Tuberculosis Infection and Incidence of Loss to Follow Up among HIV Patients at Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Indonesia: A Retrospective Study

@#Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection experienced by HIV patients that can affect the success of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. This study aimed to determine the association between tuberculosis infection and loss to follow-up (LTFU) among HIV patients after ARV therapy initiation. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted by observing HIV patients in Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Indonesia who were diagnosed in 2015 for 39 months based on medical records data. The number of samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 170 patients. Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression were the statistical tests used to analyze data in this study. Results: The probability of HIV patients to retain in ARV therapy for 39 months was 90% among HIV co-infected TB patients and 84% among HIV without TB co-infection. However, no significant difference was found (p-value = 0.41). Most of the incidence of LTFU in both groups occurred in the first year after ARV initiation. Cox Regression analysis showed that TB infection did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of LTFU ARV therapy (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.18 – 2.08; p-value = 0.44). Conclusion: This study found that TB infection did not have a significant association with LTFU after ARV initiation. However, most of LTFU in both groups (the co-infection group and without TB co-infection) occurred in the first year of ARV therapy. Providing intensive counseling in the initial phase could increase the commitment of HIV patients for staying in ARV therapy.

Tuberculosis y SIDA en Cuba: Estudio de dos series de casos / Tuberculosis and AIDS in Cuba: A study of two series of cases

Objetivo: Caracterizar dos grupos de enfermos con SIDA y tuberculosis (TB) diagnosticados antes y después de generalizada la terapia antirretrovirai de alta eficacia (TARVAE) en Cuba. Métodos: Diseño descriptivo y correlacional en dos series de casos en 149 enfermos con SIDA y TB: serie I, 72 casos (enero 1997-marzo 2001, antes de la TARVAE); serie II, 77 casos (mayo 2001-julio 2004, después de la TARVAE). Todos los casos fueron egresados del Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí" de La Habana, Cuba. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, clínicas, microbiológicas e inmunológicas por revisión de expedientes clínicos. Resultados principales y conclusiones: Predominó el sexo masculino en ambas series; la edad media varió de los 30 a los 33 años. El 58.3% y el 57.1% de los casos de ambas series clasificaba como enfermo SIDA en el momento de la TB, ésta fue la primera enfermedad indicadora del síndrome en el 64.9% de los casos en la serie II, 48.6% en el resto. En la serie II, el 54.5% de los enfermos tuvieron un recuento de LTCD4+ < 200 células, indicando mejor estado inmunológico respecto a la serie I (76.4%). El estado clínico de la TB fue semejante en ambos grupos; en la serie II, hubo mayor frecuencia de fiebre de origen desconocido (92.2%), diaforesis nocturna (64.9%), disnea (14.3%) y linfadenopatías regionales (27.3%). La localización pulmonar fue la más frecuente en ambas series (79.2 y 75.35%); en 9 casos de la serie II se diagnosticó TB diseminada (11.7%). Las formas radiológicas más frecuentes fueron el infiltrado inflamatorio difuso de las bases, la mediastinal y la TB con radiografía negativa; en la serie II, hubo lesiones cavitarías (7.8%) y apicales (14.3%), pero menos afectación de las bases (18.2% vs 36.1%); no hubo correlación entre el recuento promedio de LTCD4+ y las formas clínicas y radiológicas de la TB. En la serie II resultó inferior la frecuencia de baciloscopías y cultivos de esputos positivos y superior la de Mantoux reactivos (32.9%) y exámenes anatomohistológicos positivos (16.9%).

Objective: Analysis of groups of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed before and after the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Cuba. Methods: Chart analysis of 149 cases with AIDS and TB. Series I, 72 cases (January 1997-March 2001, before HAART). Series II, 77 cases (May 2001-June 2004, after HAART); all the patients were discharged from the "Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Pedro Kourí" in Havana, Cuba. Results and conclusions: There was a predominance of young (30-33ys) males in both series; 58.3% and 57.1% of cases classified as AIDS at the appearance of TB; TB was the first indicator of AIDS in 64.9% of cases in Series II; 54.5% of cases in Series II and 36.4% in Series I had < 200 CD4 + TL cells, probably related to better immunologic status. Clinical profile was similar; fever of uknown origin, nocturnal sweats, dyspnea and regional lymphadenopathies were more frequent in Series II. Amongst TB cases, pulmonary disease was more frequent (79.2% and 75.3%, respectively); 9 cases (11.7%) of Series II had disseminated TB. Diffuse basal and mediastinal shadows and negative chest X rays were more frequent; there was no correlation between the counts of CD4+ TL cells and the clinical and radiological forms of TB. Series II had a lower invadence of positive sputum smears and positive cultures and a higher incidence of positive intradermal reaction to tuberculin and positive tissue diagnoses for TB.