Classification of peroneal muscle trochlear and its correlation with calcaneus / 解剖学报

Objective To measure and classify the trochlear size of fibular muscle, and to analyze its correlation with calcaneus. Methods In 824 calcaneal specimens, the length, width and height of the peroneal muscle trochlear were measured and classified according to the four types of flat, convex, concave and tunnel. Results The prevalence of the peroneal tubercle was 62. 5%. The average length, width, and height of the tubercle were ( 11.5±3.32) (2.56-23.14) mm, (6.27±2.20) (1.34-14.99)mm, and (2.69±1.30) (0.41-8.18)mm respectively. The four types of peroneal tubercle were classified as flat in 191 (37.09%), prominent in 189 (36.7%), concave in 131 (25.44%), and tunnel in 4 (0.77%). Conclusion This data may help understand pathology of peroneus tendon and its relationship with peroneal tubercle, and it may help make standard to define the abnormal peroneal tubercle.

Development of Printable Natural Cartilage Matrix Bioink for 3D Printing of Irregular Tissue Shape

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to provide instructive cues for cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and ultimately tissue regeneration. The use of decellularized ECM scaffolds for regenerative-medicine approaches is rapidly expanding. In this study, cartilage acellular matrix (CAM)-based bioink was developed to fabricate functional biomolecule-containing scaffolds. The CAM provides an adequate cartilage tissue–favorable environment for chondrogenic differentiation of cells. Conventional manufacturing techniques such as salt leaching, solvent casting, gas forming, and freeze drying when applied to CAM-based scaffolds cannot precisely control the scaffold geometry for mimicking tissue shape. As an alternative to the scaffold fabrication methods, 3D printing was recently introduced in the field of tissue engineering. 3D printing may better control the internal microstructure and external appearance because of the computer-assisted construction process. Hence, applications of the 3D printing technology to tissue engineering are rapidly proliferating. Therefore, printable ECM-based bioink should be developed for 3D structure stratification. The aim of this study was to develop printable natural CAM bioink for 3D printing of a tissue of irregular shape. Silk fibroin was chosen to support the printing of the CAM powder because it can be physically cross-linked and its viscosity can be easily controlled. The newly developed CAM-silk bioink was evaluated regarding printability, cell viability, and tissue differentiation. Moreover, we successfully demonstrated 3D printing of a cartilage-shaped scaffold using only this CAM-silk bioink. Future studies should assess the efficacy of in vivo implantation of 3D-printed cartilage-shaped scaffolds.

Isolated Fracture of Distal Humeral Trochlea

Isolated fracture of the distal humeral trochlea occurs while the axial load delivered to the elbow passes through the trochlear of the distal humerus. It has been rarely reported, because of those reasons. The trochlea is located deep inside of the elbow joint space and since it does not have the direct attachment with muscles or ligaments, a force is hardly transmitted directly. Also ulno-humeral joint is less influenced by compressive or shear force than radio-humeral joint. We report a case of isolated trochlear fracture with review of the literature.

Fratura intra-articular da extremidade distal do úmero tipo IV de Bryan e Morrey tratada cirurgicamente com acesso anterior: relato de caso / Bryan and Morrey type IV intra-articular fracture of the distal extremity of the humerus treated surgically with anterior access: case report

No contexto dos traumatismos ao nível do cotovelo, as fraturas com traço coronal da extremidade distal do úmero são raras e resultam de trauma axial indireto no membro superior estendido. São fraturas intra-articulares de difícil tratamento por demandar redução anatômica e estável para a manutenção da congruência articular e redução das complicações como rigidez. Reporta-se neste artigo um caso ocorrido em um jovem do sexo masculino, vítima de queda de escada que resultou em uma fratura intra-articular do úmero distal tipo IV de Bryan e Morrey e que foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico por via de acesso anterior e osteossíntese com dois parafusos de Herbert inseridos de anterior para posterior.

Within the context of elbow-level trauma, fractures with a coronal line at the distal extremity of the humerus are rare and result from indirect axial trauma with the arm extended. These are difficult-to-treat intra-articular fractures, since they require stable anatomical reduction in order to maintain joint congruence and diminish complications such as stiffness. This paper reports a case that occurred in a young man who suffered a fall from a ladder that resulted in a Bryan and Morrey type IV intra-articular fracture of the humerus. The injury was treated surgically by means of an anterior access, using osteosynthesis with two Herbert screws that were inserted from anterior to posterior.

Autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation for non-traumatic and posteromedial subchondral osteonecrosis of trochlea tali / 医学研究生学报

Objective Non-traumatic and posteromedial subchondral osteonecrosis of trochlea tali (NTPSOTT) is a special type of necrosis of the talus , for which early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important .This study investigated the clinical ef-fectiveness of autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation in the treatment of NTPSOTT . Methods We retrospectively analyzed 21 cases of NTPSOTT treated by autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation and evaluated using the Clinical Rating System of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ( AOFAS) , Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS) , and X-ray and CT examinations . Results The pa-tients were followed up for 12-26 months and all healed desirably , with the graft well integrated into the surrounding tissue , but no as-similation, collapse of the articular surface , or narrowing of the joint space .The last follow-up visit revealed significantly improved AOFAS score (90.55 ±6.73 vs 50.87 ±11.42, P=0.009) and VAS score (1.32 ±0.81 vs 6.43 ±1.66, P=0.027) as compared with the baseline . Conclusion Autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation is preferable for the treatment of NTPSOTT , which can effectively reduce the pain in the ankle , maintain the joint space , and protect the function of the ankle .