medical colleges had an impact on the cognition, behavior and spirit of junior medical students in terms of group identity, emotional energy, group symbols and moral sense, which played a good role in professionalism education. Some enlightenment and thinking were obtained on this basis to provide some references for medical colleges to give full play to the educational function of the professionalism in the post-epidemic era.

Potential efficacy and mechanism of eight mild-natured and bitter-flavored TCMs based on gut microbiota: A review / 中草药·英文版

The mild-natured and bitter-flavored traditional Chinese medicines (MB-TCMs) are an important class of TCMs that have been widely used in clinical practice and recognized as safe long-term treatments for chronic diseases. However, as an important class of TCMs, the panorama of pharmacological effects and the mechanisms of MB-TCMs have not been systemically reviewed. Compelling studies have shown that gut microbiota can mediate the therapeutic activity of TCMs and help to elucidate the core principles of TCM medicinal theory. In this systematic review, we found that MB-TCMs commonly participated in the modulation of metabolic syndrome, intestinal inflammation, nervous system disease and cardiovascular system disease in association with promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia as well as inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria Helicobacter, Enterococcus, Desulfovibrio and Escherichia-Shigella. These alterations, correspondingly, enhance the generation of protective metabolites, mainly including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acid (BAs), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), indole and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and inhibit the generation of harmful metabolites, such as proinflammatory factors trimethylamine oxide (TAMO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to further exert multiplicative effects for the maintenance of human health through several different signaling pathways. Altogether, this present review has attempted to comprehensively summarize the relationship between MB-TCMs and gut microbiota by establishing the TCMs-gut microbiota-metabolite-signaling pathway-diseases axis, which may provide new insight into the study of TCM medicinal theories and their clinical applications.

Elemene Antitumor Drugs Development Based on "Molecular Compatibility Theory" and Clinical Application: A Retrospective and Prospective Outlook / 中国结合医学杂志

Elemene, derived from Curcuma wenyujin, one of the "8 famous genuine medicinal materials of Zhejiang province," exhibits remarkable antitumor activity. It has gained wide recognition in clinical practice for effectiveness on tumors. Dr. XIE Tian, introduced the innovative concept of "molecular compatibility theory" by combining Chinese medicine principles, specifically the "monarch, minister, assistant, and envoy" theory, with modern biomedical technology. This groundbreaking approach, along with a systematic analysis of Chinese medicine and modern biomedical knowledge, led to the development of elemene nanoliposome formulations. These novel formulations offer numerous advantages, including low toxicity, well-defined composition, synergistic effects on multiple targets, and excellent biocompatibility. Following the principles of the "molecular compatibility theory", further exploration of cancer treatment strategies and methods based on elemene was undertaken. This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of elemene's potential antitumor mechanisms, recent clinical investigations, advancements in drug delivery systems, and structural modifications. The ultimate goal of this review is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for researchers, empowering them to develop more effective antitumor drugs based on the principles of "molecular compatibility theory".

Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem à Paciente Politraumatizado à Luz da Teoria de Callista Roy / Systematization of the Nursing Care of the Polytraumatized Patient Accordingly to Calista Roy's Theory / Systematization of the Nursing Care of the Polytraumatized Patient Accordingly to Calista Roy's Theory

Objetivo: Sistematizar a assistência de enfermagem à luz da teoria de Callista-Roy no cuidado ao paciente politraumatizado. Método:Trata-se de um estudo do tipo qualitativo de abordagem descritiva e exploratória na modalidade de caso clínico, realizado por estudantes de Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual de Feirade Santana no Hospital Geral Clériston Andrade na Clínica Ortopédica. A prática ocorreu em setembro de 2023, onde foram coletados dados e prestados cuidados à paciente. Resultados:Foi aplicada a Sistematização de Enfermagem, sob perspectiva da teoria deCallista-Roy, onde a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do prontuário e contato direto com a paciente. Segundo a teoria, foram identificados os modos de adaptação físico-fisiológico, identidade de autoconceito, interdependência e desempenho de papel. Por fim, com base nas informações colhidas, foram realizados o planejamento, implementação e avaliação das condutas adotadas. Considerações finais:. Portanto, através da aplicação da sistematização de Enfermagem e do Modelo de adaptação é possível observara importância do exercício profissional da Enfermagem no processo de cuidado holístico, a fim de garantir as melhores condições de recuperação que perpassam o físico, como também na fundamentação teórico-prática do trabalho de enfermagem.

Objective: Systematize nursing assistance based on Callista-Roy's theory in the care of polytraumatized patients. Method:This is a qualitative study with a descriptive and exploratory approach in the form of a clinical case, carried out by nursing students from the State University of Feira de Santana at Clériston Andrade General Hospital in the Orthopedic Clinic. The practice took place in September 2023, where data were collected, and care was provided to the patient. Results:The Nursing Process was applied from the perspective of Callista-Roy's theory, with data collection performed through medical records and direct contact with the patient. According to the theory, modes of physical-physiological adaptation, self-concept identity, interdependence, and role performance were identified. Finally, based on the gathered information, planning, implementation, and evaluation of the adopted measures were carried out. Final considerations: Therefore, through the application of the nursing process and the Adaptation Model, it is possible to observe the importance of the nursing profession in the holistic care process, aiming to ensure the best conditions for recovery that go beyond the physical, as well as in the theoretical-practical foundation of nursing work.

Objetivo: Sistematizar la asistencia de enfermería a la luz de la teoría de Callista-Roy en el cuidado del paciente politraumatizado. Método:Se trata de un estudio cualitativo con enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio en forma de caso clínico, realizado por estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Estatal de Feira de Santana en el Hospital General Clériston Andrade en la Clínica Ortopédica. La práctica tuvo lugar en septiembre de 2023, donde se recopilaron datos y se brindó atención a la paciente. Resultados:Se aplicó el Proceso de Enfermería desde la perspectiva de la teoría de Callista-Roy, con la recopilación de datos realizada a través de expedientes médicos y contacto directo con la paciente. Según la teoría, se identificaron modos de adaptación físico-fisiológica, identidad del autoconcepto, interdependencia y desempeño del rol. Finalmente, con base en la información recopilada, se llevaron a cabo la planificación, implementación y evaluación de las medidas adoptadas. Consideraciones finales: Por lo tanto, mediante la aplicación del proceso de enfermería Y el Modelo de Adaptación, es posible observar la importancia de la profesión de enfermería en el proceso de atención integral, con el objetivo de garantizar las mejores condiciones de recuperación que van más allá de lo físico, así como en la fundamentación teórico-práctica del trabajo de enfermería.

Fundamentos do processo de trabalho em terapia ocupacional: uma abordagem analítica a partir do diálogo entre Terapia Ocupacional Social e Saúde Coletiva Latino-Americana / Labor process foundations of occupational therapy: an analytical approach based on the dialogue between Social Occupational Therapy and Latin American Collective Health / Fundamentos del proceso de trabajo de la terapia ocupacional: una aproximación analítica basada en el dialogo entre Terapia Social Ocupacional y Salud Colectiva Latinoamericana

Resumo Introdução Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem analítica da prática da terapia ocupacional baseada no materialismo histórico dialético, compreendendo que a prática profissional da terapia ocupacional é considerada trabalho no sistema capitalista, podendo ser analisada à luz da Teoria do Processo de Trabalho. Objetivo Propor uma abordagem analítica com o intuito de apoiar o desenvolvimento de práticas de terapia ocupacional emancipatórias, baseadas no diálogo entre a Terapia Ocupacional Social e a Saúde Coletiva Latino-Americana. Método Com base na pesquisa-ação emancipatória, foram realizadas dez oficinas com dez terapeutas ocupacionais visando à produção coletiva de conhecimento. Resultados A atividade humana foi identificada como objeto do processo de trabalho da terapia ocupacional, definida pela categoria trabalho em sua dimensão ontológica. A participação radical foi proposta como o produto intencionado deste processo, sendo entendida como a participação na luta por transformar elementos da determinação social das condições coletivas de trabalho e vida. Os sujeitos desse processo são os terapeutas ocupacionais e os indivíduos, grupos e/ou comunidades acompanhados, todos entendidos como seres sociais em parceria para a transformação social. São identificadas quatro ferramentas teórico-metodológicas: análise emancipatória de atividades humanas, proposição emancipatória de atividades humanas, operacionalização da participação radical e intervenções sobre o tecido social. Conclusão A terapia ocupacional como prática social oferece uma contribuição específica para o desenvolvimento de uma práxis revolucionária coletiva que, voltada para a realização de uma utopia concreta, poderá gerar os meios para produzir uma nova sociedade.

Abstract Introduction This paper presents an analytical approach to occupational therapy practice grounded in historical dialectical materialism. It understands occupational therapy professional practice as work within a capitalist system, and thus subject to analysis through the labor process theory. Objective To propose an analytical approach to occupational therapy practice aimed at supporting the development of an emancipatory practice framework based on the dialogue between Social Occupational Therapy and Latin American Collective Health. Method Utilizing emancipatory action research methodologies, this study conducted 10 workshops with 10 occupational therapists aimed at collective knowledge production. Results Human activity is identified as the object of occupational therapy working process, defined by the category work in its ontological dimension. Radical participation is set as the intended product of this process, which entails engaging in efforts to transform the social determination of collective living conditions. The individuals in this process include occupational therapists and the followed-up individuals, groups, and/or communities, all viewed as social beings collaborating toward social transformation. Four theoretical-methodological tools are identified: emancipatory analysis of human activities, emancipatory proposition of human activities, operationalization of radical participation, and interventions in the social fabric. Conclusion Occupational therapy, as a form of social practice, offers a specific contribution to the development of a collective revolutionary praxis. This praxis, aimed at realizing a concrete utopia, seeks to generate the means to create a new society.

Resumen Introducción Este artículo presenta una aproximación analítica a la práctica de la terapia ocupacional basada en el materialismo histórico dialéctico. Entiende la práctica profesional de terapia ocupacional como trabajo bajo el capitalismo y, como tal, puede ser analizada bajo la teoría del proceso de trabajo. Objetivo Proponer un enfoque analítico de la práctica de la terapia ocupacional con la intención de apoyar el desarrollo posterior de un marco para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional emancipadora basada en el dialogo entre la Terapia Ocupacional Social y la Salud Colectiva Latinoamericana. Método A partir de una investigación acción emancipadora, se realizaron 10 talleres con diez terapeutas ocupacionales con el objetivo de la producción colectiva de conocimiento. Resultados La actividad humana es identificada como objeto del proceso de trabajo de la terapia ocupacional, definida por la categoría trabajo en su dimensión ontológica. La participación radical se establece como el producto previsto del proceso, es decir, la participación en la lucha por los elementos transformadores de la determinación social de las condiciones de vida colectivas. Los sujetos del proceso de trabajo son los terapeutas ocupacionales y los individuos, grupos y/o comunidades acompañados, todos entendidos como seres sociales en colaboración para la transformación social. Se identifican cuatro herramientas teórico-metodológicas: análisis emancipatorio de las actividades humanas, propuesta emancipadora de las actividades humanas, operacionalización de la participación radical e intervenciones en el tejido social. Conclusión La terapia ocupacional como práctica social ofrece una contribución específica al desarrollo de una praxis revolucionaria colectiva que, dirigida a realizar una utopía concreta, puede generar los medios para producir una nueva sociedad.