Processing technology of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix unearthed from tomb of Haihunhou in the Western Han Dynasty / 中国中药杂志

With the rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou in the Western Han Dynasty as the re-ference, the present study evaluated the quality of Rehmanniae Radix and investigated the processing technology of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix to lay the foundation for the research on rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix products. With catalpol and rehmannioside D as the investigation indexes, the quality and grade of Rehmanniae Radix from different producing areas were evaluated with the methods in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. UPLC method was established for the determination of catalpol and rehmannioside D in the rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix. The effects of steaming time, the amount of supplementary rice, and steaming times in the rice-steamed processing on the quality of products were investigated by L_9(3~4) orthogonal test and multi-index comprehensive balance scoring method combined with the content of catalpol and rehmannioside D and appearance characteristics. At last, the stability of the processing technology was tested. The results showed that the optimal processing technology for rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix was as follows: Rehmanniae Radix and rice(200 g∶4 g) were steamed twice at atmospheric pressure, four hours each time. The mass fractions of catalpol and rehmannioside D were 0.184% and 0.335%, respectively, and the character score was 6.5. The processing conditions are reaso-nable, stable, and feasible. It can provide a basis for the restoration of the ancient rice-steamed processing technology and references for the development of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix products in the future.

New Perspectives on the Origin of Korean Acupuncture: Based on Materials from Xiaoyingzi Tomb, Yanji and Neighbouring Region / 의사학

This article discusses the development of early acupuncture needles as demonstrated by the artifacts excavated from the Northern part of the Yanji district, Jilin, China, during the Japanese colonial era (reported in 1941). Numerous bone needles, stone needles, and other medical devices were found in the Xiaoyingzi excavation. The stone needles from Xiaoyingzi can be categorized into three grades, based on length, of 8cm, 12–15cm, and 18cm. A set of round stones for massage were also discovered, along with obsidian blades. These relics were carefully stored in the middle of the body in the stone coffin. In addition to Xiaoyingzi, stone needles were also excavated along the lower valley region of the Tuman (Tumen, 豆滿) River. These facts indicate that the owner was involved in medical practice, and that medical procedures using stone needles were quite popular at the time. This article carefully investigates that the relics have nothing to do with weaving textile or military use. Current research on the origin of acupuncture has been confined either to stone needles from the prehistoric age or to bronze needles, as well as to literature from the Warring States period to the Han China, during which acupuncture technology was considerably expanded. However, substantial knowledge on the “gap” between stone needles and metal needles has been procured through the analysis of Xiaoyingzi, Yanji. The findings of Xiaoyingzi are also significant in providing a more detailed reconstruction of the development of acupuncture in East Asia and emergence of acupuncture throughout history. A large amount of medical items (stone and bone needles, cases for needles, massage stone type bianshi, and etc.), have been excavated from Xiaoyingzi and other neighbouring sites, Along with geographic and ecological factors, this archeological data strongly suggests the medical tradition of using acupuncture needles was practiced around Tumen River basin in the Bronze Age (10th century B.C.).

Early meridian theories on unearthed medical bamboo slips from theTomb inof / 中国针灸

The meridian theories ofunearthed from the Han Tomb in Laoguanshan have close relationship with those in ancient meridian literature from Mawangdui. The meridian theories ofare different from those of the tomb figure marked with meridians and acupoints unearthed from the same tomb. The two meridian lines in the figure,which are red and white,show different meridian theories. The related content offrom Laoguanshan is a reflection for generalization trend of meridian death syndrome and acupoints.

Analysis on Tourism Value of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture of Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tomb / 中国中医药信息杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cultural tourism, with the trait of health and unique features, is based on rich resources of medicine and profound TCM culture. TCM cultural tourism focuses on making tourists get TCM knowledge and enjoy TCM tourism activities. Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tomb, a key scenic spot to develop TCM cultural tourism in Changsha, has advantages of high TCM cultural value with a good geographical position, and superior geographic and tourist viewing conditions. It has a great value in TCM cultural tourism.

Forensic Anthropological Study on Saw Marks Appearing on the Tibiae of a Joseon Skeleton / 체질인류학회지

Tomb with lime-soil mixture barrier (LSMB) was constructed by the people from upper class people of Joseon Dynasty. The coffin of LSMB was surrounded by hard concrete barriers, being successfully protected from outside invasions until the archaeological excavation begins. The human remains were extremely preserved well, providing important information on the health and illness of the people of Joseon dynasty. Recent investigation into human skeletons from LSMB in Yong-in city was another forensic anthropological case that was very meaningful to our research. During the examination on the elderly Joseon female bones, we discovered unusual saw-marks on the shaft of both tibiae. We could not find any osteological evidences suggestive of healed bone process. Considering archaeological and anthropological findings altogether, the occurrence time of saw-marks was considered to be perimortem period. However, as for why such a saw mark was made on the tibiae, we did not get any information about it. We expect that this report facilitate other researcher to do explore the usefulness of forensic anthropology examination on the similar human skeleton cases identified in various archaeological ruins.

Anthropological Study on Human Skeletons from Joseon Tomb, for Confirming Ryu Ja-Gwang, a Famous Historical Figure of Medieval Korea / 체질인류학회지

Anthropological study on human skeletons from Joseon tomb, for confirming Ryu Ja-Gwang, a famous historical figure of medieval Korea. Ryu Ja-Gwang was the famous figure of Joseon Dynasty who achieved great successes in royal court. According to the records in Joseon Dynasty, he tried to hide his own tomb after death under the apprehension that the political enemies might do harm to his corpse. In 1974, the descendants of Younggwang Ryu clan discovered a Joseon tomb that was lost for the past several hundred years. Since they suspected if the tomb might be their legendary ancestor's, anthropological studies were asked to be done on the skeletons collected from the tomb. In our study, the estimated stature of a male from the tomb was 160.5+/-3.8 cm. The age at death was estimated to be 58.6+/-5.2. He seems to have been suffered from diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), the disease prevalent among the people taking high-caloric diets. Since nuclear DNA could not be amplified in this case, the personal identification of the dead person could not be successfully traced by molecular techniques. Taken together, we could not conclude that the skeletons were those of Ryu Ja-Gwang because the radiocarbon dating, age at death or height data could not be well matched with those described in historical documents. Even so, this study could be significant to the related researchers because it was one of the first trials to identify debatable historical figure using various anthropological techniques. Considering that the anthropological studies on famous historical people have been performed briskly, our study could be the basis for the similar studies in Korea, performed in near future.

Physical Anthropological Study of Excavated Bones from Siheung Cultural Remains / 체질인류학회지

GyeongGi Cultural Foundation was requested the identification of eight excavated human skeletons from Neunggok residential development district within Siheung-si. Those were measured for distinguishing sex, stature, and age at death using metric and non-metric methods. The identification of eight human remains was not easy because the excavated bones were destroyed partly and totally. Six skeletons were excavated from the limed-soiled mixture tomb; five remains among 8 were buried in same grave and 2 skeletons were excavated from the earthen tomb. Four remains were determined female skeletons. One skeleton was assumed adolescence, three skeletons were estimated 40's~50's years old and others couldn't be done. Four among eight remain skeletons, the stature of female remains was around 150~157 cm and male's stature was around 165 cm. Most bones were damaged and destroyed, and the remaining teeth on the maxilla and mandible were not enough for identification. We couldn't identify through metric and non-metric methods. If the human skeletal remains were not found with artifact, those couldn't determine the period. So we couldn't know the relationship between the period of burial and condition of bones. For this reason, we will study the identification using the small and damaged bones. Anthropologists and archeaologists need to work together to make database to determine identification and period.

Construction of Medieval Skeleton Collections with Human Remains from Tombs of Goryeo Dynasty, Korea / 체질인류학회지

Skeletal remains collected from the archaeological fields must be maintained carefully, for being used in scientific studies on the physical characteristics, health status, and pathological disease of the ancient or medieval human populations. Even if Joseon Dynasty Human Sample Collection might be a good example for such studies, few of bone collections predated the Joseon Age (e.g. Goryeo Dynasty) have been established until now, possibly owing to poor preservation condition of archaeological sites in Korea. In this study, we performed anthropological studies on a few cases of Goryeo skeletons, which have been rarely reported by anthropologists in Korea. Judging from the preservation status of bones found in various types of Goryeo graves (e.g. earthen- or stone-chambered tombs), many cases seem to be cremated in accordance with Buddhist funeral rites. Goryeo bone collections must be constructed with the bones identified in the earthen tombs, which were preserved much perfectly than those of any other types of Goryeo tombs.

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Turki human remain / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To identify the status of Turki human remain and its relation to Khitan nobles by the means of molecular biology.Methods MtDNA was successfully extracted from Turki human remain.Through four overlapping primers,the nucleotide sequence of 360 bp length was gotten.Then it was contrasted with the cambridge reference sequence(CRS),and the sequence was analyzed with that of Khitan nobles basing the methods of phylogenetics.Results The result showed that Turki had closest relationship with Qidan noble individuals.And it was closer with Yeluyuzhi′s family in the two Qidan noble families.It was proved that Turki was the noble of Khitan.Besides,it showed that Turki had closest relationship with modern out Mongolia contrasted with the reported populations.And the 5 mutation sites of Turki were all hot mutation sites of Mongolian.(Conclusion Turki) is north Mongolian.

An Anthropolgical Study on the Human Skeleton Excavated from Dugmoe Tomb of the Technopols of Kwang Ju City / 체질인류학회지

Authors have anthropologically measured the human skeleton from a Dugmoe Tomb of the technopolis of Kwang-ju city. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The human skeleton was thought to be constructed at the beginning of the period of the Chosun, judging from the Dugmoe Tomb. 2. It is female and its stature is estimated as about 163-165cm. The age of the skeleton is estimated to be late 50. 3. The cranial index is 77.09mm and the type is mesocephaly. 4. The cranial length-height index and the cranial breadth-height index were hypsicrane and acrocephaly. 5. The orbital index 95.0mm and the type is hypsiconch. 6. The humerus is comparatively long, slender and has more rounded diaphysis. 7. The femur is similar that of present day, and the type is platyer. 8. The abrasion of the occlusal surface of the teeth was 2.5 point.