RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: The paper examined dominant discourses in the debate about live animal transport and trade before reviewing trade figures from the UN Comtrade database. Between 1998 and 2015, the trade in cattle increased slightly, the trade in pigs increased by 76%, while the trade in poultry increased more than doubled. It is shown that an increased division of work is the driving force behind animal trade and that not even animal advocacy groups are effective in reducing the amount of trade. Largely independent of the ethical framework applied, in an environment that pays increasingly tribute to animal welfare, this is problematic. The paper concluded that animal trade results in externalities that should be internalized by governments.
RESUMO: O artigo examina os discursos dominantes no debate sobre o transporte e comércio de animais vivos antes de analisar os dados do comércio da base de dados da ONU Comtrade. Entre 1998 e 2015, o comércio de bovinos aumentou ligeiramente, o comércio de suínos aumentou 76%, enquanto o comércio de aves mais do que duplicou. Demonstra-se que há uma divisão maior do trabalho que é a força motriz por trás do comércio de animais e que nem mesmo os grupos de defesa dos animais são eficazes na redução da quantidade de comércio. Em grande parte, independente do quadro ético aplicado, em um ambiente que qualifica cada vez mais o bem-estar animal, sendo um desenvolvimento problemático. O artigo conclui que o comércio de animais resulta em externalidades que devem ser internalizadas pelos governos.
RESUMEN
The effects of vitamins C and E on layer chickens transported by road for 6 h during the hot dry season were investigated. Two experimental groups consisting of thirty Shika Brown layers were separately administered vitamins C and E orally just before transportation, while another 30 layers, which were only given sterile water, served as control. Blood samples analyzed before and after transportation in the control layers showed a decrease (p<0.05) in total white blood cell, (p<0.01) lymphocyte and monocyte values, and a signifcant (p<0.05) and (p<0.001) increase in the values of eosinophils and heterophils post-transportation, respectively. In the experimental groups, post-transportation values of total white blood cells, eosinophils and monocytes were not different (p>0.05) from those obtained before transportation. Heterophil/lymphocyte values were highest in the control group. The result showed that transportation was stressful for the control layers. Post-transportation egg production was not signifcantly (p>0.05) different in the vitamin E treated group, but values recorded for the vitamin C and control groups were signifcantly (p<0.05) and (p<0.001) reduced compared to pre-transportation. In conclusion, vitamins C and E administration ameliorated the adverse effect of road transportation stress during the hot dry season.