Cultural, Belief, And Lifeway Factors in Diabetes Patients: An Ethnonursing Study

@#Introduction: The people of Sumba prefer traditional medication from shamans as they believe that diabetes they suffer from the Marapu, hence uncurable by modern medical means. This study aimed to derive a picture regarding diabetes patients’ cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways in the East Sumba ethnic of Indonesia. Methods: This study uses a qualitative design with an ethnographic approach which was conducted in 2018. The main participants in the study were seven diabetic patients, were determined purposively. Focused discussions were held with the person in charge of the non-communicable disease program from seven Public Health Centers. Data were collected from interviews, focus group discussions, field notes and observation sheets. All data were analyzed by content analysis method corresponding to the 4 phases in ethnonursing. Results: Five themes were generated in this study with details of three themes describing the cultural values of diabetic patients (subthemes traditional ceremonies, chewing happa, and traditional medicine), one theme describing the beliefs of diabetic patients (subthemes perceptions about diabetes) and one theme describing the lifestyle of diabetic patients (subthemes eating/drinking patterns, spiritual values, rest/sleep habits, and daily activities). The culture of diabetics depicted in adat ceremonies, happa or betel nut chewing, and traditional medication, which is still thick in East Sumba and their beliefs on the disease they suffer from, exert influence on their daily lives, including their eating or drinking patterns, spiritual values, resting or sleeping patterns, and daily activities. Conclusion: This finding can be helpful for the effort to improve nursing for diabetes patients by cultural approaches.

Cuidado transcultural y estrategias familiares ante la dependencia: el fenómeno de los cuidadores extranjeros / Transcultural Care and Family Strategies to Deal with Dependency: The Phenomenon of Foreign Caregivers / Cuidado transcultural e estratégias familiares ante a dependência: o fenômeno dos cuidadores estrangeiros

Introducción: cuando un cuidador procede de un país diferente al de la persona cuidada se presenta una contraposición de culturas y prácticas sociales. El concepto de cuidado transcultural de Leininger hace eco de la diversidad cultural que supone esta contraposición y recomienda incorporarla en la práctica profesional, desarrollando cuidados que ella define como culturalmente competentes. Objetivo: conocer qué tipo de estrategias desarrollan los cuidadores extranjeros a la hora de cuidar personas de diferente origen y cómo estas se integran en el contexto social, cultural e institucional de la sociedad receptora. Materiales y métodos: método cualitativo, a través de entrevistas en profundidad a cuidadoras inmigrantes en la provincia de Huelva, así como a personal especializado en los cuidados de pacientes en situación de dependencia. Resultados: descripción de prácticas socioculturales que los cuidadores elaboran según su cultura y cómo intervienen en el ejercicio de los cuidados en la sociedad receptora. Conclusiones: los cuidadores extranjeros desarrollan en ocasiones estrategias afines a sus propias creencias priorizándolas sobre las de la persona cuidada o las de la sociedad receptora, lo que genera choques culturales. Se sugiere que los profesionales de enfermería deben identificarlas para poder intervenir, utilizando la formación y competencia cultural como herramientas para el cambio.

Introduction: When a caregiver comes from a country other than that of the person being cared for there is a clash of cultures and social practices. Leininger's concept of transcultural care echoes the cultural diversity this contrast or opposition involves and recommends incorporating it into professional practice by developing what she defines as culturally competent care. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know what type of strategies foreign caregivers develop when caring for people of different origin and how these strategies are integrated into the social, cultural and institutional context of the recipient society. Study Materials and Methods: A qualitative approach was used, based on in-depth interviews with immigrant caregivers in the province of Huelva and with personnel specialized in dependent patient care. Results: The study provides a description of the socio-cultural practices caregivers develop, according to their culture, and how those practices intervene in the exercise of care in the recipient society. Conclusions: Foreign caregivers sometimes develop strategies akin to their own beliefs, giving them priority over those of the care recipient or the recipient society. This can cause cultural clashes. Nursing professionals must identify these clashes so as to be able to intervene, using training and cultural competency as tools for change.

Introdução: quando um cuidador vem de um país diferente ao da pessoa cuidada, apresenta-se uma contraposição de culturas e práticas sociais. O conceito de cuidado transcultural de Leininger reitera a diversidade cultural que essa contraposição supõe e recomenda incorporá-la na prática profissional desenvolvendo cuidados que ela define como culturalmente competentes. Objetivo: conhecer que tipo de estratégias desenvolvem os cuidadores estrangeiros na hora de cuidar de pessoas de diferente origem e como estas se integram no contexto social, cultural e institucional da sociedade receptora. Materiais e métodos: método qualitativo, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade a cuidadores imigrantes em Huelva (Espanha), assim como a pessoal especializado nos cuidados de pacientes em situação de dependência. Resultados: descrição de práticas socioculturais que os cuidadores elaboram segundo sua cultura e como intervêm no exercício dos cuidados na sociedade receptora. Conclusões: os cuidadores estrangeiros desenvolvem em ocasiões estratégias afins a suas próprias crenças e priorizam-nas sobre as da pessoa cuidada ou as da sociedade receptora, o que gera choques culturais. Sugere-se que os profissionais de enfermagem as identifiquem para poder intervir utilizando a formação e competência cultural como ferramentas para a mudança.

Significado de las experiencias vividas de padres de niños sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular en la Fundación Cardioinfantil de Bogotá / Meaning of the lived experiences of parents of children undergoing cardiovascular surgery at the Fundación Cardioinfantil de Bogotá

El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir desde lo cultural el significado de las experiencias vividas por los padres de niños sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidado intensivo pediátrico. Se utilizo el método de la etnoenfermería propuesto por la teorista Leininger. La amplitud de la investigación corresponde a una Etnografía de pequeño alcance, por cuanto constituye significados de experiencias de padres con hijos en postoperatorio de cirugía cardiovascular. Para el análisis y recolección de la información se tuvo en cuenta la observación, participación, reflexión y las entrevistas a profundidad. Los datos obtenidos desde el inicio de la investigación hasta su culminación, se basaron en las cuatro fases que propone Leininger. Los Factores de la estructura social y cultural, del Sol naciente, mencionados en el marco teórico, son retomados en el análisis de cada tema. Finalmente, los significados de las experiencias vividas por los padres de niños sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular se ven reflejados en tres temas: unas respuestas de los padres, unos requerimientos de información en relación al estado del niño y la utilización de recursos. El análisis de esta investigación permitió encontrar la manera como están presentes los factores de la estructura social y cultural en el significado de las experiencias de los padres que tienen a sus hijos hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Cardiovascular Pediátrica de la Fundación Cardioinfantil, facilitando la identificación de requerimientos para el cuidado de estos padres. (AU)

The objective of this research was to describe from the cultural meaning of the experiences by parents of children undergoing cardiovascular surgery who are hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit. IT was used the method ethno nursing proposed by theorist Leininger,. The breadth of research corresponds to a small extent Ethnography; it constitutes meanings of experiences of parents with children in postoperative cardiovascular surgery. For analysis and data collection was taken into account observation, participation, and reflection and depth interviews. The data obtained from the beginning of the research until its termination, were based on the four phases proposed by Leininger. Factors of social and cultural structure, the rising sun, mentioned in the theoretical framework, are taken up in the analysis of each topic. Finally, is obtained meaning of the experiences by parents of children undergoing cardiovascular surgery, presented as themes, with their respective cultural patterns. This research allowed to the researchers to recognize and learn, through the experiences of parents in the study, that the knowledge obtained contributes to the human dimension of nursing care, which take into account some attributes, as the need for knowledge of others, recognize the human responses of the other, and learn to communicate with each other are characteristic of human care. (AU)