Manejo quirúrgico de cáncer papilar de tiroides con invasión traqueal: Reporte de dos casos en Servicio de Otorrinolaringología de Hospital Carlos Van Buren

Resumen La invasión traqueal corresponde al tercer sitio más común de extensión extratiroidea del cáncer de tiroides. Se debe sospechar en caso de disnea, disfonía, estridor y hemoptisis, sin embargo, hasta un 30% de los pacientes se pueden presentar de forma asintomática, pesquisándose al momento de la cirugía. La nasofibroscopía de rutina, una alta sospecha y una planificación quirúrgica adecuada, serán fundamentales para lograr una resección tumoral completa y mejorar tanto el pronóstico como el control local. A continuación, presentamos dos casos clínicos manejados con resección cricotraqueal con anastomosis términoterminal en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Carlos Van Buren.

Abstract Tracheal invasion is the third most common site of extrathyroideal invasión of thyroid cancer, recognized as a por prognostic indicator. It should be suspected in case of dyspnea, dysphonia, stridor, and hemoptysis. However, up to 30% of cases are asymptomatic, detected at the time of surgery. Routine nasofibroscopy, thorough examination and surgical planning are essential to ensure a complete tumoral resection, improvement in prognostic and local control of disease. We present two cases with cricotracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis in Otholaringology Service from the Carlos Van Buren Hospital.

A Case of Tracheal Defect Reconstruction Using Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Invading Tracheal Cartilage / 대한이비인후과학회지

When a well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma invades the adjacent organ, the treatment of choice is en bloc surgical resection. After tracheal resection, the tracheal defect can be repaired in various ways. Depending on the invasion depth of the tumor or the defect circumference of the trachea, primary closure, reconstruction of surrounding muscles, or end-to-end anastomosis can be used. A 70-year-old man was diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer with tracheal invasion. The patient was treated by total thyroidectomy with tracheal window resection of the invading trachea. The defect was reconstructed with an anterolateral thigh free flap. At 12 months after surgery, the patient leads a social life without any discomfort and has an acceptable voice. This case is reported along with associated techniques and reviews of related articles.

Infiltración traqueal por carcinoma tiroideo diferenciado / Tracheal Infiltration by Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

La invasión traqueal por carcinomas tiroideos bien diferenciados es poco frecuente y la técnica quirúrgica a realizar todavía es motivo de controversia entre los cirujanos. El objetivo del artículo fue revisar la literatura disponible sobre la invasión traqueal por carcinomas diferenciados del tiroides. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en PubMed/Medlinede la literatura relacionada con la invasión traqueal por carcinomas diferenciados del tiroides(2000 - 2016). Se utilizaron las siguientes palabras y frases clave en inglés: thyroid, carcinoma, differentiated thyroid cancer, tracheal invasión y las correspondientes a su traducción al español. No se encontraron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. La mayoría de los artículos fueron de carácter retrospectivo. Se evaluaron las características clínicas de la lesión y los métodos de diagnóstico: laringotraqueoscopia, citología aspirativa y estudios imaginológicos. Se definieron las indicaciones quirúrgicas y los cuidados de anestesiología. Por último, se realizóla discusión crítica de los métodos de diagnóstico y de las técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas y el valor e indicación de cada una de estas. El cuadro clínico, la traqueoscopia, la imaginología y el estudio citopatológico son fundamentales para establecer el diagnóstico preoperatorio. Siempre que sea posible,la resección circunferencial de la tráquea debe ser la técnica de elección en el tratamiento de pacientes afectados por infiltración traqueal por carcinomas tiroideos diferenciados(AU)

Tracheal invasion by differentiated thyroid carcinomas is rare and surgical technique to be performed is still controversial among surgeons. The aim of this article was to review the available literature on the tracheal invasion by differentiated thyroid carcinomas. A literature review on the literature related to tracheal invasion by differentiated thyroid carcinomas (- 2016 2000) was performed in PubMed / MEDLINE. The following keywords and phrases in English were used: thyroid, carcinoma, differentiated thyroid cancer, tracheal invasion and their corresponding translation into Spanish. No randomized clinical trials were found. Most articles were retrospective. Clinical characteristics of this lesion and its diagnostic methods were evaluated: laryngo-tracheoscopy, aspiration cytology, and imaging studies: clinical characteristics of the lesion and diagnostic methods were evaluated. Surgical indications and anesthesiology care were defined. Finally, a critical discussion was made on the diagnostic methods and surgical techniques used and the value and indication of each. The clinical condition, the tracheoscopy, imaging and cytopathology study are essential to establish the preoperative diagnosis. Wherever possible, the circumferential resection of the trachea should be the technique of choice in the treatment of patients with tracheal infiltration by differentiated thyroid carcinomas(AU)

Carcinoma papilar de tiroides localmente invasivo en tráquea: Tratamiento oncológico y posterior traqueoplastia alejada por dehiscencia de anastomosis traqueal / Locally invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma with tracheal invasion: Oncological treatment and subsequent remote tracheoplasty due to tracheal anastomotic dehiscence

Introducción: El objetivo del tratamiento del carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides con invasión traqueal es resecar satisfactoriamente la enfermedad conservando las funciones. Caso clínico: Mujer de 27 años, con masa tiroidea con compromiso traqueal evidenciado por tomografía computarizada. Se efectuó tiroidectomía total, linfadenectomía central y selectiva II-V bilateral, resección segmentaria y anastomosis traqueal. En el postoperatorio presentó dehiscencia de la anastomosis, requiriendo traqueostomía. Posteriormente, se efectuó traqueoplastia con evolución favorable. Discusión: La resección traqueal segmentaria es de elección en casos de compromiso local sin enfermedad a distancia. La traqueoplastia permite obtener un resultado funcional satisfactorio en estos casos en centros de alto volumen.

Introduction: The aim of surgery in well-differentiated thyroid cancer with tracheal invasion is to remove all the tumour while preserving functional structures. Clinical case: A 27 year old female presented with a thyroid mass with tracheal invasion on the computed tomography. She underwent total thyroidectomy, bilateral central compartment and selective II-V neck dissection, and tracheal resection with end-to-end anastomosis. She subsequently had anastomotic dehiscence, which required a tracheostomy. Tracheoplasty was later performed with good functional results. Discussion: Segmentary tracheal resection is the procedure of choice in differentiated thyroid cancer with local invasion and with no distant disease. Tracheoplasty, performed in highvolume centres, leads to a satisfying functional outcome.

A Case of Window Resection and Secondary Reconstruction of the Trachea Invaded by Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

Generally, the treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer is not difficult, but it is so with invasive cancer which invades the airway such as the tracheal or cricoid cartilage. In case of circumferential invasion of the trachea, resection and end-to-end anastomosis is preferred. In the less-than-half involvement of the trachea, conservative management such as sternocleidomastoid periosteal flap, or fenestration and staged closure is feasible. But in more-than-half the involvement of the trachea, these managements are usually not preferred. Authors describe a case of tracheal fenestration and the closure of a tracheal defect, which are not usually found in such of cases. Some techniques and their advantages are presented with a review of related articles.

Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Papillary Carcinoma in the Thyroid Isthmus

PURPOSE: Surgical approaches for papillary thyroid carcinoma remain controversial. Moreover, previous reports regarding surgical strategy for papillary carcinoma of thyroid isthmus are very few. The aims of this study are to analyze the clinicopathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma of the isthmus and to develop more appropriate surgical strategies. METHODS: Prospectively, papillary carcinoma arising thyroid isthmus (n=35) was included in this study from June 2006 to December 2008. All of the patients had total thyroidectomy with bilateral central compartment node dissection performed. Lateral nodes were sampled for frozen biopsy when metastasis was suspected by preoperative study. Thirty-five patients, who had unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma, had total thyroidectomy with bilateral central compartment node dissection as control group and compared with papillary thyroid carcinoma of isthmus. RESULTS: Lymph node metastasis was higher than control group in patients of isthmus cancer (51% vs 20%, P<0.05). Capsular invasion and multifocality observed in 63% and 23% respectively, but there was no significant difference compared to control group, statistically. Capsular invasion showed a positive correlation with lymph node metastasis by univariate and multivariate analysis. Analysis of ipsilateral nodal metastatic distribution revealed no definite metastatic pattern. Tracheal adhesion was observed in 4 cases of isthmus cancer group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it is recommended that bilateral CCND is needed as an appropriate primary surgical procedure for localized papillary carcinoma of thyroid isthmus.