RESUMEN
El rol monofuncional de la agricultura empresarial ha generado serios desequilibrios ambientales y socioculturales que comprometen su productividad futura. Una valoración de la multifuncionalidad de la agricultura en 18 sistemas tradicionales, ganaderos y de monocultivos, evaluados en la cuenca del río Guaguarco a partir de variables biofísicas, sociales, culturales, productivas y financieras, calificaron la agricultura tradicional como la más funcional, seguida de los sistemas ganaderos y de monocultivo. La capacidad de los agricultores para desplegar múltiples funciones en sus sistemas de finca constituye una estrategia para enfrentar las adversidades que ponen en riesgo su continuidad.
The monofunctional role of the business-oriented agriculture has generated serious environmental and socio-cultural imbalances that threaten its future productivity. An appraisal of agriculture's multifunctionality in 18 traditional farming systems, livestock farming and monoculture farming, evaluated at the Guaguarco river basin with biophysical, social, cultural, productive and financial variables, evaluated the traditional farming systems as the most functional followed by the livestock farming and monoculture farming. The farmer's capability to deploy multiple functions to their farming systems, constitute a strategy to face the adversities that put at risk continuity.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Agricultura Sostenible , Cuencas , Características Culturales , AgriculturaRESUMEN
Based on nine microsatellite loci, the aim of this study was to appraise the genetic diversity of 42 cassava (Manihot esculenta) landraces from selected regions in Brazil, and examine how this variety is distributed according to origin in several municipalities in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Amazonas and Mato Grosso. High diversity values were found among the five above-mentioned regions, with 3.3 alleles per locus on an average, a high percentage of polymorphic loci varying from 88.8% to 100%, an average of 0.265 for observed heterozygosity and 0.570 for gene diversity. Most genetic diversity was concentrated within the regions themselves (HS = 0.52). Cluster analysis and principal component based scatter plotting showed greater similarity among landraces from São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Amazonas, whereas those from Minas Gerais were clustered into a sub-group within this group. The plants from Mato Grosso, mostly collected in the municipality of General Carneiro, provided the highest differentiation. The migration of human populations is one among the possible reasons for this closer resemblance or greater disparity among plants from the various regions.