Anti urolithiatic activity of Cyperus rotundus tubers: In silico, In vitro and In vivo approaches

Abstract The present research evaluated the anti urolithic potential of Cyperus rotundus tubers extract using in silico, in vitro and in vivo techniques. In silicostudy was performed of Cyperus rotundus constituents and pathological protein oxalate oxidase (PDB Id: 2ETE). In vitrostudy, nucleation and aggregation assay involved for assessment of ethanol extract of Cyperus rotundus tuber (50-3000 µg/ml).In vivo studies involved that the Cyperus rotundusethanolic extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg B.wt.) wastreatedonsodium oxalate induced urolithiatic rats for seven days,evaluated kidney function by urine and serum biochemical analysis and statistical analysis performed usingGraphPad prism5 software.In silico results showedthat Cyperus rotundus constituents,Humulene epoxide, 4-Oxo-alpha-ylangene, Cubebol were exhibited better binding energyonoxalate oxidase.Ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundustuber was exhibited nucleation, aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals inhibition in dosedependent manner. Sodium oxalate treatment was triggered biochemical changesin the urine that have been substantially prevented by the ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus tuber. The current findings Cyperus rotundus anti urolithic activity due to antioxidant essential oils. The molecular docking results could be used to optimize lead and develop the appropriate urolithiasis treatment.

Research progress of Curcuma kwangsiensis root tubers and analysis of liver protection and anti-tumor mechanisms based on Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Curcuma kwangsiensis root tuber is a widely used genuine medicinal material in Guangxi, with the main active components of terpenoids and curcumins. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation to relieve pain, moving Qi to relieve depression, clearing heart and cooling blood, promoting gallbladder function and anti-icterus. Modern research has proved its functions in liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, blood lipid reduction and immunosuppression. Considering the research progress of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and the core concept of quality marker(Q-marker), we predicted the Q-markers of C. kwangsiensis root tubers from plant phylogeny, chemical component specificity, traditional pharmacodynamic properties, new pharmacodynamic uses, chemical component measurability, processing methods, compatibility, and components migrating to blood. Curcumin, curcumol, curcumadiol, curcumenol, curdione, germacrone, and β-elemene may be the possible Q-markers. Based on the predicted Q-markers, the mechanisms of the liver-protecting and anti-tumor activities of C. kwangsiensis root tubers were analyzed. AKT1, IL6, EGFR, and STAT3 were identified as the key targets, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism pathway, cancer pathway, and hepatitis B pathway were the major involved pathways. This review provides a basis for the quality evaluation and product development of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and gives insights into the research on Chinese medicinal materials.

Calidad de forraje y almidón en 10 clones de batata Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam / Forage and starch quality in 10 sweet potato clones Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam

RESUMEN La batata Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. es una manifestación de la biodiversidad silvestre y cultivada del Neotrópico, caracterizada por hojas anchas y tubérculos feculentos. La especie es objeto de investigación, por su amplio uso e importancia en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, por sus propiedades nutricionales y aporte energético, convirtiéndose en un recurso imprescindible para la seguridad alimentaria. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el rendimiento agronómico, en valor relativo del forraje (VRF) y rendimiento y calidad de almidón, en tubérculos de batata. Se evaluaron 10 clones seleccionados por alta materia seca en tubérculos, con un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con 3 repeticiones y 6 plantas por repetición. Se destacó el clon 440-078, con un VRF de 133,07 y por el alto rendimiento de tubérculos los clones 440-656 y 440-621, considerados como materiales promisorios para calidad del tubérculo; este último presentó el peso de tubérculo más alto en las tres categorías identificadas A, B y C. El clon Tainung-66, se posicionó con -1.53 de ISP, asociado con bajos valores de fibra (28,9 y 20,25 de FDN y FDA, respectivamente), que le confieren una digestibilidad burda del tubérculo del 72 %. Además, se determinaron diferencias significativas (p <0,05), en las propiedades de empastamiento del almidón, con superioridad del clon 440-016, por sus características retrogradantes, con 221 cP y el clon Tainug-66, por su estabilidad teniendo en cuenta la viscosidad.

ABSTRACT The sweet potato Ipomoea babatas (L.) Lam., is a manifestation of the wild and cultivated Neotropical biodiversity, characterized by leaves with value as forage and starchy tubers, it is the object of research for its wide use and importance in tropical and subtropical regions, for its nutritional properties and contribution energy, becoming an essential resource for food security. The agronomic yield was evaluated in relative forage value (RFV), yield, and starch quality in sweet potato tubers. 10 clones selected for high dry matter in tubers were evaluated, with a randomized complete block design with 3 repetitions and 6 plants per repetition. Clone 440-078 stood out with an RFV of 133.07 and due to its high performance in tubers, clones 440-656 and 440-621, considered as promising materials for tuber quality, the latter presented the highest tuber weight in the three identified categories A, B, and C. The Tainung-66 clone is positioned in first place with -1.53 ISP associated with low fiber values (28.9 and 20.25 of NDF and ADF respectively), which give it a gross tuber digestibility of 72 %. Significant differences (p <0.05) in starch plastering properties were determined, with superiority at clone 440-016 for its retrograde characteristics with 221 cP and the Tainug-66 clone for its stability taking into account the maximum viscosity (Vm) and the viscosity of the cold paste (VPF) with 730 cP and 738 cP respectively.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Aristolochic Acids in Aristolochia cinnabarina Dried Root Tubers by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish a qualitative and quantitative method for the determination of aristolochic acids in <italic>Aristolochia cinnabarina</italic> dried root tubers. Method:The dried root tubers of <italic>A. cinnabarina </italic>was qualitative and quantitative analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS）. The analysis was performed on Waters ACQUITY UPLC-BEH C₁₈ column （ 2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-1 min， 10%B； 1-9 min， 10%-30%B； 9-11 min， 30%-50%B； 11-15 min， 50%-90%B）. The flow rate was 0.45 mL·min^-1， column temperature was 35 ℃， and the detection wavelength was 250 nm. Mass spectral data was acquired in positive mode of electrospray ionization （ESI）. At the same time， the UPLC fingerprints of aristolochic acids in 21 batches of <italic>A. cinnabarina</italic> dried root tubers were established， and the contents of 5 aristolochic acids in <italic>A. cinnabarina</italic> dried root tubers from different producing areas and different harvesting periods were determined. Result:A total of 17 compounds， including 8 aristolochic acids， 7 aristololactams and 2 4，5-dioxoaporphine alkaloids， were identified from <italic>A. cinnabarina</italic> dried root tubers by mass spectrometry data and bibliographic information. Ten common peaks were identified in the UPLC fingerprint， and they were tuberosinone-<italic>N</italic>-<italic>β</italic>-<italic>D</italic>-glucoside， aristolactam Ⅰa-<italic>N</italic>-<italic>β</italic>-<italic>D</italic>-glucoside， aristolochic acid Ⅳa-<italic>O</italic>-<italic>β</italic>-<italic>D</italic>-glucoside， aristolactam Ⅲa-<italic>N</italic>-<italic>β</italic>-<italic>D</italic>-glucoside， aristolactam Ⅰ-<italic>N</italic>-<italic>β</italic>-<italic>D</italic>-glucoside， aristolochic acid Ⅲa， aristolochic acid Ⅳa， aristolochic acid Ⅱ， aristolactam Ⅰ and aristolochic acid Ⅰ. According to the quantitative analysis， the results exhibited that aristolochic acid Ⅲa， aristolochic acid Ⅳa， aristolochic acid Ⅱ， aristolactam Ⅰ and aristolochic acid Ⅰ had good linear relationships in the linear range. The relative standard deviations （RSDs） of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all less than 3.0%， the recovery was 97.06%-101.84% （RSD<3.0%）. The contents of aristolochic acid Ⅰ， aristolochic acid Ⅱ， aristolochic acid Ⅲa， aristolochic acid Ⅳa， and aristolactam Ⅰ in 21 batches of <italic>A. cinnabarina</italic> dried root tubers were 0.938 6-3.567 5， 1.377 6-3.688 1， 0.056 3-0.527 7， 0.108 8-0.305 5， 0.021 0-0.081 7 mg·g^-1， respectively. Conclusion:The content of aristolochic acids in <italic>A. cinnabarina</italic> dried root tubers has a certain difference， the contents of aristolochic acid Ⅰ and Ⅱ are higher than other aristolochic acids. The established method is rapid， simple， accurate and reliable， which can provide reference for the quality control and evaluation of <italic>A. cinnabarina</italic> dried root tubers.

Molecular Detection of Mycological Content in Ready to Eat Garri in Bayelsa State

Background and Objective: Garri is a powdery carbohydrate-based food material of cassava root tubers (Manihot esculenta Crantz) consumed predominantly in West African countries. It can be processed with palm oil rich in carotenoid (Light-yellow) or without palm oil (Creamy-white). In Nigeria, garri is widely acceptable and consumed by both the poor, the middle men or average Nigerian, and also the rich because it serves as a major source of carbohydrate.The study aimed at detecting fungal strains that produce mycotoxins in garri sourced from Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State.Materials and Methods:A total number of fifty freshly prepared and market displayed-garri samples were collected and processed using standard mycological techniques and Polymerase Chain Reaction from the 23 villages that constitute the LGA.Results:Results showed that the moulds isolated in yellow garri samples in this study were; Aspergillus spp9(37.50%),Cladosporiumspp 5(20.83%),Fusarium spp4(16.67%),Penicillus spp3(12.50%),Rhizopus spp2(8.30%) and Mucor spp1(4.17%),while those isolated in the white garri samples were; Aspergillus spp 6(25%), Penicilliumspp 8(33.3%), Cladosporium spp 4(16.7%), Rhizopus spp 2(8.3%),Mucor spp 1(4.1%), Alternaria spp 2(8.3%) and Fusarium spp 1(4.1%) with predominance of Penicilliumand Asperigellus species. Twenty samples subjected to molecular analysis to determine the Internal Transcribed Spacerregion (ITS) and characterization of the fungal strains were all positive (100%).Conclusion:Fungal contamination on garri mostly results from unhealthy post-processing activity basically from poor packaging and storage. Mycotoxins from fungal strains have serious health implications on humans therefore it is paramount that proper packaging and storage of this product is publicized to reduce its mycological contamination.

In vitro fermentation of diets containing sweet potato flour as a substitute for corn in diets for ruminants / Fermentação in vitro de dietas contendo farinha de batata-doce como substituto do milho em dietas para ruminantes

ABSTRACT: With the intensification of production systems, dairy cow feeding has undergone changes creating the need to increase substitute feed options, focusing on more efficient, modern, and sustainable alternatives. Few researches were carried out evaluating the inclusion of sweet potato flour as an energy source in substitution of maize for ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro gas production of ground corn replacement by sweet potato flour at different levels. For in vitro gas production, four treatments were performed, consisting of corn replacement by sweet potato flour at the levels of 0, 33, 66, and 100%, in a diet consisting of corn silage, soybean meal, and ground corn. In vitro incubations were conducted in sealed bottles containing 50 ml of the inoculum prepared using ruminal fluid and 0.5 g of each treatment. Gas production was determined in 96 consecutive hours. The cumulative gas production was greater when the corn was 100% replaced by SPF (224 ± 1.45 and 231.9 ± 1.45 ml/g DMi for 0 and 100% of replacement, P = 0.01). Degradation rates were 7.10, 7.59, 8.08, and 8.59 ± 0.06% per hour for the 0, 33, 66, and 100% replacement rates, respectively (P<0.001). There was also a difference (P = 0.002) in the lag time, in which diets with the highest SPF inclusion had a lower colonization time. In conclusion, sweet potato flour produced more gas and was more rapidly degraded than corn.

RESUMO: Com a intensificação dos sistemas de produção e o aumento das exigências alimentares das vacas leiteiras criou-se a necessidade de diversificação nas opções de alimentos, focando em alternativas mais eficientes, modernas e sustentáveis. Poucas pesquisas foram realizadas avaliando a inclusão da farinha de batata-doce como fonte de energia em substituição ao milho para ruminantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de gás in vitro da farinha de batata-doce (SPF) em substituição ao milho moído em diferentes níveis. Para a produção de gás in vitro, foram realizados quatro tratamentos, com substituição de milho por farinha de batata-doce a 0, 33, 66 e 100%, em uma dieta com silagem de milho, farelo de soja e milho moído. As incubações foram conduzidas em frascos selados contendo 50 ml do inóculo preparado utilizando o fluido ruminal, solução tampão e 0,5 g de cada tratamento. A produção de gás acumulada foi maior na substituição do milho pela SPF em 100% (224 ± 1.45 e 231,9 ± 1.45 ml/g MSi para as substituições 0 e 100%, P = 0,01). A taxa de degradação foi 7,10, 7,59, 8,08 e 8,59 ± 0,06% por hora nas substituições 0, 33, 66 e 100%, respectivamente (P<0,001). Houve também diferença (P = 0,002) no lag time, em que as dietas com maior inclusão de SPF tiveram tempo de colonização bacteriana menor. Em conclusão, a farinha de batata-doce produziu mais gás e foi degradada mais rapidamente que o milho.

Regulation of Integrin β3 Protein Secretion on Implantation Embryo of Mouse (Mus musculus L.) Induced by Oil Atsiri of Purple Nutsedge Tubers (Cyperus rotundus L.)

Aims: This study aims to determine the regulation of β3 integrin protein in the period of embryo implantation after being induced by oil atsiri of purple nutsedge tubers. Study Design: The study employed a completely randomised design using four concentration levels repeated six times. Place and Duration of Study: Organic Chemistry Laboratory and Zoology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Lampung, between June 2015 and April 2016. Methodology: This study used mouse as experimental animals with 24 female mouse, then mated with male mouse with a ratio (1 female: 1 male). After the vaginal plug was found in female mouse, then the essential oil of purple nutsedge tubers was induced orally (force-fed) according to the treatment dose. Each 6 female mice were grouped as a control group, and 3 treatment groups, consisting of controls (C) = 0.4 ml aquabides, treatment 1 (T1) = 4.5 mg/40g body weight, treatment 2 (T2) = 45 mg/40g body weight, and treatment 3 (T3) = 135 mg/40g body weight. After the one way Anova test, Ho is rejected, meaning there are significant differences and the analysis is continued with multiple comparison tests, in this case the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test is used. Results: The results shown that the induction of essential oils of purple nutsedge tubers can reduce the level of β3 integrin protein in uterus mouse significantly. Conclusion: It is suggested essential oil of purple nutsedge tubers has potential decrease and can reduce the level of β3 integrin protein in uterus mouse during the period of embryo implantation.

Caracterización morfológica y molecular de Oxalis tuberosa Mol. en el departamento de Boyacá / Morphological and molecular characterization of Oxalis tuberosa Mol. in the department of Boyacá

RESUMEN Dentro de los tubérculos andinos de mayor importancia, después de la papa, se encuentra la ibia (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.) ya que constituye un alimento básico para las comunidades campesinas. Boyacá es uno de los departamentos de Colombia, en donde todavía existe la tradición de cultivar y consumir tubérculos como los cubios, ullucus y rubas o ibias, sin embargo están amenazados por la erosión genética. No existen estudios sobre estos recursos fitogenéticos en Boyacá, por lo cual el objetivo de esta investigación fue colectar y caracterizar morfológica y molecularmente materiales de ibias en este departamento. El análisis morfológico mostró que las características más discriminantes fueron: color de los tallos aéreos, pigmentación de las axilas, color del follaje, color de la flor, color del pedúnculo y pedicelo, color predominante de la superficie del tubérculo, color secundario de la superficie del tubérculo, color predominante y secundario de la pulpa, distribución del color secundario de la pulpa y forma de los tubérculos. El análisis de similitud diferenció a los materiales en dos grandes grupos, de acuerdo principalmente a características morfológicas como el color y hábito de floración. El valor de heterocigosidad promedio para la población total fue de 0.39 el cual se considera alto al compararse con otros estudios de diversidad genética en ibias. El análisis de varianza molecular y el Fst (coeficiente de diferenciación genética) muestran que existe una alta variabilidad genética entre los materiales de ibias evaluados la cual debe ser conservada y aprovechada dentro de futuros programas de mejoramiento.

ABSTRACT Among the most important Andean tubers, after potato, is the ibia (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.) because it is a staple food for peasant communities. Boyacá in one of the departments of Colombia, where there is still tradition to grow and consume tubers like cubios, ullucus and rubas or ibias; however, they are threatened by genetic erosion. There are no studies on these plant genetic resources in Boyacá, therefore the goal of this research was to collect and morphological and molecularly characterize ibias in this department. Morphological analysis showed that the most discriminate characteristic were color aerial stems, pigmentation armpits, foliage color, flower color, color peduncle and pedicel, predominant color of the tuber surface, secondary color of the surface tuber, dominant and secondary color of the pulp, distribution of secondary pulp color and shape of tubers. The similarity analysis discriminate the materials in two groups according mainly to morphological characteristics such as color and flowering habit. The value of average heterozygosity for the total population was 0.39, which is considered high when compared with other studies of genetic diversity in ibias. The analysis of molecular variance and Fst (coefficient of genetic differentiation) show that existed a high genetic variability among the ibias evaluated which it should be maintained and exploited in future breeding programs of Andean tubers.

Composición química, perfil de aminoácidos y contenido de vitaminas de harinas de batata tratadas térmicamente / Chemical composition, amino acid profile and vitamin content of thermally treated sweet potato flours

RESUMEN Se evaluó químicamente el perfil de aminoácidos y contenido de vitaminas según la metodología oficial, las harinas crudas de batata y tratadas térmicamente por cocción. Se obtuvieron harinas crudas con contenidos de carbohidratos totales de 84,81%, almidón 50,65%, proteínas de 2,94%, contenidos de grasa cruda de 0,34%. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p≤ 0,05) por efecto de los tratamientos aplicados. Se redujo el contenido de humedad, cenizas, carbohidratos totales y azúcares reductores. Se observó un incremento en el contenido de fibra cruda. Predominaron en todas las harinas los aminoácidos ácido glutámico y ácido aspártico, el aminoácido limitante fue triptófano. Por efecto de los tratamientos aplicados, hubo diferencias (p≤ 0,05) en la composición de la mayoría de los aminoácidos, incrementando su concentración. El contenido de vitaminas A y C disminuyó por efecto de los tratamientos aplicados (p≤ 0,05). Se concluye que las harinas crudas de batata y cocidas pueden ser empleadas en la formulación de alimentos ya que aportan buenas cantidades de nutrientes.

ABSTRACT The chemical composition, amino acid profile and vitamin content of sweet potato flour (raw and heat treated by cooking) were evaluated according to official methodology. Crude flours with total carbohydrate content of 84.81%, starch 50.65%, proteins 2.94% and crude fat contents 0.34% were used. Statistically significant differences were found (p≤ 0.05) due to the effect of the applied treatments. The content of humidity, ash, total carbohydrates and reducing sugars were reduced and an increase in crude fiber content was observed. The amino acids glutamic acid and aspartic acid predominated in all flours. We observed low levels of the amino acid tryptophan. There were statistically significant differences (p≤ 0.05) due to the effect of the treatments applied on the composition of most of the amino acids, increasing their concentration. Vitamin A and C content decreased due to the effect of the applied treatments (p≤ 0.05). Raw and cooked sweet potato flours can be used in food formulation because they provide good amounts of nutrients.

Distribution, Characterization and Health Risk Assessment of Manganese in Vegetables and Root Tubers from Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria

Food safety and toxic metals accumulation in agricultural soil and food crops grown on such soils are major concern globally as a result of their significant health risks. This study was designed to evaluate the Manganese (Mn) level in vegetables, root tubers and agricultural soils in six communities in Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria. Mn transfer from soil-to-plant, average daily intake, and human health risk were also calculated. The level of Mn in vegetables and root tubers ranged between 2.19±0.23 – 28.4±1.27 mg/kg and 8.11±0.99 – 56.4±2.12 mg/kg, respectively. While Mn in vegetables and root tubers associated soils ranged between 27.1±1.18 - 88.4±1.77 mg/kg and 33.4±1.84 - 92.3±1.39 mg/kg, respectively across the various study sites. The higher bio-concentration factor (BCF) was obtained for cassava from B-Dere, Gbe and Bodo City. About 55.2% of THQ calculated were > 1. In this study, the daily intake of Mn via the consumption of vegetables and root tubers are more likely to pose severe health risks to the exposed population in Gokana and children are more susceptible to Mn toxicity than adults.

Fungal Rot of Yam (Dioscorea alata Lin.) Sold At Nsukka Markets in Nigeria

Fungal decay of yam (Dioscorea alata) popularly known as water yam bought from Nsukka Markets in Nigeria was investigated for the fungi responsible for postharvest rot of tubers in storage. The tubers were used to isolate and identify fungal species that cause rot and deterioration of tubers in storage. A total of seven fungi namely Botryodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus sp, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spa, Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp and Trichoderma sp were isolated from healthy or sound tubers. Pathogenicity test was done and proved for all the isolates with Botryodiplodia theobromae and Penicillium sp implicated as the most pathogenic while Trichoderma sp was the least pathogenic. Inoculated tubers were examined and the nature of the rot varied with the pathogens.Fungi

Yellow sweet potato flour: use in sweet bread processing to increase carotene content and improve quality

ABSTRACT Yellow sweet potato is mostly produced by small farmers, and may be a source of energy and carotenoids in the human diet, but it is a highly perishable crop. To increase its industrial application, yellow sweet potato flour has been produced for use in bakery products. This study aimed to evaluate the technological quality and the carotenoids content in sweet breads produced with the replacement of wheat flour by 0, 3, 6, and 9% yellow sweet potato flour. Breads were characterized by technological parameters and β-carotene levels during nine days of storage. Tukey's test (p<0.05) was used for comparison between means. The increase in yellow sweet potato flour concentrations in bread led to a decrease of specific volume and firmness, and an increase in water activity, moisture, orange coloring, and carotenoids. During storage, the most significant changes were observed after the fifth day, with a decrease in intensity of the orange color. The β-carotene content was 0.1656 to 0.4715 µg/g in breads with yellow sweet potato flour. This work showed a novel use of yellow sweet potato in breads, which brings benefits to consumers' health and for the agricultural business.

Correlation of phytochemical content with antioxidant potential of various sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in West Java, Indonesia

Objective: To determine antioxidant activity and phytochemical content from various tubers extracts of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and to explore the correlation of phytochemical content with their antioxidant activities. Methods: Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and FRAP assays. Total phenolic was calculated by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoid content by Chang's method and correlation with their antioxidant activities were analyzed by Pearson's method. Results: PO2 showed highest antioxidant activity, which had the lowest IC

Correlation of phytochemical content with antioxidant potential of various sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in West Java, Indonesia

Objective:To determine antioxidant activity and phytochemical content from various tubers extracts of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and to explore the correlation of phytochemical content with their antioxidant activities.Methods:Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and FRAP assays.Total phenolic was calculated by Folin-Cioealteu reagent,flavonoid content by Chang's method and correlation with their antioxidant activities were analyzed by Pearson's method.Results:PO2 showed highest antioxidant activity,which had the lowest IC50 DPPH (10.54 μg/mL) and the lowest EC5o FRAP (11.14 μg/mL).PO2 showed the highest total phenolic (11.91 g GAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (17.83 g QE/100 g).There were significantly negative correlation between total phenolic content and flavonoid content in sample PO with their IC5o DPPH and EC5o FRAP.IC50 DPPH of sample PP and PO showed significantly positive correlation with their EC5o FRAP.Conclusions:Result of DPPH method shows that all different ethyl acetate and ethanolic tubers extracts of four varieties of sweet potato are classified as strong and very strong antioxidant.Result of DPPH and FRAP methods indicates that phenolic and flavonoid compounds in sample PO contributes together to antioxidant activities.Antioxidant activities of sample PP and PO by DPPH method are linear to FRAP method.

Performance of organomineral fertilizer in winter and rainy potato crop / Perfomance do fertilizante organomineral na safra de inverno e das águas no cultivo da batateira

The Agata potato is the most important economic sources of food in Brazil. However, fertilization for this crop has been carried out incorrectly, increasing production costs. Thus, the use of organomineral fertilizer reduces the amount of nutrient applied, facilitates the release of nutrients more slowly and brings improvement in the chemical, physical and biological attributes of the soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of organomineral fertilizers rates and comparate with mineral source on the potato crop in differents seasons. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five rates and four replications in the winter season. In the harvest of the rainy season the experiment consisted of 6 rates and four replications. Treatments were 1629.0; 2444.0; 3258.0; 4073.0; 4887.0 kg ha-1 of the organomineral fertilizer which equals 40; 60; 80; 100 and 120% of the rate in relation to the mineral fertilizer of 2800 kg ha-1 of formulation 03-32-06. There weren`t significant difference of the organomineral fertilizer in relation to the mineral in the total, commercial and special class of tubers in the winter crop. In the harvest of rainy crop, the average total productivity of potato tubers at all rates of organomineral fertilizer was 29 t ha-1, which represents 22% higher than mineral fertilizer. The organomineral fertilizer presented agronomic efficiency for potato cultivation and could replace NPK mineral sources. The 4887.0 kg ha-1 organomineral rate generated higher total yield, commercial and special class of tubers.

A batata Agata é a principal fonte econômica de alimentos no Brasil. No entanto, a fertilização para esta cultura foi realizada incorretamente, aumentando os custos de produção. Assim, o uso de fertilizante organomineral reduz a quantidade de nutriente aplicado, facilita a liberação de nutrientes mais lentamente e traz melhora nos atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência das taxas de fertilizantes organomineral e comparar com a fonte mineral na cultura da batata em diferentes estações. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco taxas e quatro repetições no inverno. Na safra da estação chuvosa, a experiência consistiu em 5 doses e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram 1629,0; 2444,0; 3258,0; 4073,0; 4887,0 kg ha-1 do fertilizante organomineral que é igual a 40; 60; 80; 100 e 120% da dose em relação ao fertilizante mineral de 2800 kg ha-1 da formulação 03-32-06. Não houve diferença significativa do fertilizante organomineral em relação ao mineral na classe total, comercial e especial de tubérculos na safra de inverno. Na colheita da colheita chuvosa, a produtividade total média dos tubérculos de batata a todas as doses de fertilizante organomineral foi de 29 t ha-1, o que representa 22% maior que o fertilizante mineral. O fertilizante organomineral apresentou eficiência agronômica para cultivo de batata e pode substituir as fontes minerais NPK. A taxa organomineral de 4887,0 kg ha-1 gerou maior produção total, classe comercial e classe especial de tubérculos.

Comparative study of two kinds of lacrimal drainage tubes for lacrimal duct obstruction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To observe the clinical effect of the neotype lacrimal drainage tube(RS model)for the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction.<p>METHODS: It was a retrospective case series study. Totally 75 cases(93 eyes)of lacrimal duct obstruction were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups: treatment group(50 eyes)and control group(43 eyes). The treatment group was implanted the neotype lacrimal drainage tube(RS model). The control group underwent the implantation of annular silicone tube and their efficacy were analyzed. <p>RESULTS: Followed up for 3-12mo after extubation, the cure rate and total effective rate of the treatment group were 90%, 96% respectively, and the control group of it were 72%, 84%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). The total rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications was 8% in treatment group, 35% in control group respectively, the rate of the control group was obviously higher than that of the treatment group, there was significant statistical difference between the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The implantation of the neotype lacrimal drainage tube(RS model)is safe,fast and simple, easy to operate and extubate easily with good clinical effect in the treatment of lacrimal duct occlusion.

Chemical constituents from fresh tubers of Dioscorea bulbifera / 中国中药杂志

Eighteen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of fresh tubers of Dioscorea bulbifera by column chromatography over silica gel,Sephadex LH-20, and ODS. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as 6-hydroxy-2,10,10-trimethoxy-anthracen-9-one(1), diosgenin (2), stigmasterol(3), 3, 7-dimethoxy-5, 3', 4'-trihydroxyflavone(4), 2, 7-dihydroxy-3, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene(5), 3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxy phenanthrene(6), 2, 7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene (7), 2, 7-dihydroxy-3, 4-dimethoxy-9, 10-dihydroxy phenanthrene(8), azelaic acid (9), 8-epidiosbulbin E acetate (10), 1, 7-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4E, 6E-heptadien-3-one(11), diosbulbin B(12), pentacosanoic acid 2', 3'-dihydroxypropyl ester(13), 2, 7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9, 10-dihydroxy-phenanthrene (14), 1, 7-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1E, 4E, 6E-heptatrien-3-one (15), 6-ethoxy-1H-pyrimidine-2, 4-dione (16), 3, 5, 4'-trihydroxy-bibenzyl (17), and diosbulbin F (18). Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 7, 9, 13, and 16 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Estudio clínico genético en pacientes con complejo de esclerosis tuberosa / Clinical and genetic study patients with tuberous sclerosis complex

El complejo de esclerosis tuberosa (CET) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante multisistémica producida por mutaciones en los genes supresores de tumores TSC1 o TSC2. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y genéticamente pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de CET. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo de registros clínicos de 42 pacientes pediátricos controlados en un servicio de neuropsiquiatría infantil con diagnóstico de CET y estudio genético en 21 de ellos. Se amplificó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y secuenció el exón 15 del gen TSC1 y los exones 33, 36 y 37 del gen TSC2. Se analizó la relación entre las mutaciones encontradas con la severidad y evolución clínica. Resultados: En el 61,9% de los pacientes las manifestaciones comenzaron antes de los 6 meses de edad. Las manifestaciones iniciales de CET más frecuentes fueron las crisis convulsivas (73,8%) y el hallazgo de rabdomiomas cardiacos (16,6%). Durante su evolución, todos los pacientes presentaron compromiso neurológico; el 92,9% presentó epilepsia. Todos los pacientes presentaron máculas hipomelanóticas, 47,6% pangiofibromas faciales, 23,8% parches de Shagreen, 47,6% rabdomiomas cardiacos y 35,7% hamartomas retinianos. El estudio genético realizado a 21 pacientes identificó 2 mutaciones heterocigotas patogénicas en TSC1 y una en TSC2. Este último paciente presentaba un fenotipo clínico más severo. Conclusiones: Las manifestaciones neurológicas y dermatológicas fueron las más frecuentes en los pacientes con CET. Se identificaron 2 mutaciones patogénicas en el gen TSC1 y una en el gen TSC2. La mutación en TSC2 se manifestó en un fenotipo clínico más severo.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor genes TSC1 or TSC2. Objective: To characterize clinically and genetically patients diagnosed with TSC. Patients and Method: Descriptive study of clinical records of 42 patients from a pediatric neuropsychiatry department diagnosed with TSC and genetic study in 21 of them. The exon 15 of TSC1 gene and exons 33, 36 and 37 of TSC2 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The relationship between the mutations found with the severity and clinical course were analyzed. Results: In 61.9% of the patients the symptoms began before 6 months of age. The initial most frequent manifestations of TSC were new onset of seizures (73.8%) and the detection of cardiac rhabdomyomas (16.6%). During the evolution of the disease all patients had neurological involvement; 92.9% had epilepsy. All patients presented hypomelanotic spots, 47.6% facial angiofibromas, 23.8% Shagreen patch, 47.6 heart rhabdomyomas and 35.7% retinal hamartomas. In the genetic study of 21 patients two heterozygous pathogenic mutations in TSC1 and one in TSC2 genes were identified. The latter had a more severe clinical phenotype. Conclusions: Neurological and dermatological manifestations were the most frequent ones in patients with TSC. Two pathogenic mutations in TSC1 and one in TSC2 genes were identified. The patient with TSC2 mutation manifested a more severe clinical phenotype.

Effect of processing on the alkaloids in Aconitum tubers by HPLC-TOF/MS / 药物分析学报

According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015, only processed Aconitum tubers can be clinically applied, and the effect of processing is unclear. This research aimed to explore the effect of processing on cardiac efficacy of alkaloids in Aconitum tubers. First, the chemical ingredients in unprocessed and processed Aconitum tubers were identified and compared by using high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF/MS) and multivariate pattern recognition methods. Then the representative alkaloids in Aconitum tubers, aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine, which belong to diester-diterpenoid alkaloids, monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids, and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids, respectively, were selected for further validation of attenuated mechanism. Subsequent pharmacological experiments with aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine in SD rats were used to validate the effect of processing on cardiac functions. After processing the Aconitum tubers, it was found that the contents of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids were reduced, and those of monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids were increased, suggesting that diesterditerpenoid alkaloids were transformed into monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids. Through further decocting the aconitine in boiling water, it was confirmed that the three alkaloids could be progressively transformed. Pharmacological experiments with aconitine, benzoylaconine, and aconine in SD rats showed that aconitine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg and aconine at a dose of 10 mg/kg enhanced the cardiac function, while benzoylaconine at a dose of 2 mg/kg weakened the cardiac function. The effect of processing is attributed to the transformation of the most toxic diester-diterpenoid alkaloids into less toxic monoesterditerpenoid alkaloids and amine-diterpenoid alkaloids.

Alkaloid constituents from Corydalis decumbens / 中国药科大学学报

To study alkaloid constituents in Corydalis decumbens,thirteen compounds were isolated from 95％ ethanol extracts of Corydalis decumbens (Thunb) Pers.by silica gel,RP-C1s,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographer,recry stallization,thin-layer chromatography and HPLC.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data combined with physiochemical properties as tetrahydropalmatine (1),oxyhydrastinine (2),doryanine (3),palmatine (4),bicuculline (5),canadine (6),tetrahydrocoptisine(7),corydaldine (8),epicorynoxidine (9),N-methylcorydaldine (10),(+)-corlumine (11),N-methyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolone (12) and oxysanguinarine (13).Compounds 2,3,6,7,and 9-13 were isolated from this plant for the first time.In addition,compounds 2,3,and 9-13 were obtained firstly from this genus.Pharmacological experiments showed that tetrahydropalmatine (1) might have analgesic or sedative effects,and the bicuculline (5) could probably induce epilepsy.