Caracterización del Traumatismo Dentoalveolar Concomitante a Trauma Maxilofacial en Personal Profesional de Fuerzas Armadas: Revisión Narrativa

El trauma maxilofacial es un problema de salud pública, comúnmente asociado a traumatismo dentoalveolar. Su prevalencia es alta, siendo más frecuente en poblaciones de riesgo, como personal de Fuerzas Armadas, esto por sus actividades laborales, generando gran impacto en el paciente. Caracterizar, según la literatura, el traumatismo dentoalveolar concomitante a trauma maxilofacial en el personal profesional de Fuerzas Armadas. Se realizó una revisión narrativa en cuatro bases de datos, en octubre del 2020. Se incluyeron publicaciones de máximo 5 años de antigüedad, en inglés o español, con resumen disponible, estudios primarios y revisiones sistemáticas. Se excluyó publicaciones no disponibles en texto completo y reportes de casos. Se incluyeron 15 artículos. Existe un déficit de evidencia sobre la asociación que existe entre traumatismo dentoalveolar y traumatismo maxilofacial en la población estudiada. Encontrándose que solo el 6,7 % de estos incluía en su análisis la concomitancia entre ambos tipos de traumas. Sin embargo, los diagnósticos más prevalentes consistieron en fracturas coronarias y mandibulares, respectivamente, asociadas a actividades de entrenamiento y combate. Se establece que el tipo de trauma maxilofacial más frecuente en la población profesional de Fuerzas Armadas es la fractura mandibular y en relación al traumatismo dentoalveolar, la fractura coronaria. En cuanto a la etiología, destacan las heridas de bala, explosivos y accidentes en vehículos, afectando principalmente a personal del Ejército entre 18 a 30 años. Es importante mencionar que los artículos incluidos en esta revisión que hacen referencia a la concomitancia entre el traumatismo dentoalveolar y maxilofacial son escasos y no se encuentran actualizados, por lo que, se necesita continuar investigando en esta temática.

The maxillofacial injuries are a public health issue commonly associated to dentoalveolar injuries. Its high prevalence in risk population such as the Armed Forces personnel, due to their work activities, generates a great impact on the patient. Characterize, according to the literature, dentoalveolar injuries within the maxillofacial injuries in professional Armed Forces personnel. A narrative research was conducted on October 2020 with four data bases. Only 5-year-old publications were considered both in English and Spanish, including their available summary, primary studies and systematic revisions. Publications without full access or report cases were not included. Fifteen scientific papers were included. There is a deficit of evidence between maxillofacial and dentoalveolar injuries in the target population. Only 6.7 % of the research included a joint analysis between both traumas, however the most prevalent diagnosis consisted in coronaries and mandibular fractures, in that order, associated mainly to training and combat activities. The most frequent maxillofacial injury within the Armed Forces personnel is the mandibular fracture, and in relation with dentoalveolar injuries is the coronary fracture. Regarding the etiology, gunshot wounds, explosives and car accidents are featured affecting mainly between 18 to 30 years old army personnel. It's relevant to highlight that the scientific papers included in this revision about the association between dentoalveolar and maxillofacial injuries are poor and not updated. Further research is needed in this issue.

Padrão espacial e diferencial de renda dos domicílios de adolescentes e adultos jovens vítimas de traumatismo maxilofacial por agressão com arma de fogo / Spatial and differential income pattern of households of adolescents and young adults who are victims of maxillofacial injuries resulting from firearm aggression

Resumo O estudo investigou o padrão espacial dos casos de traumatismo maxilofacial decorrentes de agressão com arma de fogo em adolescentes e adultos jovens a partir do local de domicílio das vítimas e analisou comparativamente os diferenciais de renda dessas áreas. Estudo transversal com dados de vítimas atendidas em três hospitais de Belo Horizonte-MG, entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2010. Endereços foram georeferenciados por geocodificação. Tendências de aleatoriedade e densidade de pontos foram analisadas por Função K de Ripley e mapas de Kernel. A interação espacial entre os domicílios de adolescentes e adultos jovens foi verificada através da Função K12. Encontrouse registros de 218 casos de agressão com arma de fogo, com predomínio do sexo masculino (89,9%) e adultos jovens (70,6%). Os domicílios se distribuíram de forma agregada no espaço urbano com nível de confiança de 99% e níveis de agregação espacial semelhantes. Os clusters de domicílios convergiram para 7 favelas ou regiões vizinhas com população de maior renda revelando propagação de eventos. Os hotspots se concentraram em favelas com histórico de crimes ligados ao narcotráfico. A incorporação do espaço na dinâmica dos eventos mostrou que a condição econômica isoladamente não limitou a vitimização.

Abstract The study investigated the spatial pattern of cases of maxillofacial injury resulting from firearm aggression among teenagers and young adults and analyzed the comparison of income differentials in these areas based on the residence of the victims. This is a cross-sectional study with data from victims attended in three hospitals in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, from January 2008 to December 2010. The addresses of the victims were georeferenced by geocoding. Randomness and point density trends were analyzed using Ripley's K function and Kernel maps. The spatial interaction between the homes of adolescents and young adults was verified through the K12 function. Records of 218 cases of assault with a male predominance (89.9%) and young adults (70.6%) were found. Household clusters were distributed on an aggregate basis in the urban space with a confidence level of 99% and similar spatial aggregation levels. The hotspots converged on 7 shantytowns or neighboring regions with higher income population revealing spread of events. Hotspots focused on slums with a history of crimes linked to drug trafficking. The incorporation of space in the dynamics of events showed that the economic condition in isolation did not limit victimization.

Atención a pacientes con heridas maxilofaciales producidas por armas de fuego / Care of patients presenting with maxillofacial wounds by firearms

Los traumatismos y fracturas maxilofaciales ocasionan deformidades difíciles de ocultar por ser la cara la porción más visible del cuerpo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo documentar la atención a un grupo de pacientes con heridas maxilofaciales producidas por arma de fuego, que fueron atendidos por la brigada médica cubana del Hospital Al-Waheda de Maabar (República de Yemen). Se analizó un grupo de 9 pacientes con heridas maxilofaciales, atendidos en el Hospital Al-Waheda de Maabar, perteneciente a la Universidad de Thamar (Yemen), entre los años 2006 y 2008. Se recogieron los datos siguientes: nombre y apellidos edad, sexo, lesión principal, lesiones asociadas y tipo de tratamiento, así como la evolución de los pacientes. El método estadístico empleado fue el cálculo porcentual. Entre las principales lesiones tratadas se encontraron las fracturas mandibulares, nasales y dentoalveolares, para cuyo tratamiento se siguieron las normas de los protocolos establecidos para la atención de este tipo de afección. Los resultados fueron excelentes en todos los pacientes y hubo una rápida recuperación en todos los casos. Se obtuvieron muy buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales. Al comparar el estado preoperatorio y posoperatorio de los pacientes, se demostró la importancia de la atención integral del equipo de profesores cubanos(AU)

Traumatisms and maxillofacial fractures cause deformities difficult to hide because of the face of the more visible portion of the body. The aim of present paper is to document the care to group of patients presenting with maxillofacial wounds caused by firearms, treated by the Cuban medical brigade of Thamar University Al-Waheda Hospital of Maabar (Republic of Yemen). A group of 9 patients presenting with maxillofacial wounds caused by firearms treated in above mentioned hospital between 2006 and 2008. Following data were collected: full name, age, sex, leading lesion, lesions associated with the type of treatment, as well as the patient's course. Statistical method used was the percentage calculation. Among the firsts lesions treated were the mandibular, nasal and dentoalveolar fractures and its treatment the following guidelines of protocols established for care of this type of affection. Results were excellent in all patients and there was a fast recovery in all cases as well as goods aesthetic and functional results. Comparing the preoperative and the postoperative stage of patients it was possible to demonstrate the significance of integral care of the staff of Cuban professionals(AU)