Efficacy and safety of 0.5% colchicine cream versus 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of cutaneous field cancerization: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a first-line drug to treat cutaneous field cancerization (CFC). There are few clinical trials with topical colchicine (COL). Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.5% COL cream versus 5% 5-FU cream in the treatment of CFC. Method This was a randomized, open, self-controlled clinical trial. Forty-five patients (90 forearms), with three to ten actinic keratoses (AK) on each forearm, used 0.5% COL cream 2×/day for seven days on one forearm, and 5% 5-FU cream 2× /day, for 21 days, on the other forearm. The dosages were defined based on previous clinical trials for each drug. Adverse effects were evaluated after 14 days and outcomes after 90 days of inclusion. The primary outcome was complete AK clearance and the secondary outcomes were: partial clearance (≥50%), reduction in AK count, assessment of the Forearm Photoaging Scale (FPS), AK Severity Score (AKSS), and adverse effects. Results After 90 days, there was complete clearance of AK in 37% (95% CI 24%-49%) and partial clearance in 85% (95% CI 76%-93%) of the forearms treated with 5-FU,versus 17% (95% CI 7%-27%) and 78% (95% CI 66%-88%) for COL (p > 0.07). There was a percentage reduction of 75% in the AK count of the forearms treated with 5-FU (95% CI 66%-83%) and 64% in those treated with COL (95% CI 55%-72%). Regarding FPS and AKSS, there was improvement in both groups, with no difference regarding FPS (p = 0.654), and 5-FU superiority for AKSS (p = 0.012). Study limitations Single-center study. Conclusions 5-FU and COL are effective for treating CFC, with neither showing superiority regarding the reduction in AK counts.

Comparison of the Functional Outcomes of Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction through the All-inside and Outside-in Techniques: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial / Comparação dos resultados funcionais da reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento cruzado anterior pelas técnicas all-inside e outside-in: Um ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e duplo-cego

Abstract Objective To compare the functional outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring autograft (HA) through the all-inside (AI) technique with adjustable-loop cortical Endobutton (Smith & Nephew, Watford, Hertfordshire, England) on the sides of the femur and tibia and through the outside-in (OI) technique using an interference screw on the tibial side and a cortical Endobutton on the femoral side. Materials and Methods The present is a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 44 patients undergoing arthroscopic ACL reconstruction from February 2019 to February 2022 in a tertiary care hospital. As per computer-based randomization, the patients were distributed into two groups: the AI and OI groups. Both groups were evaluated for 12 months using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, and part I (pain score) and part II (function score) of the Knee Society Score (KSS). Results On postoperative day 2,the VAS score was significantly higher in the OI group (p = 0.0001), but insignificant (p = 0.807) at 6 weeks. At 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up, the score on the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in the AI group. At 6 months, both parts of the KSS showed a significant difference, with the AI group presenting a better outcome (p = 0.04). However, at 12 months, the AI group presented a better score on part I of the KSS, but no differences were observed regarding part II. Conclusion In a follow-up of 12 months, the patients submitted to the AI technique presented better outcome scores and pain relief than those submitted to the OI technique.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar os resultados funcionais da reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) com autoenxerto de isquiotibiais pela técnica all-inside (AI) com Endobutton (Smith & Nephew, Watford, Hertfordshire, Inglaterra) cortical de alça ajustável nos lados do fêmur e da tíbia e pela técnica outside-in (OI) com parafuso de interferência no lado tibial e Endobutton cortical no lado femoral. Métodos Trata-se de um ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e duplo-cego com 44 pacientes submetidos à reconstrução artroscópica do LCA de fevereiro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2022 em um hospital de cuidados terciários. De acordo com a randomização por computador, os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos: AI e OI. Ambos os grupos foram avaliados durante 12 meses pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), a Escala de Pontuação do Joelho de Lysholm e pela parte I (pontuação de dor) e a parte II (pontuação de função) da escala Knee Society Score (KSS). Resultados No segundo dia de pós-operatório, a pontuação média na EVA foi significativamente maior no grupo OI (p = 0,0001), mas insignificante (p 0,807) às 6 semanas. Aos 3, 6 e 12 meses de acompanhamento, a pontuação na Escala de Lysholm (p = 0,001) foi significativamente maior no grupo AI. Aos 6 meses, ambas as partes da KSS apresentam uma diferença significativa, com o grupo AI apresentando um desfecho melhor (p = 0,04). No entanto, aos 12 meses, o grupo AI apresentou uma pontuação melhor na parte I da KSS, mas não foram observadas diferenças na parte II. Conclusão Em um acompanhamento de 12 meses, os pacientes submetidos à técnica AI apresentaram melhores pontuações de desfecho e alívio da dor do que aqueles submetidos à técnica OI.

Intraoperative computed tomography for detection of residual stones in endourology procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background: Success rates in endourological procedures, notably percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ureteroscopy (URS), have demonstrated suboptimal outcomes, leading to more reinterventions and radiation exposure. Recently, the use of intraoperative computed tomography (ICT) scans has been hypothesized as a promising solution for improving outcomes in endourology procedures. With this considered, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis encompassing all available studies that evaluate the impact of the use of intraoperative CT scans on surgical outcomes compared to conventional fluoroscopic-guided procedures. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Multiple databases were systematically searched up to December of 2023. This study aimed to directly compare the use of an ICT scan with the standard non-ICT-guided procedure. The primary endpoint of interest was success rate, and the secondary endpoints were complications and reintervention rates, while radiation exposure was also evaluated. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed following Cochrane recommendations. Data was presented as an Odds ratio with 95%CI across trials and a random-effects model was selected for pooling of data. Results: A comprehensive search yielded 533 studies, resulting in the selection of 3 cohorts including 327 patients (103 ICT vs 224 in non-ICT). Primary outcome was significantly higher in the experimental group versus the control group (84.5% vs 41.4% respectively, 307 patients; 95% CI [3.61, 12.72]; p<0.00001; I2=0). Reintervention rates also decreased from 32.6% in the control to 12.6% in the ICT group (OR 0.34; 95%CI [0.12,0.94]; p =0.04; I2= 48%), whereas complication rates did not exhibit significant differences. Radiation exposure was also significantly reduced in two of the included studies. Conclusion: This meta-analysis highlights a favorable outcome with intraoperative CT scan use in PCNL procedures, showing a considerable increase in SFR when compared to standard fluoroscopy and nephroscopy. Despite limited studies, our synthesis underscores the potential of ICT scans to significantly reduce residual stones and their consequences for endourology patients, as reinterventions and follow-up ionizing radiation studies.

Investigación cualitativa en el contexto de la Salud Pública: actualización de conceptos

Los enfoques cualitativos en la investigación han sido fundamentales en las ciencias sociales y son cruciales para el estudio de la salud y los servicios sanitarios. Con el progreso en medicina, mayor especialización, expectativas crecientes de los pacientes y la complejidad de los servicios de salud, los profesionales se enfrentan a un entorno laboral cada vez más complicado. Los métodos cualitativos, aunque distintos de las técnicas experimentales y cuantitativas de la investigación clínica y biomédica, son indispensables para la investigación en servicios de salud. Esto se debe a que permiten explorar aspectos no medibles cuantitativamente, como las creencias sobre la salud, y porque proporcionan una base -descriptiva necesaria para la investigación cuantitativa, especialmente en campos con escasa investigación previa.

Qualitative approaches in research have been fundamental in the social sciences and are crucial to the study of health and health services. With progress in medicine, greater specialization, increasing patient expectations and the complexity of health services, professionals face an increasingly complicated work environment. Qualitative methods, although different from the experimental and quantitative techniques of clinical and biomedical research, are essential for health services research. This is because they allow us to explore aspects that are not quantitatively measurable, such as beliefs about health, and because they provide a necessary descriptive basis for quantitative research, especially in fields with little previous research.

Estudios bibliométricos. Una opción para desarrollar investigación en cirugía y disciplinas afines

La bibliometría es la aplicación de métodos estadísticos para analizar libros, artículos y otras publicaciones, especialmente científicos. Muy relacionada con la cienciometría e informetría, al punto de superponerse y confundirse. La bibliometría se refiere al estudio de la dinámica de las disciplinas reflejado en la producción de su literatura. Incluye desde el registro de cambios en la producción de una disciplina académica a lo largo del tiempo y entre países, hasta el problema de la colección bibliotecaria. En este artículo se explicarán algunos conceptos históricos, definiciones y objetivos de la bibliometría; así como las Leyes de la bibliometría; los tipos de análisis e indicadores bibliométricos más utilizados; para terminar con algunos ejemplos de diferentes tipos de estudios bibliométricos publicados, para que el lector pueda formarse una idea general de lo que puede hacer en este campo, aplicando estas metodologías a disciplinas quirúrgicas y otras también. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue generar un documento de estudio respecto de la bibliometría como alternativa para desarrollar investigación en cirugía y disciplinas afines.

Bibliometrics is the application of statistical methods to analyze books, articles and other publications, especially scientific ones. Closely related to scientometrics and informetrics, to the point of overlapping and confusing. Bibliometrics refers to the study of the dynamics of the disciplines reflected in the production of their literature. It includes everything from the record of changes in the production of an academic discipline over time and between countries or regions, to the problem of the library collection. In this article some historical concepts, definitions and objectives of bibliometrics will be explained; as well as the Laws of bibliometrics; the types of analysis and bibliometric indicators most used; to finish with some examples of different types of published bibliometric studies, so that the reader can form a general idea of what he can do in this field, applying these methodologies to surgical disciplines and others as well. The aim of this manuscript was to generate a study document regarding bibliometrics as an alternative to develop research in surgery and related disciplines.

Kidney collecting system anatomy applied to endourology - a narrative review

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the surgical anatomy of the kidney collecting system through a narrative review of the literature, highlighting its importance during diagnosis and its approach during surgical procedures for the treatment of renal stones. Material and Methods: We carried out a review about the anatomy of the kidney collecting system. We analyzed papers published in the past 40 years in the databases Pubmed, Embase and Scielo, and we included only papers in English and excluded case reports, editorials and opinions of specialists. Results: Renal collecting system could be divided in four groups: A1 - kidney midzone (KM), drained by minor calyx that are dependent on the superior or the inferior caliceal groups; A2 - KM drained by crossed calyx, one draining into the superior caliceal group and another draining into the inferior caliceal group; B1 - KM drained by a major caliceal group independent of both the superior and inferior groups; and B2 - KM drained by minor calyx entering directly into the renal pelvis. Some details and anatomic variations of the collecting system are related to clinical and radiological aspects, particularly perpendicular calyces, interpyelocalyx space, position of calyces in relation to renal border, classification of the renal collecting system, infundibular diameter and the angle between the lower infundibulum and renal pelvis. Conclusion: The knowledge of intra-renal collecting system divisions and variations as the angle between the renal pelvis and lower infundibula, position of the calices in relationship with renal edge and the diameter and position of the calyces are important for the planning of minimally invasive renal surgeries.

¿Ensayos clínicos de superioridad, equivalencia o no inferioridad? / ¿Clinical trials of superiority, non-inferiority or equivalence?

La eficacia de una nueva intervención se establece generalmente a través de ensayos clínicos (EC) con asignación aleatoria (AA). Sin embargo, entre otros tantos desafíos metodológicos, el especificar la hipótesis de un EC con AA, sigue siendo un problema complejo de resolver para los investigadores clínicos. En este manuscrito discutimos las características de tres variantes de los EC con AA: EC de superioridad (ECS), EC de no-inferioridad (ECNI), y EC de equivalencia (ECE). Estos tres tipos de EC tienen supuestos diferentes sobre los efectos de una intervención, por lo que plantear hipótesis y definir objetivos requiere conocer algunos supuestos subyacentes a estos EC, incluso hasta elementos relacionados con la estimación del tamaño de muestra para cada cual. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue describir las diferencias metodológicas entre ECS, ECNI y ECE.

Efficacy and effectivity of new interventions are generally established through randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, among many other methodological challenges, specifying the hypothesis of a RCT remains complex problem for clinical researchers. In this manuscript we discuss the characteristics of three variants of RCTs: superiority RCT (SRCT), non-inferiority RCT (NIRCT), and equivalence RCT (ERCT). These three types of RCT have different assumptions about the effects of an intervention, so setting hypotheses and defining objectives requires knowing some assumptions underlying these RCTs, including elements related to the estimation of the sample size for each one. The aim of this manuscript was to describe methodological differences between SRCT, NIRCT and ERCT.

What is the most dangerous sexual position that caused the penile fracture? A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Purpose: Penile fracture (PF) affects 1,14 to 10,48 men in every 100.000 men in East Asia, and the primary aetiology is sexual intercourse, but the knowledge regarding the most dangerous sexual position is not well explained. This study compares three sexual positions: man on top position (MTP), woman on top position (WTP), and doggy style position (DSP), leading to PF potential. Materials and methods: A search of sexual position-related PF in Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, and PMC Europe was performed. Criteria inclusion was the full text of relevant articles which describ the number of sexual positions. It was analyzed by odds ratio, random model effect, and the OR and 95%CI were calculated. Results: Twelve relevant papers involving 490 patients comprised 169 MTP, 120 WTP, 158 DSP, and 43 no intercourse cases. Meta-analysis of all sexual positions was a MTP P= 0,04, WTP P=0,49, and DSP P=0,0005. Conclusions: The man-dominant positions (MTP and DSP) were significantly potential for PF, which speculated that when a man is dominant and very excited, intercourse may become highly vigorous and impact trauma. This study found that man's dominant position consists of DSP and the MTP significantly lead to PF.

A scoping review on compliance in orthokeratology among children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe and analyze the current research status of compliance in orthokeratology among children and adolescents in and beyond China, so as to guide future research in this field.@*Methods@#By combining subject words with free words, the paper systematically searched the research related to the compliance of children and adolescents wearing orthokeratology lenses in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP and China Biomedical Literature Database. The retrieval time limit was until September 1, 2023.Two researchers independently screened and extracted data.@*Results@#A total of 35 articles were included, and four themes were identified:the current level of compliance, evaluation indicators, influencing factors, and intervention programs. The evaluation indicators of orthokeratology lenswearing compliance were diverse, and the influencing factors involved general demographic characteristics, personal internal factors, external factors, and specific clinical situations related to orthokeratology.@*Conclusions@#Multiple factors are associated with compliance in orthokeratology. Eyecare practitioners should choose suitable evaluation tools based on specific conditions and implement diverse and practical intervention strategies guided by theory to enhance the safety and effectiveness of orthokeratology lenswearing among children and adolescents.

Use of podcasts for health education: a scoping review / Uso de podcasts para educación en salud: una revisión de alcance / Uso de podcasts para educação em saúde: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the scientific evidence related to the characteristics, themes, and outcomes of using health education podcasts aimed at individuals over 18 years of age in intra or extrahospital environments. Methods: a scoping review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute method, conducted in 11 databases, including studies from 2004 to 2022. Results: 11 studies were selected, categorized, highlighting the characteristics, evaluated outcomes, areas, and conditions of podcast application, indicating it as an effective tool for promoting behavioral change, health promotion, and social interaction, demonstrating its potential to improve well-being, quality of life, and user/client autonomy. Conclusions: the use of podcasts proves to be an effective, innovative, and low-cost tool, with a significant social impact, being effective for behavioral change, satisfaction, and social interaction. However, the lack of comprehensive studies on podcast development methodologies represents challenges to be overcome.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear las evidencias científicas relacionadas con las características, temáticas y resultados del uso de podcasts de educación en salud dirigidos a individuos mayores de 18 años en entornos intra o extrahospitalarios. Métodos: revisión de alcance, basada en el método del Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada en 11 bases de datos, incluyendo estudios de 2004 a 2022. Resultados: se seleccionaron 11 estudios, categorizados y destacando las características, resultados evaluados, áreas y condiciones de aplicación del podcast, señalándolo como una herramienta eficaz para promover el cambio de comportamiento, la promoción de la salud y la interacción social, evidenciando su potencial para mejorar el bienestar, la calidad de vida y la autonomía de los usuarios/clientes. Conclusiones: el uso del podcast demuestra ser una herramienta eficaz, innovadora y de bajo costo, con un impacto social significativo, siendo eficaz para el cambio de comportamiento, la satisfacción y la interacción social. Sin embargo, la falta de estudios exhaustivos sobre las metodologías de desarrollo de podcasts representa desafíos a superar.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear as evidências científicas relacionadas às características, temáticas e desfechos do uso de podcasts de educação em saúde direcionados para indivíduos maiores de 18 anos nos ambientes intra ou extrahospitalares. Métodos: revisão de escopo, baseando-se no método do Joanna Briggs Institute, realizada em 11 bases de dados, incluindo estudos de 2004 a 2022. Resultados: foram selecionados 11 estudos, categorizados e destacando as características, desfechos avaliados, áreas e condições de aplicação do podcast, apontando-o como uma ferramenta eficaz para promover a mudança comportamental, a promoção da saúde e a interação social, evidenciando seu potencial para melhorar o bem-estar, qualidade de vida e autonomia dos usuários/clientes. Conclusões: o uso do podcast demonstra ser uma ferramenta eficaz, inovadora e de baixo custo, com impacto social significativo, sendo eficaz para mudança comportamental, satisfação e interação social. No entanto, a falta de estudos abrangentes sobre as metodologias de desenvolvimento de podcasts representam desafios a serem superados.

Portuguese Advance Directives-a twist against futility? A cross sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Advance Directive documents allow citizens to choose the treatments they want for end-of-life care without considering therapeutic futility. OBJECTIVES: To analyze patients' and caregivers' answers to Advance Directives and understand their expectations regarding their decisions. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study analyzed participants' answers to a previously published trial, conceived to test the document's efficacy as a communication tool. METHODS: Sixty palliative patients and 60 caregivers (n = 120) registered their preferences in the Advance Directive document and expressed their expectations regarding whether to receive the chosen treatments. RESULTS: In the patient and caregiver groups, 30% and 23.3% wanted to receive cardiorespiratory resuscitation; 23.3% and 25% wanted to receive artificial organ support; and 40% and 35% chose to receive artificial feeding and hydration, respectively. The participants ignored the concept of therapeutic futility and expected to receive invasive treatments. The concept of therapeutic futility should be addressed and discussed with both the patients and caregivers. Legal Advanced Directive documents should be made clear to reduce misinterpretations and potential legal conflicts. CONCLUSION: The authors suggest that all citizens should be clarified regarding the futility concept before filling out the Advance Directives and propose a grammatical change in the document, replacing the phrase "Health Care to Receive / Not to Receive" with the sentence "Health Care to Accept / Refuse" so that patients cannot demand treatments, but instead accept or refuse the proposed therapeutic plans. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05090072 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090072.

Antecedentes de Andragogía en el proceso de gestión de personas mayores por profesionales de enfermería

Introducción: La gestión del cuidado de enfermería en personas mayores es todo un desafío en la actualidad para la profesión y más aún desde un enfoque andragógico. Objetivo: Exponer la fundamentación de los antecedentes de la andragogía en el proceso de gestión del cuidado de personas mayores por profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión con el método de análisis bibliográfico a través de una búsqueda realizada entre los años 2010 al 2022, donde se consultaron bases de datos especializadas y se seleccionaron 33 publicaciones científicas sobre el tema. Resultados: El cuidado de personas mayores requiere una mirada transdisciplinaria y profesionales comprometidos con su cuidado. El profesional de enfermería responsable de la gestión debe considerar valores, actitudes y conocimientos de la disciplina que brindan una visión distinta y específica de la gestión de los cuidados. El avance científico ha permitido el incremento de la expectativa de vida de las personas, produciéndose un aumento significativo de personas mayores en el mundo manteniendo un adecuado cuidado como eslabón importante. La andragogía se encarga de la educación entre, para y por adultos y la asume como su objeto de estudio y realización, vista o concebida esta, como autoeducación, por lo cual, cobra importancia en los cuidados, pues interpreta el hecho educativo como un hecho andragógico, donde la educación y los cuidados se realizan como autoeducación. Conclusiones: Resulta importante la ejecución de investigaciones que beneficien el desarrollo del profesional de enfermería, para ayudar a disminuir las brechas que constan en la formación investigativa de estos profesionales y en las estructuras organizativas en las que estos se incorporan, dado en el proceso de gestión del cuidado de personas mayores desde un enfoque andragógico como mecanismo esencial.

Introduction: The management of nursing care in older people is a challenge for the profession today and even more so from an andragogical approach. Objective: To present the foundation of the background of andragogy in the process of managing the care of elderly people by nursing professionals. Methods: A review was carried out using the bibliographic analysis method through a search carried out between the years 2010 to 2022, where specialized databases were consulted and 33 scientific publications on the topic were selected. Results: Caring for the elderly requires a transdisciplinary approach and professionals committed to their care. The nursing professional responsible for the management must consider values, attitudes and knowledge of the discipline that provide a different and specific vision of care management. Scientific advances have allowed an increase in people's life expectancy, producing a significant increase in the number of older people in the world, maintaining adequate care as an important link. Andragogy is responsible for education among, for and by adults and assumes it as its object of study and realization, seen or conceived, as self-education, which is why andragogy gains importance in care, since it interprets the educational fact as an andragogical fact, where education and care are carried out as self-education. Conclusions: It is important to carry out research that benefits the development of nursing professionals, to help reduce the gaps that exist in the research training of these professionals and in the organizational structures in which they are incorporated, given in the care management process of older people from an andragogical approach as an essential mechanism.

A contribuição de terapeutas ocupacionais no domínio da gestão de risco e desastres: um protocolo de revisão de escopo / Contribution of occupational therapists to the field of risk and disaster management: a scoping review protocol

Resumo Introdução Desastres trazem consequências humanas, socioeconômicas e ambientais e agravam situações de vulnerabilidade. Tanto países centrais, altamente industrializados, como países com dificuldades econômicas estão sujeitos a esses eventos. No Brasil, a pandemia de COVID-19 e o rompimento de barragens evidenciam dificuldades em se antecipar e responder esses tipos de eventos. Ações da terapia ocupacional no campo das emergências e desastres são escassas na literatura, notadamente na esfera da prevenção. Objetivo Explorar as evidências da contribuição de terapeutas ocupacionais no domínio da gestão de risco e desastres a partir das características, prioridades e principais áreas de interesse da produção intelectual em terapia ocupacional. Método Uma pesquisa abrangente será conduzida nos periódicos Disasters, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, and Risk, International Journal of Risk Reduction e Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, assim como nas bases de dados Occupational Therapy Literature Search Service (OTDBASE), PubMed e Web of Science. Critérios de inclusão Ações e experiências no âmbito da terapia ocupacional, notadamente aquelas de terapeutas ocupacionais na gestão de riscos e desastres, encontradas em estudos revisados por pares, que adotem métodos quantitativos, qualitativos e mistos, nos idiomas espanhol, inglês e português, sem restrição temporal. A abordagem preconizada pelo Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) para seleção de estudos, avaliação crítica, extração e síntese de dados será utilizada.

Abstract Introduction Disasters bring human, socioeconomic, and environmental consequences and exacerbate situations of vulnerability. Both highly industrialized core countries and those facing economic difficulties are subject to these events. In Brazil, the COVID-19 pandemic and the collapse of dams highlight difficulties in anticipating and responding to these types of events. Actions of occupational therapy in the field of emergencies and disasters are scarce in the literature, notably in the sphere of prevention. Objective To explore the evidence of the contribution of occupational therapists in the field of risk management and disasters based on the characteristics, priorities, and main areas of interest of intellectual production in occupational therapy. Method A comprehensive search will be conducted in the journals Disasters, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, and Risk, International Journal of Risk Reduction, and Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, as well as in the databases Occupational Therapy Literature Search Service (OTDBASE), PubMed, and Web of Science. Inclusion Criteria Actions and experiences in the field of occupational therapy, notably those of occupational therapists in risk and disaster management, found in peer-reviewed studies adopting quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods, in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, without temporal restriction. The approach advocated by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for study selection, critical appraisal, and data collection and synthesis will be used.

Interoception and pediatric occupational therapy practice: a protocol for a scoping review / Interocepção e prática da terapia ocupacional pediátrica: um protocolo para uma revisão de escopo

Abstract Introduction Interoception is relatively new within pediatric occupational therapy practice. Interoception allows us to feel and interpret internal body sensations and is related to our ability to regulate emotions and behavior. It is associated with other functions including sensory processing, self-regulation and executive functioning, making it important for everyday participation in life activities. Pediatric occupational therapists are considering interoception as part of intervention but there is limited research to understand how and why occupational therapists use interoception in clinical practice. Objectives The aim of this protocol is to describe the methodology and analyses to be used to undertake a scoping review. Method This paper presents the protocol for a scoping review. A search of literature from ten electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycINFO, ERIC, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, AMED, OTDBASE and Google Scholar), grey literature and article reference searching was conducted. Title and abstract screening was completed before full-text review. Selected articles met stringent inclusion criteria. The PRISMA-ScR Checklist was used alongside the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool to ensure robust data extraction and synthesis from selected studies. Results A total of 2449 articles were retrieved. Eighteen articles were included in the review. A narrative synthesis approach will be used to synthesise data. Conclusion Findings from this scoping review will inform future research related to interoception and pediatric occupational therapy practice to support clinicians to consider evidence to underpin practice.

Resumo Introdução A interocepção é relativamente nova na prática da terapia ocupacional pediátrica. A interocepção nos permite sentir e interpretar sensações internas do corpo e está relacionada à nossa capacidade de regular emoções e comportamentos. Está associado a outras funções, incluindo processamento sensorial, autorregulação e funcionamento executivo, tornando-o importante para a participação diária nas atividades da vida. Os terapeutas ocupacionais pediátricos estão considerando a interocepção como parte da intervenção, mas há pesquisas limitadas para entender como e por que os terapeutas ocupacionais usam a interocepção na prática clínica. Objetivos O objetivo deste protocolo é descrever a metodologia e as análises a serem utilizadas para realizar uma revisão de escopo. Método Este artigo apresenta o protocolo para uma revisão de escopo. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de literatura em dez bases de dados eletrônicas (Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycINFO, ERIC, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, AMED, OTDBASE e Google Scholar), literatura cinzenta e pesquisa de referências de artigos. A triagem do título e do resumo foi concluída antes da revisão do texto completo. Os artigos selecionados atenderam a critérios de inclusão rigorosos. A lista de verificação PRISMA-ScR foi usada juntamente com a Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool para garantir a extração e síntese robusta de dados dos estudos selecionados. Resultados Foram recuperados 2.449 artigos. Dezoito artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Uma abordagem de síntese narrativa será usada para sintetizar os dados. Conclusão Os resultados desta revisão de escopo informarão pesquisas futuras relacionadas à interocepção e à prática de terapia ocupacional pediátrica para apoiar os médicos a considerarem evidências para sustentar a prática.

Evaluación a distancia en la asignatura Sistemas Cardiovascular, Respiratorio, Digestivo y Renal en Medicina

Fundamento: la pandemia de la COVID-19 impuso la educación a distancia como alternativa viable para formar profesionales de la salud, donde se identificaron irregularidades durante la evaluación. Objetivo: elaborar una metodología para la evaluación a distancia en la asignatura Sistemas Cardiovascular, Respiratorio, Digestivo y Renal en la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque mixto entre marzo 2021 y diciembre de 2022, en la carrera de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Mariana Grajales Coello" de Holguín. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos que posibilitaron la sistematización teórico-metodológica del tema, profundizar en el estado actual del objeto y determinar la necesidad de una metodología para resolver el problema científico. Se aplicó el criterio de especialistas para evaluar la pertinencia y viabilidad de la propuesta. Resultados: se propone una metodología para la evaluación del aprendizaje a distancia de la asignatura Sistemas Cardiovascular, Respiratorio, Digestivo y Renal en la carrera de Medicina que integra los fundamentos de la evaluación del aprendizaje en las ciencias médicas y las particularidades de la educación a distancia en la educación superior. Esta se estructura en dos subsistemas concretados en las dimensiones organizativas y contextualizadora, con etapas y acciones para organizar la evaluación del aprendizaje. Conclusiones: la metodología diseñada proporciona herramientas al colectivo metodológico de la asignatura para la evaluación a distancia de forma integrada. Su implementación facilita la organización del proceso evaluativo a partir de las potencialidades de los contextos formativos y de necesidades de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Fue valorada por los especialistas como pertinente y adecuada.

Background: the COVID-19 pandemic imposed distance learning as a viable alternative to train health professionals, where irregularities were identified during the evaluation. Objective: to develop a methodology for distance evaluation in the subject Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive and Renal Systems in the Medicine degree. Methods: a development research with a mixed approach was carried out from March 2021 to December 2022, in the Medicine program of the "Mariana Grajales Coello" Faculty of Medical Sciences in Holguín. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used that enabled the theoretical-methodological systematization of the topic, delving into the current state of the object and determining the need for a methodology to solve the scientific problem. The criteria of specialists was applied to evaluate the relevance and viability of the proposal. Results: a methodology is proposed for the evaluation of distance learning of the subject Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive and Renal Systems in the Medicine degree that integrates the fundamentals of the evaluation of learning in medical sciences and the particularities of distance education in higher education. This is structured in two subsystems specified in the organizational and contextualizing dimensions, with stages and actions to organize the evaluation of learning. Conclusions: the designed methodology provides tools to the methodological group of the subject for distance evaluation in an integrated way. Its implementation facilitates the organization of the evaluation process based on the potential of the training contexts and the learning needs of the students. It was assessed by specialists as pertinent and adequate.

Learning needs and the orientation received by patients in the preoperative period of myocardial revascularization / Necesidades de aprendizaje y orientación que reciben los pacientes en el preoperatorio de revascularización miocárdica / Necessidades de aprendizagem e orientações recebidas por pacientes no pré-operatório de revascularização do miocárdio

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the learning needs and the orientations received by patients in the preoperative period of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Method: Descriptive study, with a qualitative approach. Data collection took place from January to April 2021, through interviews carried out with 13 pre-operative patients admitted to the cardiovascular unit of a university hospital in Northeastern Brazil. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the content of the interviews was processed in the software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Next, an analysis of textual and similarity classes was carried out. Results: The learning needs that were analyzed were divided in five classes: events that precede the surgery in the hospital; instructions received about the surgery; sites and recovery time after surgery; general questions about the surgery and content for the educational resource. Patients reported needs related to the process of disease, surgical procedures, and care before and after surgery. With regard to orientation, 53.85% reported not having received any. Final considerations: The study identified that patients seldom received orientation. They need education on topics related to the process of the illness, the heart, surgical procedures, exams, care environments, risks, benefits, results, and changes in lifestyle to maintain health and quality of life.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje y las orientaciones que reciben los pacientes en el preoperatorio de revascularización miocárdica. Método: Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó de enero a abril de 2021, mediante entrevistas a 13 pacientes preoperatorios ingresados en la unidad cardiovascular de un hospital universitario del Nordeste de Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y el contenido de las entrevistas fue procesado en el software R Interface pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. A continuación, se realizó un análisis de clases textuales y de similitud. Resultados: Las necesidades de aprendizaje analizadas originaron cinco clases: eventos que preceden a la cirugía en el hospital; instrucciones recibidas sobre la cirugía; sitios y tiempo de recuperación después de la cirugía; Preguntas generales sobre la cirugía, y contenido del recurso educativo. Los pacientes informaron necesidades relacionadas con el proceso de la enfermedad, el procedimiento quirúrgico y los cuidados antes y después de la cirugía. En cuanto a las guías, el 53,85% refirió no haberlas recibido. Consideraciones finales: El estudio identificó que pacientes no recibieron orientación en la mayoría de los casos. Sus necesidades de aprendizaje fueron temas relacionados al proceso de enfermedad, el corazón, procedimientos quirúrgicos, exámenes, ambientes de atención, riesgos, beneficios, resultados, y cambios en el estilo de vida para mantener la salud y la calidad de vida.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as necessidades de aprendizagem e orientações recebidas por pacientes no pré-operatório de revascularização do miocárdio. Método: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a abril de 2021, por meio de entrevistas realizadas com 13 pacientes em pré-operatório internados na unidade cardiovascular de um hospital universitário no Nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e o conteúdo das entrevistas foi tratado no software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. A seguir procedeu-se uma análise das classes textuais e de similitude. Resultados: As necessidades de aprendizagem analisadas originaram cinco classes: eventos que antecedem a cirurgia no hospital; orientações recebidas sobre a cirurgia; locais e tempo de recuperação após a cirurgia; dúvidas gerais sobre a cirurgia e conteúdos para o recurso educacional. Os pacientes relataram necessidades relacionadas processo de adoecimento, procedimento cirúrgico e cuidados antes e após a cirurgia. Com relação às orientações, 53,85% informaram não ter recebido. Considerações finais: O estudo identificou incipiência nas orientações recebidas pelos pacientes e como necessidades de aprendizagem temas relacionados ao processo de adoecimento, o coração, procedimento cirúrgico, exames, ambientes de cuidados, riscos, benefícios, resultados e as mudanças no estilo de vida para a manutenção da saúde e qualidade de vida.

Data collection via phone in multicentric research on nursing care in the face of covid-19 / Recolección de datos vía telefónica en investigación multicéntrica sobre cuidados de enfermería frente al covid-19 / Coleta de dados via telefone em pesquisa multicêntrica sobre cuidado de enfermagem frente à covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to report data collection via telephone carried out in multicenter research on nursing care assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is an experience report on using the telephone to collect quantitative and qualitative data with participants from ten Brazilian university hospitals from October 2020 to December 2021. The experience was presented in stages: 1) Operationalization of data collection via telephone; 2) Interviewing team training; 3) Monitoring and adjustments to data collection; and 4) Results of telephone contact with patients. Results: data collection planning and organization involved creating guidance manuals to guide the collectors, which were validated for clarity and agreement. For monitoring and adjustments, a weekly meeting was held with the interviewers in charge and researchers. Data from 539 respondents from the Patient Measure of Safety instrument, 643 from the Care Transitions Measure instrument and 56 from open interviews were included. Conclusion: using guidance manuals for data collection via telephone, training and follow-up meetings are strategies that can enhance this strategy in multicenter research when in-person data collection is impossible.

RESUMEN Objetivo: informar la recolección de datos vía telefónica realizada en una investigación multicéntrica sobre la evaluación de los cuidados de enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: informe de experiencia sobre el uso del teléfono para la recolección de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos con participantes de diez hospitales universitarios brasileños, de octubre de 2020 a diciembre de 2021. La experiencia fue presentada en etapas: 1) Operacionalización de la recolección de datos por teléfono; 2) Capacitación del equipo entrevistador; 3) Monitoreo y ajustes a la recolección de datos; y 4) Resultados del contacto telefónico con el paciente. Resultados: la planificación y organización de la recolección de datos implicó la creación de manuales de orientación para guiar a los recolectores, los cuales fueron validados por su claridad y acuerdo. Para el seguimiento y ajustes se realizó una reunión semanal con los entrevistadores e investigadores responsables. Se incluyeron datos de 539 encuestados del instrumento Patient Measure of Safety, 643 del instrumento Care Transitions Measure y 56 entrevistas abiertas. Conclusión: el uso de manuales de orientación para la recolección de datos vía telefónica, capacitación y reuniones de seguimiento son estrategias que pueden potenciar esta estrategia en investigaciones multicéntricas cuando la recolección de datos presencial es imposible.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a coleta de dados via telefone realizada em pesquisa multicêntrica sobre avaliação do cuidado de enfermagem durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Relato de experiência sobre o uso do telefone para coleta de dados quantitativos e qualitativos com participantes de dez Hospitais Universitários Brasileiros, de outubro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021. A experiência foi apresentada segundo etapas: 1) Operacionalização da coleta de dados via telefone; 2) Capacitação da equipe de entrevistadores; 3) Acompanhamento e ajustes da coleta de dados; e 4) Resultados do contato telefônico com o paciente. Resultados: O planejamento e a organização da coleta de dados envolveram a construção de manuais de orientação para guiar os coletadores, os quais passaram por validação quanto à clareza e concordância. Para acompanhamento e ajustes, realizou-se reunião semanal com os entrevistadores e pesquisadores responsáveis. Foram incluídos dados de 539 respondentes do instrumento Patient Measure of Safety, de 643 do instrumento Care Transitions Measure e de 56 entrevistas abertas. Conclusão: A utilização de manuais de orientação para coleta de dados via telefone, realização de treinamentos e reuniões de acompanhamento são estratégias que podem potencializar essa estratégia em pesquisas multicêntricas, quando da impossibilidade de coleta face-a-face.

Guides or guidelines for interacting and playing with medical complex children: a qualitative documentary research / Guías o directrices para interactuar y jugar con niños con condiciones clínicas complejas: investigación cualitativa documental / Guias ou diretrizes para interagir e brincar com crianças clinicamente complexas: uma pesquisa qualitativa documental

Objectives: to identify content on play and interaction with children with special health care needs recommended in clinical guidelines; analyze play and interaction activities applicable to children with special health care needs and complex care requirements. Method: qualitative documentary research based on guides, protocols, or guidelines on playing and interacting with children with special and living with complex care. Search terms in English (guidelines, playing OR play, complex needs, OR chronic disease) and in Portuguese ( guia, brincar ou brincadeiras, condições crônicas ) on the first ten pages of_Google Search ® . Thematic analysis was applied to the information extracted from the documents. Results: a total of nine documents with similar content were grouped into units of analysis, keeping only the interacting and playing activities applicable to children with special health care needs and living with complex care requirements, namely stimulation of potential, stimulation of adult-child interaction, and stimulation of the senses (touch, sight, and hearing), to be carried out by health professionals and family caregivers in the different care contexts. Conclusion: interaction and play are potential promoters of adult-child interaction, with application in the stimulating and life-delivering complex care for children.

Objetivos: identificar contenido sobre juego e interacción con niños con necesidades de especiales atención en salud recomendados en guías clínicas; analizar las actividades de juego e interacción que se pueden implementar niños con necesidades especiales de atención en salud y demandas de cuidados clínicamente complejos. Método: investigación cualitativa documental basada en guías, protocolos o directrices para jugar e interactuar con niños con necesidades especiales de atención en salud. Búsqueda de los términos en inglés ( guidelines, playing o play, complex needs OR chronic disease ) y en portugués ( guia, brincar o brincadeiras, condições crônicas ), en las primeras 10 páginas de Google Search ® . Se aplicó análisis temático a la información extraída de los documentos. Resultados: se agruparon en unidades de análisis nueve documentos con contenido similar, se extrajeron solo las actividades para interactuar y jugar que se pueden implementar con niños con necesidades especiales de atención en salud y demandas de cuidados clínicamente complejos, a saber: estimular las potencialidades, estimular la interacción adulto-niño y estimular los sentidos (tacto, visión y oído), que realizan los profesionales de la salud y los cuidadores familiares en diferentes contextos de cuidado. Conclusión: interactuar y jugar pueden promover la interacción adulto-niño e implementarse en el cuidado estimulante y vivificante de niños con condiciones clínicas complejas.

Objetivos: identificar conteúdos sobre brincar e interagir com crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais recomendados em guias clínicos; analisar as atividades de brincar e interagir aplicáveis às crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais e demandas de cuidados clinicamente complexas. Método: pesquisa qualitativa documental baseada em guias, protocolos ou diretrizes sobre brincar e interagir com crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais. Busca dos termos em inglês ( guidelines, playing ou play, complex needs OR chronic disease ) e em português (guia, brincar ou brincadeiras, condições crônicas), nas 10 primeiras páginas do Google Search ® . Aplicou-se a análise temática às informações extraídas dos documentos. Resultados: agruparam-se nove documentos com conteúdo similares em unidades de análise, mantendo-se somente as atividades do interagir e brincar aplicáveis às crianças com necessidades de saúde especiais e demandas de cuidados clinicamente complexas, a saber: estimulação das potencialidades, estimulação da interação adulto-criança e estimulação dos sentidos (tato, visão e audição), a serem realizadas por profissionais de saúde e familiares cuidadores nos diferentes contextos de cuidado. Conclusão: o interagir e o brincar são potenciais promotores da interação adulto-criança, com aplicação no cuidado estimulador e vivificante de crianças clinicamente complexas.

Efficacy of a Hospital Discharge Transition Plan in the care competence of patients with chronic conditions and their family caregivers: a clinical trial / Eficacia del Plan Transicional de Alta Hospitalaria en la competencia para el cuidado del paciente con condición crónica y su cuidador familiar: ensayo clínico / Eficácia do Plano Transicional de Alta Hospitalar na competência para o cuidado de pacientes com condições crônicas e seu cuidador familiar: ensaio clínico

Objective: to assess the efficacy of a Hospital Discharge Transition Plan in the care competence and in adherence to the therapy of dyads comprised by patients with non-communicable chronic diseases and their caregivers. Method: a controlled and randomized clinical trial; the sample was comprised by 80 dyads of patients with chronic conditions and their caregivers, randomly allocated as follows: 40 to the control group and another 40 to the intervention group. The instruments to characterize the patient-caregiver dyad, the patients' and caregivers' care competence and the patients' adherence to the treatment scale were applied. The " CUIDEMOS educational intervention" was applied to the intervention group; in turn, the control group was provided usual care with the aid of a booklet, with phone follow-up via at month 1. Results: 52.5% of the patients and 81.3% of the caregivers were women. The patients' and caregivers' mean ages were 69.5±12.6 and 47.5±13.1 years old, respectively. The Hospital Discharge Transition Plan increased the scores in the "knowledge", "uniqueness", "instrumental", "enjoying", "anticipation" and "social relations" dimensions, as well as the global care competence of the patients and family caregivers; in addition to the following factors: medications, diet, stimulants control, weight control, stress management, and global adherence to the therapy by the patient. There were no statistically significant differences between the control and intervention groups. Conclusion: the Hospital Discharge Transition Plan increased the patients' and family caregivers' care competence after the intervention, as well as the patients' adherence to the treatment. However, there were no differences between the control and intervention groups, possibly due to the similarity of the activities.

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del Plan Transicional de Alta Hospitalaria en la competencia para el cuidado y adherencia terapéutica de la díada paciente-cuidador con enfermedad crónica no transmisible. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado; la muestra estuvo conformada por 80 diadas paciente-cuidador con condición crónica asignadas aleatoriamente, 40 diadas al grupo control y 40 al grupo intervención. Se aplicaron los instrumentos de caracterización de la díada paciente-cuidador, competencia para el cuidado del paciente y cuidador y la escala de adherencia al tratamiento del paciente. Se realizó la "Intervención Educativa Cuidemos" al grupo intervención y al grupo control se le brindaron los cuidados habituales con ayuda de un folleto; con seguimiento telefónico al mes. Resultados: el 52,5% de los pacientes son mujeres al igual que el 81,3% de los cuidadores. El promedio de edad en pacientes y cuidadores es de 69,5±12,6 y 47,5±13,1 años. El Plan Transicional de Alta Hospitalaria aumentó los puntajes de las dimensiones, conocimiento, unicidad, instrumental, disfrutar, anticipación y relación y la competencia global del cuidado del paciente y cuidador familiar. También, los factores medicamentos, dieta, control de estimulantes, control del peso, manejo del estrés y la adherencia terapéutica global del paciente. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo control e intervención. Conclusión: el Plan Transicional de Alta Hospitalaria aumenta la competencia para el cuidado del paciente y cuidador familiar post intervención, y también la adherencia del paciente. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias entre el grupo intervención y control, posiblemente debido a la semejanza de las actividades.

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade do Plano Transicional de Alta Hospitalar na competência para o cuidado e adesão terapêutica da díade paciente-cuidador com doença crônica não transmissível. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado; a amostra foi composta por 80 díades paciente-cuidador com condição crônica distribuídas aleatoriamente, sendo 40 díades para o grupo controle e 40 para o grupo intervenção. Foram aplicados os instrumentos de caracterização da díade paciente-cuidador, competência do cuidar de pacientes e cuidadores e escala de adesão ao tratamento do paciente. No grupo intervenção foi realizada a " Intervención Educativa Cuidemos " e no grupo controle foram prestados os cuidados habituais, com auxílio de folheto; com acompanhamento telefônico após um mês. Resultados: 52,5% dos pacientes são mulheres, assim como 81,3% dos cuidadores. A idade média dos pacientes e cuidadores é de 69,5±12,6 e 47,5±13,1 anos. O Plano Transicional de Alta Hospitalar aumentou os escores das dimensões conhecimento, singularidade, instrumentalidade, desfrutar, antecipação e relação e competência global do cuidado ao paciente e cuidador familiar. Também os fatores medicamentos, dieta, controle de estimulantes, controle de peso, gerenciamento de estresse e adesão terapêutica geral do paciente. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos controle e intervenção. Conclusão: o Plano Transicional de Alta Hospitalar aumenta a competência para o cuidado do paciente e do cuidador familiar pós-intervenção, e também a adesão do paciente. Porém, não houve diferenças entre os grupos intervenção e controle, possivelmente pela semelhança das atividades.