Transmitted drug resistance among HIV infected men who have sex with men in Tianjin,2014-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand prevalence and transmission of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017.Methods A total of 225 blood samples were collected from HIV infected MSM in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017.Pol gene fragments were obtained by viral RNA extraction and nested PCR amplification.Phylogenetic and drug resistance analyses were conducted.Results A total of 205 samples were successfully sequenced and analyzed.Based on pol sequences,53.2％ (109/205),28.8％ (59/205),10.2％ (21/205),4.9％ (10/205) and 2.9％ (6/205) of the samples were positive for HIV subtypes CRF0 1_AE,CRF07_BC,B,CRF55_01B and unique recombinant forms (URFs).Twenty transmission clusters,including 75 sequences,were identified and 62.5％ (10/16) of sequences with TDR were in 5 clusters.The prevalence of TDR was 7.8％ between 2014 and 2017.The annual prevalence rate increased from 3.9％ (2/51) in 2014,5.7％ (3/53) in 2015,9.6％ (5/52) in 2016 to 12.2％(6/49) in 2017,the difference was not significant (x2=2.504,P=0.127).CRF01_AE and B strains had high TDR prevalence (3.4％,7/205) and (2.9％,6/205),respectively.The TDR mutation was mainly NNRTIs,the TDR prevalence was 6.3％ (13/205).In contract,the TDR prevalence of NRTIs and PIs were 1.5％ (3/205) and 1.0％ (2/205) respectively.Conclusion Results from this study suggested that the prevalence of HIV-1 TDR strains in MSM was serious in Tianjin.It is necessary to take effective prevention and control measures.

Transmitted drug resistance among HIV infected men who have sex with men in Tianjin,2014-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand prevalence and transmission of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017.Methods A total of 225 blood samples were collected from HIV infected MSM in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017.Pol gene fragments were obtained by viral RNA extraction and nested PCR amplification.Phylogenetic and drug resistance analyses were conducted.Results A total of 205 samples were successfully sequenced and analyzed.Based on pol sequences,53.2％ (109/205),28.8％ (59/205),10.2％ (21/205),4.9％ (10/205) and 2.9％ (6/205) of the samples were positive for HIV subtypes CRF0 1_AE,CRF07_BC,B,CRF55_01B and unique recombinant forms (URFs).Twenty transmission clusters,including 75 sequences,were identified and 62.5％ (10/16) of sequences with TDR were in 5 clusters.The prevalence of TDR was 7.8％ between 2014 and 2017.The annual prevalence rate increased from 3.9％ (2/51) in 2014,5.7％ (3/53) in 2015,9.6％ (5/52) in 2016 to 12.2％(6/49) in 2017,the difference was not significant (x2=2.504,P=0.127).CRF01_AE and B strains had high TDR prevalence (3.4％,7/205) and (2.9％,6/205),respectively.The TDR mutation was mainly NNRTIs,the TDR prevalence was 6.3％ (13/205).In contract,the TDR prevalence of NRTIs and PIs were 1.5％ (3/205) and 1.0％ (2/205) respectively.Conclusion Results from this study suggested that the prevalence of HIV-1 TDR strains in MSM was serious in Tianjin.It is necessary to take effective prevention and control measures.

Phylogeny and drug resistance of HIV PR gene among HIV patients receiving RT inhibitors in Iran

Objective: To survey the level and patterns of reverse transcriptase-based drug resistance and subtype distribution among antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected patients receiving only reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Iran. Methods: A total of 25 samples of antiretroviral therapy experienced patients with no history of using protease inhibitors were collected. After RNA extraction, reverse transcriptase-nested PCR was performed. The final products were sequenced and then analysed for drug-resistant mutations and subtypes. Results: No drug resistant mutations were observed among the 25 subjects. The results showed the following subtypes among patients:CRF 35_AD (88%), CRF 28_BF (8%), and CRF 29_BF (4%). Conclusions: A significant increase in drug resistance has been noted in recently-infected patients worldwide. Subtype distributions are needed to perform properly-designed surveillance studies to continuously monitor rates and patterns of transmitted drug resistance and subtypes to help guide therapeutic approaches and limit transmission of these variants.

Phylogeny and drug resistance of HIV PR gene among HIV patients receiving RT inhibitors in Iran

Objective: To survey the level and patterns of reverse transcriptase-based drug resistance and subtype distribution among antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected patients receiving only reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Iran. Methods: A total of 25 samples of antiretroviral therapy experienced patients with no history of using protease inhibitors were collected. After RNA extraction, reverse transcriptase-nested PCR was performed. The final products were sequenced and then analysed for drug-resistant mutations and subtypes. Results: No drug resistant mutations were observed among the 25 subjects. The results showed the following subtypes among patients: CRF 35_AD (88%), CRF 28_BF (8%), and CRF 29_BF (4%). Conclusions: A significant increase in drug resistance has been noted in recently-infected patients worldwide. Subtype distributions are needed to perform properly-designed surveillance studies to continuously monitor rates and patterns of transmitted drug resistance and subtypes to help guide therapeutic approaches and limit transmission of these variants.

High prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 in a counseling and testing center in the city of Itajaí, Brazil

ABSTRACT Itajaí is a port city in southern Brazil with one of the highest incidence and mortality rates from AIDS in the country. The prevalence and incidence of HIV infection were investigated in 1085 of 3196 new HIV-1 infection cases evaluated in the counseling and testing center of Itajaí from January 2002 to August 2008. Recent infections were assessed using the BED(tm), and polregion sequencing was performed in 76 samples. The prevalence ranged from 3.08% to 6.17% among women and from 10.26% to 17.36% among men. A total of 17% of infections were classified as recent, with annual incidence varying from 1.6% to 4.8 per 100 patient/year among women and from 2.05% to 8.5 per 100 patient/year among men. Pol sequences were obtained from 38 randomly recent infections selected individuals: 71% were infected by subtype C, 24% B, 2% D, and 2% F1. Among 38 subjects with established infection, 76% were subtype C, and 24% B. Transmitted drug resistance was detected in 18.4% of recent infection subjects (7.8% to nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, 5.2% to non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, and 5.2% protease inhibitors) and 5.2% of subjects with established infection had nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors resistance. The high prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in this region is unprecedented in studies involving cases evaluated in the counseling and testing centers in Brazil.

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus-1 drug resistance in a cohort of men who have sex with men in Belo Horizonte, Brazil - 1996-2012

The presence of transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 drug-resistance (TDR) at the time of antiretroviral therapy initiation is associated with failure to achieve viral load (VL) suppression. Here, we report TDR surveillance in a specific population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. In this study, the rate of TDR was evaluated in 64 HIV-infected individuals from a cohort of MSM between 1996-June 2012. Fifty-four percent had a documented recent HIV infection, with a seroconversion time of less than 12 months. The median CD4+T lymphocyte count and VL were 531 cells/mm3and 17,746 copies/mL, respectively. Considering the surveillance drug resistance mutation criteria, nine (14.1%) patients presented TDR, of which three (4.7%), five (7.8%) and four (6.2%) had protease inhibitors, resistant against nucleos(t)ide transcriptase inhibitors and against non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors mutations, respectively. Two of the patients had multi-drug-resistant HIV-1. The most prevalent viral subtype was B (44, 68.8%), followed by subtype F (11, 17.2%). This study shows that TDR may vary according to the population studied and it may be higher in clusters of MSM.