Fijación de carbono atmosférico en la biomasa total de sistemas de producción de cacao en el departamento del tolima, colombia

Los sistemas de uso del suelo con leñosas perennes, como cacaotales, mitigan el cambio climático, al capturar CO2 atmosférico. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la fijación de carbono en biomasa total en los sistemas de producción de cacao, dominantes del Tolima, Colombia. El estudio, se realizó en Rovira y Falan, empleando un diseño experimental, completamente al azar, con seis sistemas de producción de cacao: monocultivo, sistema agroforestal (SAF) con maderables, SAF con aguacate, SAF con cítricos, SAF con frutales, y SAF con maderables y frutales y tres repeticiones. Se establecieron dos parcelas de muestreo rectangulares, de 1.000m² por unidad de muestreo, donde se identificaron y midieron los árboles con dap ≥ 10cm (diámetro del tronco a la altura del pecho -dap- y altura total -ht). Se establecieron dos sub-parcelas de 256m², por parcela principal, para medir arbustos de cacao: ht y diámetro del tronco, a 30 cm de altura (D30). Se emplearon modelos alométricos, para estimar la biomasa. El SAF con maderables y frutales y SAF con frutales presentaron la mayor biomasa total (122,0 y 72,5t/ ha). En el SAF con maderables y frutales, se evidenció el mayor almacenamiento de carbono, con 61,0t C/ha, mientras que la mayor tasa de fijación de carbono fue de 17,7t/ha/ año, para el SAF con cítricos. Los resultados sugieren que la producción de cacao, que incluyen otras especies vegetales, diversifica la producción e incrementa la seguridad alimentaria y la generación de servicios ambientales, tal como la captura de carbono atmosférico.

The land use systems with woody perennials species, such as cacao plantations, mitigate climate change by capturing atmospheric CO2. The aim of the study was to estimate the fixation of atmospheric carbon in total biomass in the most dominant cocoa production systems in Tolima, Colombia. The study was carried out in Rovira and Falan using a completely randomized experimental design with six cocoa production systems: monoculture, agroforestry system (SAF) with timber trees, SAF with avocado, SAF with citrus species, SAF with fruit trees and SAF with timber and fruit species with three replications. Two rectangular sampling plots 1000m² were established by sampling unit where trees with diameter of trunk at breast height (dbh) ≥ 10cm were identified and measured (dbh and total height - th). Two subplots of 256 m² by main plot, for measuring cocoa bushes were established: ht and trunk diameter at 30cm height (D30). Allometric models to estimate biomass were used. The AFS with timber and fruit species and AFS with fruit species had the greatest biomass (122.0 and 72.5t/ha). In the AFS with timber and fruit species presented the highest carbon storage in biomass with 61.0t C/ha; whereas the greatest carbon fixation rate was 17.7 t/ha/year in AFS with citrus species. The results suggest that cocoa plantations that include other plant species diversify the production and increase food security and generation of environmental services, such as capturing atmospheric carbon.

Estimation of height from the length of humerus in western region of Maharashtra.

An attempt has been made to find out correlation and to drive a regression formula between the length of humerus and height of an individual, in western region of Maharashtra. The material consisted of 200 undergraduate and post-graduate medical students of age group 20 to 30 years from western region of Maharashtra. The length of humerus is measured by asking the subject to flex the elbow joint. The flexor surfaces of arm and forearm made an angle of 90 degree. The lateral epicondyle was felt and marked with skin marking pencil. Acromion point was traced by moving finger over clavicle’s lateral end and was marked. The distance between two points was measured by spreading caliper, both side humerus length was taken. The measured length was subtracted by 2.0 mm as the acromion point is 2 to 5 mm above humeral head. Height of the subject was measured with standard height measuring instrument in anatomical position. The results obtained were analyzed and attempt was made to derive a formula between length of humerus and total height of an individual. The result shows that there is definite correlation between the two.

Correlation and regression analysis of stature in relation to head length in children.

Background & objective: Present study was carried out to find correlation and to derive a regression formula between head length and body height in Gujarat region. This is useful in anthropology, anatomy and forensic medicine. The material consists of 500 students from Gujarat. Methods: The age of subject was in the range of 8 to 18 years.The length of head was measured between two craniometric points, glabella and opisthocranion. Spreading caliper was used to measure head length. Height of the subject was measured with standard Height measuring instrument subject in anatomical position. Measurements were taken at fixed time to avoid diurnal variation. Results: The result obtained was analyzed and attempt was made to derive a formula between head length and total height of an individual. The result shows that there is a Moderate correlation between head length and height of an individual. Interpretation & conclusion: In present study the correlation co-efficient between height and head length is +0.30 Which is moderately significant and p value <0.05 and regression formula obtained is Y= 12.33 +7.75X.

Measurement of ulnar length for estimation of stature in Gujarat.

In this study, an attempt has been made out to formulate a linear regression equation for estimation of stature from the ulnar length. The material consists of 310 subjects between 20-40 years of age in Gujarat. The Ulnar (Rt. & Lt.) length was measured by spreading caliper. The Stature ( Height ) was measured in standing erect, anatomical position with standard height measuring instrument. Data tabulated and statistically analyzed using Microsoft excel. A good correlation of stature was observed with Ulnar length and it was statistically highly significant. The results of present study would be useful for Anthropologist and Forensic Medicine experts.

Estimation of height from measurements of foot length in Haryana Region.

The present study was carried out on the measurements of foot length and body height of total 103 students between 21 to 32 years of age. The study was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine and toxicology at Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana State, India. A total number of 103 (52 males, 51 females) medical students of state of Haryana were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken by using standard anthropometric instruments in centimeters to the nearest millimeter. All the measurements were taken in a well lighted room. Obtained data was analysed and attempt was made to find out correlation and to derive a regression formula between foot length and height of an individual. A good correlation of height was observed with foot length and it was statistically highly significant. The results of the present study would be useful for Anthropologists and Forensic Medicine Experts.