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@#Paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination is a threat to human health. Based on review of research articles pertaining to paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination in shellfishes and assessment of dietary exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning in coastal cities of China from 2007 to 2022, the article describes the status of paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination, influencing factors and dietary exposure assessment in different sea areas of China (Bohai Sea, Huanghai Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea), and the relatively high-level contamination of paralytic shellfish poisoning in shellfishes is found to strongly correlate with red tides caused by season and water temperature in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea areas. Acute exposure assessment based on point estimate model is commonly used for assessment of dietary exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning, and the risk of human dietary exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning is within the acceptable range in most areas. Intensified monitoring of paralytic shellfish poisoning contamination in shellfishes and full consideration of parameters like processing factor during dietary exposure assessment are required in the future to allow more precise results.
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Introducción: El intermareal rocoso constituye un paisaje marino costero dominante en el Pacífico Tropical Oriental, albergando comunidades biológicas altamente diversas y funcionalmente complejas. El conocimiento sobre la diversidad y los diversos procesos biológicos que ocurren en tales ambientes es, no obstante, bastante limitado a escala regional. Objetivo: Cuantificar, describir y comparar (a escala regional) la diversidad ictiológica asociada al intermareal rocoso del Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica, así como evaluar y discutir algunos patrones biogeográficos y ecológicos. Métodos: Entre 2014 y 2019 se muestrearon un total de 49 pozas de marea en siete ubicaciones dentro del ACG. Se obtuvieron datos sobre diversidad absoluta (presencia/ausencia de especies), además de algunos datos ecológicos (estatus de residencia, estadio(s) de desarrollo, gremio trófico, hábitos de agrupación y crípticos y distribución generalizada) los cuales se compararon con datos publicados de otros estudios/inventarios llevados a cabo en diversas localidades (20) a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico Oriental. Por medio de un análisis de similitud se evaluaron posibles patrones de agrupamiento entre localidades (según su composición de especies) y, bajo una perspectiva biogeográfica, hipótesis previas de regionalización. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 67 especies de peces óseos asociadas al intermareal rocoso del ACG, siendo la localidad con datos publicados, más diversa a nivel del Pacífico Oriental. En el ACG los componentes/categorías transitorio con 30 especies (44.8 %), juveniles con 38 especies (55.9 %), carnívoros con 47 especies (70.1 %), solitarios con 32 especies (47.8 %) y endémico del PTO con 66 especies (98 %), fueron dominantes. A nivel regional se recopilaron datos para un total de 246 especies. Los resultados del análisis de similitud soportaron el esquema de división biogeográfico, definido a priori, a nivel regional, con las localidades ubicadas dentro de las provincias Californiana, Cortez, Mexicana, Panámica y Peruana-Chilena recuperadas como grupos altamente consistentes. Esta estructura es consecuente con el efecto de barreras como las brechas arenosas de Sinaloa y Centroamericana, entre otras, limitando el flujo de especies entre unidades biogeográficas. Conclusiones: El ACG presenta una elevada diversidad ictiológica asociada a su intermareal rocoso producto de una combinación de factores única a nivel regional. Los resultados de este estudio refuerzan además la necesidad de realizar más estudios básicos y aplicados a diferentes escalas local y regional con el objetivo de ayudar a comprender y conocer mejor diversos aspectos clave de la dinámica y procesos físico-químico-biológicos ocurriendo en las zonas intermareales, de su riqueza biológica asociada, de su importancia dentro del paisaje marino-costero como un continuo y de las posibles afectaciones que estos podrían sufrir debido al impacto de las actividades humanas.
Introduction: The rocky intertidal constitutes a dominant coastal seascape in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, harboring highly diverse and functionally complex biological communities. The knowledge about the diversity and the diverse biological processes that occur in such environments is, however, quite limited on a regional scale. Objective: Quantify, describe and compare (on a regional scale) the ichthyological diversity associated with the rocky intertidal zone of the Guanacaste Conservation Area (ACG), Costa Rica, as well as to evaluate and discuss some biogeographic and ecological patterns. Methods: A total of 49 tide pools were sampled between 2014 and 2019, at seven locations within the ACG. Data on absolute diversity (presence/absence of species) were obtained, in addition to some ecological data (residence status, development stage (s), trophic guild, aggregation and cryptic habits and generalized geographic distribution), these data were compared with published records from other surveys/inventories carried out at various locations (20) along the Eastern Pacific coast. Through a similarity analysis, both possible clustering patterns between localities (according to their species composition) and previous hypotheses of regionalization, under a biogeographic perspective, were evaluated. Results: A total of 67 species of bony fish were recorded in the rocky intertidal area of the ACG, being this the most diverse locality (with published data) in the Eastern Pacific. The components/categories "transitory" with 30 species (44.8 %), "juveniles" with 38 species (55.9 %), "carnivores" with 47 species (70.1 %), "solitary" with 32 species (47.8 %) and "endemic to the ETP" with 66 species (98 %), were dominant (in terms of the total number of species) within the ACG. The results of the similarity analysis supported the biogeographic division scheme, defined a priori; with the localities within the Californian, Cortez, Mexican, Panamic and Peruvian-Chilean provinces recovered as highly consistent groups. This structure is consistent with the effect of barriers such as the sandy gaps of Sinaloa and Central America, among others, limiting the flow of species between biogeographic units. Conclusions: The ACG has a high ichthyological diversity associated with its rocky intertidal zone, which is product of a unique combination of factors at the regional level. The results of this study reinforce the need to carry out more basic and applied studies with the aim of helping to better understand and know different key aspects of the dynamics and physical-chemical-biological processes occurring in intertidal zones, of its associated biological diversity, of its importance within the marine-coastal landscape as a continuum and of the possible effects that these environments could suffer due to the impact of human activities.
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Objective To compare the effectiveness of snail control between immersion of molluscicides through tide diversion and mollusciciding by spraying in marshland areas. Methods Immersion of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide through tide diversion and spraying 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide alone were employed for snail control in two neighboring snail-breeding marshlands, and snails were surveyed before and after mollusciciding. The mortality of snails and the density of living snails were estimated. Results The density of living snails reduced by 72.19% and 100.00% 1 and 2 years after immersion of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide through tide diversion, and 5.93% and 18.15% 1 and 2 years after spraying 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide alone. Conclusion Immersion of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide through tide diversion is significantly superior to spraying 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide along for snail control, and implementation of immersion of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide through tide diversion for more than 2 successive years may achieve a higher snail control efficiency.
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Objective To compare the effectiveness of snail control between immersion of molluscicides through tide diversion and mollusciciding by spraying in marshland areas. Methods Immersion of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide through tide diversion and spraying 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide alone were employed for snail control in two neighboring snail-breeding marshlands, and snails were surveyed before and after mollusciciding. The mortality of snails and the density of living snails were estimated. Results The density of living snails reduced by 72.19% and 100.00% 1 and 2 years after immersion of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide through tide diversion, and 5.93% and 18.15% 1 and 2 years after spraying 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide alone. Conclusion Immersion of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide through tide diversion is significantly superior to spraying 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide along for snail control, and implementation of immersion of 26% suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide through tide diversion for more than 2 successive years may achieve a higher snail control efficiency.
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Objective@#To explore the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms and toxicity of Methotrexate(MTX) chemotherapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).@*Methods@#From January 2015 to June 2018, 128 pediatric patients with ALL in southern Fujian who were admitted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were selected.Their peripheral blood 2 mL was collected and genomic DNA was extracted.The MTHFR genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) direct sequencing method, and the clinical significance of HD-MTX on ALL children with toxic and side effects was evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria.@*Results@#Among 128 children, 54 cases(42.2%) presented rash, 48 cases (37.5%)with mucosal lesions, 51 cases (39.8%) with liver function damage, 23 cases (18.0%) with renal function damage, 52 cases (40.6%) with gastrointestinal reactions, 38 cases (29.7%)with leukopenia, 34 cases (26.6%) with thrombocytopenia and 63 cases (49.2%) with hemoglobin reduction.There was no significant difference in the incidence of MTX adverse reactions (rash, mucosa lesions, liver and renal function damage, gastrointestinal reaction, leukopenia, hemoglobin decrease and thrombocytopenia) between the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms (all P>0.05). The different clinical risk (MTX dose) of the children was not statistically signi-ficant in the MTHFR C677T and A1298C genotypes and allele frequencies (χ2=2.573, 2.264, 1.615, 0.267; all P>0.05). There was no significant difference among the abnormal incidence of MTX at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (all P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms do not seem to be good markers of MTX-related toxicity and/or outcome in pediatric ALL in southern Fujian, and its clinical application still needs further discussion.
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Objective To explore the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase( MTHFR) C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms and toxicity of Methotrexate(MTX)chemotherapy in pediatric acute lympho-blastic leukemia(ALL). Methods From January 2015 to June 2018,128 pediatric patients with ALL in southern Fu-jian who were admitted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were selected. Their peripheral blood 2 mL was collected and genomic DNA was extracted. The MTHFR genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) direct sequencing method,and the clinical significance of HD-MTX on ALL children with toxic and side effects was evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria. Results Among 128 children,54 cases (42. 2% )presented rash,48 cases(37. 5% )with mucosal lesions,51 cases(39. 8% )with liver function damage,23 ca-ses(18. 0% )with renal function damage,52 cases(40. 6% )with gastrointestinal reactions,38 cases(29. 7% )with leu-kopenia,34 cases(26. 6% )with thrombocytopenia and 63 cases(49. 2% )with hemoglobin reduction. There was no significant difference in the incidence of MTX adverse reactions(rash,mucosa lesions,liver and renal function damage, gastrointestinal reaction,leukopenia,hemoglobin decrease and thrombocytopenia ) between the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms(all P>0. 05). The different clinical risk(MTX dose)of the children was not statistically signi-ficant in the MTHFR C677T and A1298C genotypes and allele frequencies( χ2 =2. 573,2. 264,1. 615,0. 267;all P>0. 05). There was no significant difference among the abnormal incidence of MTX at 24 h,48 h and 72 h(all P>0. 05). Conclusions MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms do not seem to be good markers of MTX-related toxicity and/or outcome in pediatric ALL in southern Fujian,and its clinical application still needs further discussion.
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Kawasaki disease ( KD) is an acute febrile illness that preferentially affects children youn-ger than 5 years old and the primary cause of acquired heart disease during childhood. Coronary artery aneu-rysms ( CAA) is a serious complication of KD, leading to ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Timely initiation of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIG) has reduced the incidence of CAA from 25％ to 4％. Nitrogen-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) , originally used for the management of adults with heart disease, was shown to be useful in the diagnosis and management of patients with KD. NT-proBNP is released by cardiomyocytes in response to mechanical factors, such as the dilation of cardiac chambers, and to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Patients with KD have higher NT-proBNP at the time of diagnosis than febrile controls. Moreover, patients with resistance to IVIG treatment and CAA were found to have higher levels of NT-proBNP, suggesting a prognostic role. This review summarizes the signifi-cance of NT-proBNP in the diagnostic value of KD in recent years.
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The present study focused on the aspects of diatom population changes through the spring-neap-spring tidal phases along the Elechi creek - an estuary of the Bonny River. Water samples at high and low tide were collected during a cycle of spring-neap-spring cycle between September and November 2015. Diatoms were counted at different magnifications of x250 and x400. Counting was in 100 fields of view along several transects. Total diatoms were calculated as a relationship between the area of grid (mm2), number of grids counted and area of counting chamber (1000 mm2). Diatoms density ranged from 1678 cells L-1 (high tide) to 3731 cells L-1 (low tide) with a mean value of 8.87 ± 6.64 cells L-1. During the lunar phases diatoms abundance ranged from 431 ± 0.2 cells L-1 (last quarter) to 396 ± 0.2 cells L-1 (new moon), to 430 ± 0.3 cells L-1 (full moon), to 421 ± 0.2 cells L-1 (first quarter). The result revealed evidence of changes in diatom abundance and variability. At low tide, the abundance and variability of diatom was higher than the observation at high tide. There was also a significant difference between mean counts of the diatoms during various moon phases; but there was no significant difference in the abundance between spring and neap tide. These findings are crucial for ecological inference during environmental assessment surveys. A consideration of these factors is suggested as necessary to avoid poor estimates that can drastically alter impact assessment conclusions.
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Abstract: Coral reef-based tourism has risen sharply across the globe, coupled with an increase in fish feeding by visitors. Studies indicate that fish feeding is one of the leading causes of changes in distribution patterns, abundance, the structure of marine fish communities, and fish behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of human presence and fish feeding on the behavior of reef fish by conducting in situ experiments in tide pools in a Marine Protected Area located at the northern limit of the Abrolhos Bank in the South Atlantic Ocean. Eight feeding sessions were conducted and filmed, resulting in a total of 160 minutes of video footage. Each filming session recorded four different experimental conditions alternating between human presence, human absence, and fish feeding. Our findings suggest that fish feeding may cause changes in fish behavior, such as habituation to human presence, conditioning to fish feeding, increased aggressiveness, attacks on humans, and short-term changes in species distribution. The continuation of fish feeding over time can cause an increase in the size of the populations of species that consume food provided during feeding and consequently trigger changes in the structure of communities.
Resumo: O uso turístico de recifes de corais tem aumentado fortemente em todo o mundo, e com ele o fornecimento de alimento aos peixes por humanos. Porém, estudos indicam essa atividade como causa de distúrbios nos padrões de distribuição, abundância, estrutura da comunidade e comportamento de peixes marinhos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da presença humana e da alimentação artificial no comportamento dos peixes recifais, através de experimentos in situ realizados em piscinas de maré de uma Área Marinha Protegida no limite Norte do Banco dos Abrolhos, Atlântico Sul. Para isso foram realizadas 8 sessões (160 min) de filmagem remota do experimento de alimentação artificial. Cada sessão de filmagem registrou quatro tratamentos, os quais alternavam momentos de presença e ausência humana, e de alimentação dos peixes.Os resultados encontrados indicam que a alimentação artificial tem provocado alterações comportamentais nos peixes como a habituação à presença humana, condicionamento à oferta de alimento, aumento da agressividade, ataques a humanos e alterações na distribuição das espécies em curto prazo. A permanência da atividade de alimentação artificial, ao longo do tempo, pode provocar o aumento das populações que consomem o alimento oferecido e consequentemente, desencadear alterações na estrutura da comunidade.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between nucleo-tide-binding domain leucinerich-containing family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) and the pathogenesis of arthritis.Methods The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse were divided into two groups:the model group (CIA,n=16) and the control group (n=8).The arthritis score and imaging evaluation (X-rays,Micro-CT) were performed;Synovial tissue NLRP3 expression were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.Joint clinical score,radiographic score and joint NLRP3 expression were analyzed suing Pearson correlation analysis.Results The arthritis score (6.0±2.5),imaging score (4.6±0.9) and synovial tissue NLRP3 expression (4.0±2.0) were significantly increased in the CIA mice.The expression of synovial NLRP3 was positively correlated with arthritis clinical and radiographic scores (r=0.792,P＜0.05;r=0.669,P=0.005,respectively).Conclusion Synovial NLRP3 expression level is correlated with the clinical arthritis severity and extent of radiological destructions,suggesting that NLRP3 is involved in the pathogenesis of CIA.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of nucleo(s)tide analogues (NAs)sequen-tial/NAs sequential combined with pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Chinese Medical databases (CNKI,Wan-fang and VIP)from database establishment to March 25,2017 were retrieved,randomized controlled trials of NAs sequential/sequential combined with Peg-IFN for the treatment of CHB after application of NAs to achieve virologic response were included in study,Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software,HBeAg seroconversion rate and HBsAg negative conversion rate at the end of treatment were compared.Results Nine studies were eventu-ally included,4 were about NAs sequential Peg-IFN,5 about NAs sequential combined with Peg-IFN.At the end of treatment,compared with using NAs monotherapy for antiviral treatment,NAs sequential/sequential combined with Peg-IFN therapy can improve HBeAg seroconversion rate(31.2% vs 11.7%;OR,3.69 [95%CI ,2.43 -5.60];P < 0.01 )and HBsAg negative conversion rate(11.5% vs 0.5%;OR,9.31 [95%CI ,2.72 - 31.89];P <0.01).According to the results of subgroup analysis,HBeAg seroconversion rate in NAs sequential Peg-IFN therapy group was higher than control group (25.3% [42/166]vs 10.0% [17/170];OR,3.1 [95%CI ,1.66 -5.79];P <0.01);HBeAg seroconversion rate in NAs sequential combined with Peg-IFN therapy was higher than control group (36.8%[63/171]vs 13.5%[23/171];OR,4.24[95%CI ,2.41 -7.46];P <0.01).Sequential/se-quential combination therapy showed more adverse reaction,most of which can be tolerated or improved after symp-tomatic treatment.Conclusion For the treatment of HBeAg-positive CHB,after application of NAs to achieve viro-logic response,NAs sequential/sequential combined with Peg-IFN therapy for 48 weeks can significantly increase HBeAg seroconversion rate and HBsAg negative conversion rate.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of nucleo(s)tide analogues (NAs)sequen-tial/NAs sequential combined with pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Chinese Medical databases (CNKI,Wan-fang and VIP)from database establishment to March 25,2017 were retrieved,randomized controlled trials of NAs sequential/sequential combined with Peg-IFN for the treatment of CHB after application of NAs to achieve virologic response were included in study,Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software,HBeAg seroconversion rate and HBsAg negative conversion rate at the end of treatment were compared.Results Nine studies were eventu-ally included,4 were about NAs sequential Peg-IFN,5 about NAs sequential combined with Peg-IFN.At the end of treatment,compared with using NAs monotherapy for antiviral treatment,NAs sequential/sequential combined with Peg-IFN therapy can improve HBeAg seroconversion rate(31.2% vs 11.7%;OR,3.69 [95%CI ,2.43 -5.60];P < 0.01 )and HBsAg negative conversion rate(11.5% vs 0.5%;OR,9.31 [95%CI ,2.72 - 31.89];P <0.01).According to the results of subgroup analysis,HBeAg seroconversion rate in NAs sequential Peg-IFN therapy group was higher than control group (25.3% [42/166]vs 10.0% [17/170];OR,3.1 [95%CI ,1.66 -5.79];P <0.01);HBeAg seroconversion rate in NAs sequential combined with Peg-IFN therapy was higher than control group (36.8%[63/171]vs 13.5%[23/171];OR,4.24[95%CI ,2.41 -7.46];P <0.01).Sequential/se-quential combination therapy showed more adverse reaction,most of which can be tolerated or improved after symp-tomatic treatment.Conclusion For the treatment of HBeAg-positive CHB,after application of NAs to achieve viro-logic response,NAs sequential/sequential combined with Peg-IFN therapy for 48 weeks can significantly increase HBeAg seroconversion rate and HBsAg negative conversion rate.
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Objective To investigate the levels of creatine kinase (CK-MB), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and neu-ropeptide Y (NPY) in severe pneumonia pediatric patients combined with heart failure (HF). Methods Pneumonia pediatric patients admitted from December 2010 to December 2014 had been enrolled and divided into pneumonia group (P) (n=32), se-vere pneumonia group (SP) (n=20) and severe pneumonia combined HF group (HF) (n=36). Twenty healthy children served as control group (C). Serum level of CK-MB was detected by enzyme rate method and were measured by ELISA. BNP and NPY were measured again during the recovery period in 18 cases in HF group. Results The serum levels of CK-MB, BNP and NPY were signiifcantly different among the four groups, (F=25.19~277.94, P0.05). The serum levels of BNP and NPY were not statistically signiifcant between SP and P and C group (all P>0.05). In HF group, the serum levels of CK-MB, BNP, and NPY were signiifcantly decreased in 18 cases after treatment. The serum level of BNP was positively correlat-ed with CK-MB and NPY (r=0.681, 0.525, all P<0.01) and the NPY and CK-MB levels were also positively correlated (r=0.545, P<0.01). Conclusions The Detection of the serum levels of CK-MB, BNP and NPY can help diagnose severe pneumonia com-bined with HF. The BNP maybe the most sensitive indicator.
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Chitosan(CS)surface was modified with hydrophobic octyl groups to prepare N-octyl chitosan(nitro-gen-octyl chitosan;OC).Then hydrophilic group carboxyl-polyethylene glycol-amino (PEG);tumor-targeting lig-and D-glucosamine(DG);and membrane-penetrating peptide 9-D-arginine(9R)were linked to OC successively. Then the DG and 9R modified chitosan micelle (DG/9R-PEG-OC)with tumor-targeting and transmembrane effect was prepared.By hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (1 H NMR)and sodium dodecyl sul-fate polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE);the successful formation of DG/9R-PEG-OC was certified;with particle size of 151.8 nm and Zeta potential of 16.5 mV.The morphology of chitosan micelle observed by transmission electron microscope was homogeneous spherical structure.The drug loading content (DLC)(using fluorescein as a model drug)and encapsulation efficiency (EE)were about 28.2% and 75.0% measured by UV-visible spectrophotometer.Meanwhile;the drug showed a controlled releasing profile out of the micelle.Cellu-lar uptake experiments indicated DG/9 R-PEG-OC micelle had a significant tumor-tageting and transmembrane effects;especially on HepG2 cells;which exbihited high expression of the glucose transporter.Thus DG/9R-PEG-OC micelle could be a promising drug targeted delivery system of hydrophobic antitumor drugs.
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Objective To assess the association between polymorphisms in HIF1α gene and prognosis of advanced hepatocelluar carcinoma.Methods We collected prognosis data from a cohort of 448 advanced HCC patients treated by transarterial chemoembo-lisation,and used 5ml peripheral blood from patients for extraction DNA.Three SNPs (rs2301 1 13、rs2057482 and rs1 957757 )in HIF1αgene were selected and genotyped.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model,Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used for prognosis analyses.Results The variant-containing genotypes (WV+VV)of SNP rs2301 1 13 exhibited a significant associ-ation with a better overall survival in HCC patients who had tumor size smaller than 5 cm (hazard ratio [HR],0.58,95% confidence interval [CI],0.35-0.96,P =0.036).In the patients taken single tumor subgroup,the variant-containing genotypes (WV+VV) of SNP rs2301 1 13 exhibited a significant association with a better overall survival (log-rank P =0.048),comparing to those carrying wild-type genotype.Conclusion Our results suggest that polymorphisms in HIF1αgene may serve as an independent prognosis bio-marker for advanced HCC patient.
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The objective is to evaluate the tidal level’s relationships to the onset of labor and the premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PROMs) in pregnant women. This study is a retrospective analysis of 313 spontaneous full-term deliveries over a one-year period at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, T Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan. The average of the tidal level at onset of labor is significantly higher than the average tidal levels over the whole of 2010 (p=0.006). We did not find any significant relationship between the average of the tidal level at PROMs and the average tidal levels over the whole of 2010, between the number of the onset of labor and changes in the tide level, or between the number of PROMs and changes in the tide level. We concluded that when the tidal level is high, the onset of labor tends to occur more frequently. Therefore, we can presume that the gravitational pull of the Moon influences the onset of labor in pregnant women on the Earth.
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Aim To investigate the signaling mecha-nisms in endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-Ⅱ( EMAP-Ⅱ)-induced increase in blood-tumor barri-er ( BTB ) permeability. Methods Relatively pure cerebral microvessel fragments were obtained from the cortex of 3-5 days old Wistar rats by using careful dis-section, enzyme digestion, and dextran centrifugation. Then, these fragments were seeded on dishes and cul-tured primarily. In vitro BTB models were constructed by co-cultivation of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells ( BMECs) with C6 glioma cells. Confluent mono-layers of co-cultured BMECs were divided randomly in-to 5 groups ( each n=6 ): control, EMAP-Ⅱ, H7 +EMAP-Ⅱ, C3 exoenzyme + EMAP-Ⅱ, and C3 ex-oenzyme + H7 + EMAP-Ⅱ groups. Transendothelial electric resistance values and horseradish peroxidase flux were measured to evaluate changes in the BTB permeability . The expression levels of tight junction-re-lated protein occludin and ZO-1 in BMECs were meas-ured by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to identify the expression and distribution of occludin and ZO-1 in BMECs. Also, Western blot were used to de-tect the expression levels of myosin light chain ( MLC) and phosphomyosin light chain ( pMLC ) in BMECs. Results Compared with control group, the BTB per-meability of EMAP-Ⅱ group was increased significant-ly. The expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 in BMECs were significantly decreased, accompanied with marked increase in the expression level of pMLC. These above-mentioned effects of EMAP-Ⅱ were sig-nificantly inhibited by pretreatment with H7 ( an inhib-itor of PKC ) or/and C3 exoenzyme ( an inhibitor of RhoA ) . Conclusion Signaling molecules PKC and RhoA play important roles in EMAP-Ⅱ-induced in-crease in BTB permeability; signaling pathways PKC-pMLC and RhoA-pMLC are involved in this process.
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The objective is to evaluate the tidal level’s relationships to the onset of labor and the premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PROMs) in pregnant women. This study is a retrospective analysis of 313 spontaneous full-term deliveries over a one-year period at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, T Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan. The average of the tidal level at onset of labor is significantly higher than the average tidal levels over the whole of 2010 (p=0.006). We did not find any significant relationship between the average of the tidal level at PROMs and the average tidal levels over the whole of 2010, between the number of the onset of labor and changes in the tide level, or between the number of PROMs and changes in the tide level. We concluded that when the tidal level is high, the onset of labor tends to occur more frequently. Therefore, we can presume that the gravitational pull of the Moon influences the onset of labor in pregnant women on the Earth.
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Objective To explore the clinical application value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) detection in diagnosis of neonatal infection disease.Methods The serum PCT,CRP values,routine blood test,blood cultures of 50 children with suspected infection was detected at admission and five days after admission.According to the clinical manifestations and the test results,50 children were divided into the bacterial infection group (32 cases) of and non-bacterial infection group (18 cases),and the value of PCT,CRP,routine blood test,blood culture was compared.Results Of bacterial infection group at admission,the serum PCT values in 27 cases were more than or equal with 2μg/L,white blood cell (WBC) increased in 6 cases,CRP of 7 cases were positive,blood cultures (3d) of 4 cases were positive,and of non-bacterial infection group at admission,the serum PCT value in 2 cases were more than or equal with 2μg/L,WBC increased in 2 cases,blood cultures (3d) of 1 case was positive ; Of bacterial infection group 5 days after admission,the serum PCT value in 23 cases were more than or equal with 2μg/L,WBC increased in 15 cases,CRP of 6 cases were positive,blood culture (5d) of 9 case were positive,and of non-bacterial infection group 5 days after admission,the serum PCT value in 1 cases was more than or equal with 2μg/L,WBC increased in 3 cases,CRP of 4 cases were positive,blood culture (5d) of 1 case was positive.At admission the cases of WBC increasing,CRP positive,blood culture positive of the two groups had no statistically significant differences (x2 =0.50,0.19,0.62,all P ＞ 0.05),but the cases of the PCT value which was more than or equal with 2μg/L had statistically significant differences between the two groups (x2 =25.30,P ＜ 0.05).5 days after admission the cases of WBC increasing,PCT,blood culture positive of the two groups had no statistically significant differences (x2 =4.39,20.30,8.56,all P ＜ 0.05),but the cases of the CRP value significant differences between the two groups (x2 =0.83,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The detection of serum PCT can be used as an important index of diagnosis for early neonatal infections,and its sensitivity and specificity are better than,blood routine and blood culture.
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Objective To establish a long-term surviving model of ventilator induced lung injury ( VILI) in piglets with large tidal volume ventilation. Methods A total of 21 piglets were randomly( random number) divided into trial experiment group (group A,n =9), injury group ( group B,n =6) and control group ( group C, n = 6). Each piglet was intubated orotracheally and intravascular cannulae were inserted both into carotid artery and external jugular vein. The tidal volume in 60 - 80 ml/kg was given to rats of group A and 50 ml/kg to rats of group B, and free breath to rats of group C. Vital signs, pneumatic mechanics, blood-gas analysis and hemodynamics were monitored every hour ( group A and group B from just after the model established 0 h, group C from 0 ～6 h). The t test or ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Left lung tissue was sent to biopsy after experiment. Results About 6 hours after mechanical ventilation with large tidal volume, PaO2/FiO2 lower significantly both in A and B group in comparison with control group (P ＜0.05 ) and histological changes hit the ALl criteria. Piglets ventilated with 50 ml/kg of tidal volume could survive for long-term. Conclusions The model of VILI in piglets made with 50 ml/kg of tidal volume ventilation was established successfully and survived for long-term.