Psicología Social Comunitaria Latinoamericana: tradiciones críticas y epistemes emergentes / Psicologia social comunitária latino-americana: tradições críticas e epistemes emergentes / Latin American Community Social Psychology: critical traditions and emerging epistemes / Psychologie sociale communautaire latino-américaine : traditions critiques et épistémès émergents

Resumen Este texto discute sobre la psicología social latinoamericana -originariamente conectada con tradiciones críticas de acción social (educación popular, ciencias sociales militantes, filosofía de la liberación)- y la recepción en dicho espacio de paradigmas emergentes vinculados al giro decolonial, las epistemologías del Sur y otras tendencias autonomistas y subalternistas para pensar los procesos de transformación social. Se revisa como dichos movimientos estarían desordenando y revitalizando una disciplina que, en su expresión hegemónica, se encontraba adormecida y cooptada por la institucionalización burocrática y la producción teórica neoliberal para leer e intervenir en el campo social. Para ello, se sitúa el desarrollo histórico de la disciplina en el clima teórico de tres momentos relevantes en la configuración del campo social. Se concluye con algunas observaciones sobre las posibilidades que asoman para pensar lo social-comunitario a la luz de estas epistemes emergentes, pero también algunos problemas/limitaciones a tener en consideración.

Resumo Discute-se a psicologia social comunitária latino-americana - originalmente ligada às tradições críticas da ação social no continente (educação popular, ciências sociais militantes, filosofia da libertação) - e sua recepção nesse espaço de paradigmas emergentes vinculados à virada decolonial, às epistemologias do Sul e suas tendências autonomistas e subalternistas para pensar os processos de transformação social. Revisa como esses movimentos estariam desordenando e revitalizando uma disciplina que, em sua expressão hegemônica, foi cooptada pela institucionalização burocrática e pela produção teórica neoliberal para ler e intervir no campo social. Pelo exposto, o desenvolvimento histórico da disciplina situa-se no clima teórico de três momentos relevantes na configuração do campo social. Conclui com algumas observações sobre as possibilidades que surgem para pensar o social-comunidade à luz dessas epistemes emergentes, mas também sobre problemas/limitações a serem considerados.

Abstract We discuss Latin American Community-Social Psychology - originally connected with critical traditions of social action (popular education, militant social sciences, philosophy of liberation) - and its reception of emerging paradigms linked to the decolonial turn, the epistemologies of the South, and its autonomist and subalternist tendencies to think about the processes of social transformation. We review how these movements would disorder and revitalize a discipline that, in its hegemonic expression, laid dormant and co-opted by bureaucratic institutionalization and neoliberal theoretical production to read and intervene in the social field. For this, we place the historical development of the discipline in the theoretical climate of three relevant moments in the configuration of the social field. We conclude with some observations on the possibilities that seem to think about the social-community in light of these emerging epistemes but also some problems/limitations worthy of consideration.

Resumé Nous discutons de la psychologie sociale communautaire latino-américaine - à l'origine liée aux traditions critiques de l'action sociale (éducation populaire, sciences sociales militantes, philosophie de la libération) - et sa réception dans ledit espace de paradigmes émergents liés au tournant décolonial, aux épistémologies du Sud et ses tendances autonomistes et subalternistes à penser les processus de transformation sociale. Il examine comment ces mouvements perturberaient et revitaliseraient une discipline qui, dans son expression hégémonique, était cooptée par l'institutionnalisation bureaucratique et la production théorique néolibérale pour lire et intervenir dans le champ social. Considérant le précédent, le développement historique de la discipline se situe dans le climat théorique de trois moments pertinents dans la configuration du champ social. Nous concluons par quelques observations sur les possibilités qui apparaissent de penser la social-communauté à la lumière de ces épistémès émergentes, mais aussi sur quelques problèmes/limites à prendre en considération.

Does head tilt influence facial appearance more than head turn?

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of facial asymmetry parameters in patients with head tilt versus those with head turn. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was performed on 155 cases, including 58 patients with congenital pure head turn due to Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), 33 patients with congenital pure head tilt due to upshoot in adduction or DRS, and 64 orthotropic subjects as the control group. The facial appearance was evaluated by computerized analysis of digital photographs of patients' faces. Relative facial size (the ratio of the distance between the external canthus and the corner of the lips of both face sides) and facial angle (the angular difference between a line that connects two external canthi and another line that connects the two corners of the lips) measured as quantitative facial parameters. Qualitative parameters were evaluated by the presence of one-sided face, cheek, and nostril compression; and columella deviation. Results: The facial asymmetry frequency in patients with head tilt, head turn, and orthotropic subjects was observed in 32 (97%), 50 (86.2%), and 22 (34.3%), respectively (P < 0.001). In patients with head tilt and head turn, the mean facial angle was 1.78º ± 1.01º and 1.19º ± 0.84º, respectively (P = 0.004) and the mean relative facial size was 1.027 ± 0.018 and 1.018 ± 0.014, respectively (P = 0.018). The frequencies of one-sided nostril compression, cheek compression, face compression, and columella deviation in patients with pure head tilt were found in 19 (58%), 21 (64%), 19 (58%), and 19 (58%) patients, respectively, and in patients with pure head turn the frequencies were observed in 42 (72%), 37 (63%), 27 (47%), and 43 (74%), respectively. All quantitative and qualitative facial asymmetry parameters and facial asymmetry frequencies were significantly higher in head tilt and head turn patients as compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: All facial asymmetry parameters in patients with head tilt and head turn were significantly higher than orthotropic subjects. The quantitative parameters such as relative facial size and facial angle were significantly higher in patients with pure head tilt than pure head turn. The results revealed that pure head tilt was associated with a higher prevalence of facial asymmetry than pure head turn.

Turn intention perception and fall detection for smart walkers / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo improve the anti-fall capacity and safety of the smart walkers. MethodsTwo pressure sensors were placed on the handles on both sides of the walker. The confusion matrix was obtained, the corresponding operational intent labels were manually labeled, using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for model prediction to predict the travel intent of the users. The user wore a gyroscope and the walker was equipped with a laser sensor, to measure the angular velocity, angular acceleration and the distance data, respectively, to detect the user's fall. ResultsThe classifier model established by SVM successfully predicted three operating states of the walker, namely straight ahead, left turning and right turning. The user's fall was detected by the sudden change of the following data: the combined angular velocity was greater than 100°/s, the combined angular acceleration was greater than 1.3 G, the angular acceleration of Z-axis was greater than 0.7 G or less than 0.2 G, and the distance was greater than 600 mm or less than 300 mm. ConclusionThe improvement of the walker can predict the turn intention of the user, and detect the user's fall.

Delays in HIV-1 infant polymerase chain reaction testing may leave children without confirmed diagnoses in the Western Cape province, South Africa

Background: Early diagnosis and confirmation of HIV infection in newborns is crucial for expedited initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Confirmatory testing must be done for all children with a reactive HIV PCR result. There is no comprehensive data on confirmatory testing and HIV PCR test request rejections at National Health Laboratory Service laboratories in South Africa.Objective: This study assessed the metrics of routine infant HIV PCR testing at the Tygerberg Hospital Virology Laboratory, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, including the proportion of rejected test requests, turn-around time (TAT), and rate of confirmatory testing.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed laboratory-based data on all HIV PCR tests performed on children ≤ 24 months old (n = 43346) and data on rejected HIV PCR requests (n = 1479) at the Tygerberg virology laboratory over two years (2017­2019). Data from sample collection to release of results were analysed to assess the TAT and follow-up patterns.Results: The proportion of rejected HIV PCR requests was 3.3%; 83.9% of these were rejected for various pre-analytical reasons. Most of the test results (89.2%) met the required 96-h TAT. Of the reactive initial test results, 53.5% had a follow-up sample tested, of which 93.1% were positive. Of the initial indeterminate results, 74.7% were negative on follow-up testing.Conclusion: A high proportion of HIV PCR requests were rejected for pre-analytical reasons. The high number of initial reactive tests without evidence of follow-up suggests that a shorter TAT is required to allow confirmatory testing before children are discharged.

Newly implemented community CD4 service in Tshwaragano, Northern Cape province, South Africa, positively impacts result turn-around time

Background: The Northern Cape is South Africa's largest province with an HIV prevalence of 7.1% versus a 13.5% national prevalence. CD4 testing is provided at three of five National Health Laboratory Service district laboratories, each covering a 250 km precinct radius. Districts without a local service report prolonged CD4 turn-around times (TAT).Objective: This study documented the impact of a new CD4 laboratory in Tshwaragano in the remote John Taolo Gaetsewe district of the Northern Cape, South Africa.Methods: CD4 test volumes and TAT (total, pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical) data for the Northern Cape province were extracted for June 2018 to October 2019. The percentage of CD4 results within the stipulated 40-h TAT cut-off and the median and 75th percentiles of all TAT parameters were calculated. Pre-implementation, samples collected at Tshwaragano were referred to Kimberley or Upington, Northern Cape, South Africa.Results: Pre-implementation, 95.4% of samples at Tshwaragano were referred to Kimberley for CD4 testing (36.3% of Kimberley's test volumes). Only 7.5% of Tshwaragano's total samples were referred post-implementation. The Tshwaragano laboratory's CD4 median total TAT decreased from 24.7 h pre-implementation to 12 h post-implementation (p = 0.003), with >95.0% of results reported within 40 h. The Kimberley laboratory workload decreased by 29.0%, and testing time significantly decreased from 10 h to 4.3 h.Conclusion: The new Tshwaragano CD4 service significantly decreased local TAT. Upgrading existing community laboratories to include CD4 testing can alleviate provincial service load and improve local access, TAT and efficiency in the centralised reference laboratory

Establishment and evaluation of an autoverification scheme for hematology analysis in cancer patients / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:According to the characteristics and common problems of hematology analysis in cancer patients, an autoverification scheme for cancer patients was formed, and the effectiveness and efficiency of the autoverification scheme were verified.Methods:The hematology review of international consensus and ourselves were respectively combined with Chinese multicenter autoverification rules to form two autoverification schemes. 10 063 blood samples (460 cases reviewed by microscope) were selected as the establishment group. Retrospective judgment was made in the instrument middleware, and various indexes such as autoverification pass rate and missed detection rate of different schemes were compared. By analyzing the data of missed cases one by one, the autoverification rules are adjusted according to the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. By analyzing the platelet count variation range within 7 days in 19 300 cases, the Delta rules of platelet count were established. The platelet count Delta rules and the adjusted autoverification rules were combined to form the autoverification rules of our hospital and then combined with our hematology review rules to form the autoverification scheme of our hospital. The establishment group and verification group (10 876 cases, including 1 740 cases of microscopic examination) of the autoverification schemes were judged. The recognition function of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-dependent pseudo thrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP) and PLT Delta check were programmed in the laboratory information system (LIS), and other rule judgment functions are performed in middleware. After four months of clinical trial application of 61 602 specimens, the effectiveness of our autoverification scheme was comprehensively evaluated.Results:The autoverification pass rates of international hematology review rules, our review rules, and Chinese multicenter autoverification rules are 46.36%, 52.26%, and the missed detection rates are 2.02%, 1.06%, respectively. The autoverification pass rates of our hospital autoverification scheme in the establishment group and the verification group are 51.19% and 52.78%, the missed detection rates are 0% and 0.03%, and the true positive rate are 100% and 99.95%, respectively. 56.06% of cases were passed automatically during the clinical trial application, and there were no missing cases, the true positive rate is 100%. The performance of our autoverification scheme is superior to the current autoverification schemes combined with mainstream hematology review rules and autoverification rules. The median time of TAT by autoverification was shortened by 15 minutes, and the 90th percentile time was shortened by 58 minutes, which was significantly lower than that of the same period last year. The marker function of "EDTA-PTCP" identified 31 special patients and 68 samples had been analyzed in total. After correction, the median increase of PLT was 76.5×10 9/L ( Z=-7.17, P<0.001). Conclusions:This study has established an autoverification scheme that combined by rules of hematology review and autoverification rules. It is suitable for cancer patients with high pass rate and very low rate of missed detection. This autoverification scheme can ensure the accuracy of the hematology analysis of cancer patients in our hospital and improve work efficiency.

Research advances in tibial insertion of posterior cruciate ligament and location of tibial tunnel / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) plays an important role in maintaining the stability of knee. PCL injury is often accompanied by serious axial and rotational instability, and severe PCL injury is likely to be combined with injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and other tissues which are often repaired by necessary posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR) to restore their physiological functions. However, PCLR research is not as common as the research into the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, not only due to controversies in the anatomy and mechanics of PCL but also due to a higher failure rate and more complications following PCLR. This situation is closely related to the anatomical characteristics of the PCL tibial insertion. The present review deals with the anatomy, mechanics and clinical research of the PCL tibial insertion in order to provide more references for PCLR operators.

The complete and two-turn cochlear duct length among Filipinos

Objective@#This study aims to measure the complete and two-turn cochlear duct lengths in a Filipino population using archived CT scan images.

The Complete and two-turn cochlear duct length among Filipinos

Objective: This study aims to measure the complete and two-turn cochlear duct lengths in a Filipino population using archived CT scan images.Methods:                Design: Retrospective Review of Records               Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital               Participants: CT Scan Images of 255 patientsCochlear images of patients who underwent cranial, facial, orbital, paranasal sinus and temporal bone CT scans from January 2019 to December 2019 were analyzed. Coronal oblique images from 3D multiplanar reconstructions were obtained and a single linear measurement ('A' value) was used as the spiral coefficient to calculate the complete cochlear duct length (CDL) and two-turn length (2TL).Results: A total of 510 cochlear images were obtained from the CT scan images of 255 subjects (143 males, 112 females aged 1 to 81 years; mean age = 47 years). The mean 'A' value was 8.81 mm (SD = 0.20). The mean complete cochlear duct length was 32.68 mm (31.01 mm - 35.50 mm; SD = 0.834) while the mean two-turn cochlear duct length was 29.61 mm (28.14 mm - 32.08 mm; SD = 0.732). The complete and two-turn cochlear duct lengths in males were found to be significantly longer than in females (p = .001). No significant difference was found between cochlear measurements for left and right ears.Conclusion: The mean complete cochlear duct length among Filipinos in our study measures 32.68 mm while the mean two-turn cochlear duct length measures 29.61mm. Both complete and two-turn cochlear duct lengths were longer among Filipino males than among females.

Operational analysis of the national sickle cell screening programme in the Republic of Uganda

Background: Sickle cell anaemia is a common global life-threatening haematological disorder. Most affected births occur in sub-Saharan Africa where children usually go undiagnosed and die early in life. Uganda's national sickle cell screening programme was developed in response to a 2014 sickle cell surveillance study that documented a high disease prevalence. Objective: This study describes the temporal and financial aspects of Uganda's 2014­2019 sickle cell screening programme. Methods: National sickle cell screening data from Uganda's Central Public Health Laboratories were used to calculate turn-around times (TATs) from sample collection to delivery, testing, and result reporting for blood samples collected from February 2014 to March 2019. The parameters affecting specific TATs were assessed. The exact programme expenditures were analysed to determine cost per test and per positive sickle cell disease case detected. Results: A total of 278 651 samples were analysed. The median TAT from sample collection to laboratory receipt was 8 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 6­12), receipt to testing was 3 days (IQR: 1­7), and testing to result reporting was 6 days (IQR: 3­12). Altogether, the sample continuum averaged 16 days (IQR: 11­24). Lower level healthcare facilities were associated with longer sample delivery TATs. Calendar months (January and December) and larger sample volumes impacted testing and result reporting TATs. The cost per test was $4.46 (United States dollars [USD]) and $483.74 USD per positive case detected. Conclusion: Uganda's sickle cell screening programme is efficient and cost-effective. Universal newborn screening is the best strategy for detecting sickle cell anaemia in Uganda.

Design and synthesis of tetrazine bioorthogonal fluorogenic probes / 药学学报

Bioorthogonal fluorogenic probes are becoming an ideal tool for live-cell fluorescence imaging. With the tetrazine bioorthogonal fluorogenic probe that displays fluorescence enhancement, the tetrazine plays the dual-role of a bioorthogonal reaction unit and the fluorescence quenching unit. The "off" and "on" states of the fluorescence probe are mainly controlled through inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) bioorthogonal reaction. We designed a series of turn-on tetrazine fluorescent probes with Donor-π-Acceptor (D-π-A) structure to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio and specificity of fluorescence imaging. This series of probes reacted with the dienophile bicyclononyne, and then generated pyridazine structure in-situ that acted as an electron acceptor, resulting in a new D-π-A effect of fluorescent dyes, turning on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect. By adjusting the electron-donating groups and the degree of conjugation, tunable fluorescence spectra between 400-647 nm with fluorescence turn-on enhanced up to 500-fold have been achieved. This research lays the foundation for the further optimization of tetrazine bioorthogonal fluorescent probes and their applications in molecular imaging and biomedical fields.

El estudio de las emociones desde el giro afectivo a las prácticas y atmósferas afectivas / The study of emotions from affective turn to affective Practices and atmospheres

A partir del giro lingüístico y la conceptualización del lenguaje como constructor de la realidad, se derivaron en las ciencias sociales marcos analíticos para el estudio de las emociones. La psicología discursiva de las emociones tuvo un particular interés por el uso de las emociones en el discurso, y las acciones y efectos que producen en los marcos relacionales. No obstante, lo "discursivo" presentó ciertas limitaciones asociadas a la experiencia física que propiciaron un giro ontológico conocido como el giro afectivo. En este artículo se discuten las implicaciones que tuvo dicho giro en el estudio de las emociones y algunas propuestas subyacentes, las cuales han integrado perspectivas discursivas y de afectos para redefinir la emoció

From the linguistic turn and the conceptualization of language as a constructor of reality, analytical frameworks for the study of emotions were derived in the social sciences. The discursive psychology of emotions had a particular interest in the use of emotions in discourse, and the actions and effects they produce in relational frameworks. However, the "discursive" presented certain limitations associated with physical experience, which led to an ontological turn known as the affective turn. This article discusses the implications that this turn had on the study of emotions and some underlying proposals, which have integrated discursive and affect perspectives to redefine emotion.

The killer turn in the posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: mechanism and improvement / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To summarize the research progress of killer turn in posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. Methods: The literature related to the killer turn in PCL reconstruction in recent years was searched and summarized. Results: The recent studies show that the killer turn is considered to be the most critical cause of graft relaxation after PCL reconstruction. In clinic, this effect can be reduced by changing the fixation mode of bone tunnel, changing the orientation of bone tunnel, squeezing screw fixation, retaining the remnant, and grinding the bone at the exit of bone tunnel. But there is still a lack of long-term follow-up. Conclusion: There are still a lot of controversies on the improved strategies of the killer turn. More detailed basic researches focusing on biomechanics to further explore the mechanism of the reconstructed graft abrasion are needed.

Evaluation of biochemical and immunological assembly line in emergency test / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the application value of biochemical and immunological assembly line in emergency test by comparatively analyzing the changes in sample test process and turnaround time (TAT) in emergency test before and after installation of the assembly line.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was performed with the run data of the emergency biochemical and immunodetection project in Department of Clinical Laboratory in Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from July to September in 2017 and from July to September in 2018. (1)The changes in sample circulation mode and test process were compared in emergency test before and after installation of the assembly line.(2)The changes in TAT of sample test and distribution of time interval in emergency laboratory report were statistically analyzed before and after installation.(3)The number of samples tested between instruments and occurrence of instrument failure were statistically compared before and after installation. (4)Biosafety risk assessment was performed on the sample test process before and after installation to analyze the effects of the assembly line installation on biosafety control in emergency test.@*Results@#(1) By applying the assembly line, the sample test process was well controlled and the workload for laboratorians was eased greatly through reduction of manual work.(2) Report TAT was remarkably shortened after installation compared to that before installation; the TAT of dry biochemistry and myocardial zymogram report in emergency test was shorted from 39 min and 48 min to 34 min and 42 min respectively, with a reduction of 12.82% an 12.50% compared to those before installation; the TAT of dry biochemistry and myocardial zymogram report in inpatient emergency was shorted from 37 min and 43 min to 29 min and 35 min respectively, with a reduction of 21.61% an 18.60% compared to those before installation; distribution of report TAT was comparatively analyzed, the percentage of reports in 0-30 min and 31-45 min increased remarkably compared to that before installation, the percentage of TAT of dry biochemistry report falling into 0-45 min increased to 74.58% and 85.66% after installation from 57.91% and 78.28% before installation, respectively in emergency and inpatient emergency. (3)For the model VITROS5600, the percentage of samples tested changed from 30.29% and 69.71% before installation to 47.63% and 52.37% after installation, respectively; for the model DXI800, the percentage of samples tested changed from 28.77% and 71.23% before installation to 53.49% and 46.51% after installation, respectively. After installation, there was a tendency of balance in the number of samples tested between instruments. Instrument failure was significantly reduced: for the model VITROS5600, the frequency of instrument failure decreased from 3.5 times a month/instrument before installation to 2 times a month/instrument after installation on average; for the model DXI800, the frequency of instrument failure decreased from 2.8 times a month/instrument before installation to 1.8 times a month/instrument after installation on average.(4) Installation of the assembly line lowered the risks biosafety events in sample test process in emergency test and the two risks of accidental contact with aerosol in sample tubes before detection and accidental contact with biological specimen due to overturning and spilling during detection were reduced from a high level before installation to a low level after installation.@*Conclusion@#In emergency test, biochemical and immunological assembly line is of certain value in process improvement, reduction of workload for laboratorians, improvement of work efficiency, TAT reduction and optimization, as well as control of biosafety conditions.

Relación entre estrés percibido y calidad de sueño en enfermeras de turnos nocturno y rotativo / Relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality in night-shift and rotating nurses

Objetivo: determinar si existe relación entre el estrés percibido y la calidad de sueño en las enfermeras de los turnos nocturno y rotativo de la empresa social del Estado Hospital San Rafael de Facatativá. Metodología: estudio transversal con alcance correlacional donde se evaluó el estrés percibido y la calidad de sueño por medio de la escala de estrés percibido - versión 14 y el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburg -versión colombiana, respectivamente, en una muestra de 98 enfermeras que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: se presentó una prevalencia del 72,45% de estrés percibido y del 79,59% de mala calidad de sueño; entre estas dos variables se halló una correlación baja (r=0,258; p=0,010). Se puede asegur ar con un 95 % de confianza que mientras una variable aumenta, la otra también lo hace, queriendo decir que a mayor puntaje en la escala de estrés percibido, mayor puntaje en el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh, lo que sugiere que el nivel de estrés es un factor que tiene relación directamente proporcional con el sueño, es decir, entre mayor estrés, peor calidad de sueño. Conclusiones: se concluye que sí existe relación entre el estrés percibido y la calidad de sueño, lo cual evidencia, por un lado, que en las enfermeras a mayor estrés, peor calidad de sueño, y por otro, que a peor calidad de sueño, mayor estrés.

Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality in nurses in the night and rotating shifts of the social enterprise of the State Hospital San Rafael of Facatativá. Methodology: Study cross-sectional with a correlational scope where the perceived stress was assessed through the Perceived Stress Scale, Version 14, and sleep quality using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Colombian Version, in a sample of 98 nurses who met the inclusion criteria. Results: a prevalence of 72.45% of stress and 79.59% of poor sleep quality were perceived; there was a low correlation between these two variables (r= 0.258; p=0.010). It may be ensured with 95% of confidence that while a variable increases, the other one does the same; this means that higher stress level in the perceived stress scale implies a higher score in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; which suggests that stress level is a factor that has directly proportional relationship with sleep; so, higher stress level is equal to worse sleep quality. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is a relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality, showing that, the greater the stress in the nurses, the worse the quality of sleep, as well as the worse the quality of sleep, the greater the stress

Prácticas pa ra la prevención de accidentes en el hogar en cuidadores de niños de 1 a 5 años en un barrio de Cartagena (Colombia) / Practices for the prevention of accidents in the home in caregivers of children from 1 to 5 years in a district of Cartagena (Colombia)

Introducción: los accidentes en la población infantil constituyen una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad convirtiéndose hoy día en un problema de salud pública mundial, principalmente la población más afectada son los niños en etapa preescolar, por la vulnerabilidad y dependencia del cuidador. Objetivos: describir las prácticas para la prevención de accidentes en el hogar en cuidadores de niños de 1 a 5 años en un barrio de Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal. Constituido por 354 cuidadores de niños menores de 5 años, se utilizó la técnica de observación y la aplicación del instrumento con base a la práctica N° 15 de AIEPI (Atención Integrada a las Enfermedades Prevalentes de la Infancia). Resultados: socio demográficamente los cuidadores fueron principalmente de género femenino (87%), con 20 ­ 29 años de edad (44,9%), madres de los niños (61,3%), conviven en unión libre (54,2%), son bachilleres (50,3%), de estrato uno (91,8%), amas de casa (62,7%), con hijos (93,8%), residen en casas (54,5%). Los niños de 1 a 5 años fueron mayoritariamente de género masculino (51,7%), y han presentado accidentes (75,1%), sobre todo, caídas (61,9%). El nivel de riesgo de accidentes en el hogar fue bajo (85%), y las prácticas de prevención suelen ser regulares (55,1%). Conclusión: los niños enfrentan relativamente bajo riesgo de accidente en el hogar, sin embargo, las prácticas para prevenirlos resultan ser regulares..(AU)

Introduction: accidents in children are an important cause of morbidity and mortality,becoming today a global public health problem, mainly the most affected population are children in preschool, for the vulnerability and dependence of the caregiver. Objectives:to describe the practices for the prevention of accidents at home in caregivers of children from 1 to 5 years of age, in a neighborhood of Cartagena (Colombia). Materials and methods: quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Consisting of 354 caregivers of children under 5 years of age, the technique of observation and the application of the instrument was used based on practice No. 15 of IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness). Results: demographic partner caregivers were mainly female (87%), with 20 - 29 years of age (44.9%), mothers of children (61.3%), live together in a free union (54.2%), are high school graduates (50.3%), of stratum one (91.8%), housewives (62.7%), with children (93.8%), reside in houses (54.5%). Children from 1 to 5 years old were male (51.7%), and had accidents (75.1%), especially falls (61.9%). The level of accident risk in the home was low (85%), and prevention practices are usually regular (55.1%). Conclusion: children face relatively low risk of accident in the home, however, practices to prevent them turn out to be regular..(AU)

Progress in nursing research to assist patients with severe neurological diseases to turn over and prevent pressure sore / 中国实用护理杂志

[Absrtact] This article reviews the nursing care of recent years to assist neurotic patients to turn over to prevent pressure sore. The present situation of nursing research on the prevention effect of pressure sore with different turn over method, different turn over angle, different turn over interval time combined with the nature of mattress and patient's condition were introduced, and the effect of preventing pressure sore with different turn over auxiliary appliance was introduced in order to provide a reference for the development of individual nursing guidelines for neurocritical patients.

Application of two-step procedure to turn rectum out from abdominal cavity in radical resection of low rectal carcinoma by natural orifice specimen extraction surgery: A report of 39 cases / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To compare the perioperative and recent curative effects of laparoscopic radical resection of low rectal rectal carcinoma by natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) with two-step procedure to turn rectum out from the abdominal cavity and traditional one-step procedure to turn rectum out from abdominal cavity. Methods: The clinical data of 63 patients who were treated by laparoscopic radical resection of low rectal rectal carcmoma by NOSES were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 39 patients were treated with the method of two-step procedure to turn rectum out from the abdominal cavity (two-step procedure group) and 24 patients were treated with the traditional one-step procedure to turn rectum out from the abdominal cavity (traditional one-step procedure group). Results: The maximum tumor diameters, the successful rates, tumor fragmentation rates, operation time, intraperative bleeding loss, postoperative exhaust time, anastomotic leakage rates after operation, and the shortterm-follow-up results of the patients in two groups were recovered The specimens of 39 patients in two-step procedure group were successfully pulled out from the anus, the anastomosis was finishehed after resection, and the NOSES of low rectal carcinoma was successfully completed, while 3 cases were failed of 24 cases in traditional onestep procedure group, the successful rate was decreased (P=0. 024). After the specimen were pulled out from the anus, the fragmentation rate of the patients in two-step procedure group was lower than that in traditional one-step procedure group (P=0. 004). The operation time of the patients in two-step procedure group was less than that in traditional one-step procedure group (t=4. 266, P<0. 01). There were no significant differences in the maximum diameters of tumor (t= - 0.406, P=0. 686), intraoperative bleeding loss (t=1.799, P=0. 075), postoperative exhaust time (t=- 0.144, P= 0.886), postoperative anastomotic leakage rate (P= 1.000) of the patients between two groups. During 3 to 24 months of follow-up, there were no significant differences in the recurrence rate (P = 0. 140) and metastatic rate of carcinoma (P = 0. 36) of the patients between two groups. Conclusion: Two-step procedure to turn rectum out from the abdominal cavity can reduce the pressure on the tumor during turning the rectum out, which can save the operation time and get good short-term curative effect during the radical resection of low rectal carcinoma by NOSES.

Progress in nursing research to assist patients with severe neurological diseases to turn over and prevent pressure sore / 中国实用护理杂志

This article reviews the nursing care of recent years to assist neurotic patients to turn over to prevent pressure sore. The present situation of nursing research on the prevention effect of pressure sore with different turn over method, different turn over angle, different turn over interval time combined with the nature of mattress and patient's condition were introduced, and the effect of preventing pressure sore with different turn over auxiliary appliance was introduced in order to provide a reference for the development of individual nursing guidelines for neurocritical patients.

Effect of multiparity on bone mineral density, evaluated with bone turnover markers / Efeito da multiparidade sobre a densidade mineral óssea, avaliada por marcadores de remodelação óssea

Abstract Objective: Our aim was to investigate the effect of parity on osteoporosis by evaluating bone mineral density, markers of bone turn-over and other factors that are effective in osteoporosis in multiparous (five deliveries or more) and nulliparous women in the post-menopausal period. Methods: A total of 91 multiparous (five deliveries or more) and 31 nulliparous postmenopausal women were included in this study. All patients were interviewed on sociodemographic characteristics, gynecologic history, personal habits, levels of physical activity, and life-long intake of calcium. Bone mineral density was measured at lumbar (L1-4) and femoral neck regions with Dexa. Results: The mean age of multiparous women was 58.79 ± 7.85 years, and the mean age of nulliparous women was 55.84 ± 7.51. The femoral BMD was 0.94 ± 0.16 and lumbar BMD 1.01 ± 0.16 in multiparous women, femoral BMD was 0.99 ± 0.16 and lumbar BMD 1.07 ± 0.14 in nulliparous women. There were no statistical differences between the femoral and lumbar T scores and BMD values of the two groups. Lumbar T scores and lumbar BMD showed a decrease with increasing total duration of breast-feeding in multiparous women. The independent risk factors for osteoporosis in the regression analysis of multiparous women were found to be the duration of menopause and body weight of 65 kg and less. Conclusion: There is no difference between the bone mineral densities of multiparous and nulliparous women. Females with lower body-weight and longer duration of menopause should be followed-up more carefully for development of osteoporosis.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da paridade sobre a osteoporose por meio da avaliação da densidade mineral óssea, marcadores de remodelação óssea e outros fatores eficazes na avaliação da osteoporose em multíparas (cinco partos ou mais) e nulíparas no período pós-menopausa. Métodos: Foram incluídas neste estudo 91 multíparas (cinco partos ou mais) e 31 nulíparas, todas na pós-menopausa. As pacientes foram entrevistadas para a determinação das características sociodemográficas, história ginecológica, hábitos pessoais, níveis de atividade física e ingestão de cálcio ao longo da vida. A densidade mineral óssea foi medida na região lombar (L1-4) e do colo femoral com a Dexa. Resultados: A média de idade das multíparas e nulíparas foi de 58,79 ± 7,85 anos e 55,84 ± 7,51, respectivamente. Nas multíparas, a DMO femoral e lombar foi de 0,94 ± 0,16 e 1,01 ± 0,16, respectivamente; nas nulíparas, a DMO femoral e lombar foi de 0,99 ± 0,16 e 1,07 ± 0,14, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os T-escores femoral e lombar e os valores de DMO dos dois grupos. O T-escore e a DMO lombar mostraram uma diminuição em caso de aumento na duração total da lactação materna em multíparas. Encontrou-se que os fatores de risco independentes para a osteoporose na análise de regressão das multíparas são a duração da menopausa e o peso corporal menor ou igual a 65 kg. Conclusão: Não há diferença entre a densidade mineral óssea de multíparas e nulíparas. As mulheres com menor peso corporal e maior duração da menopausa devem ser acompanhadas com mais atenção para determinar se há desenvolvimento de osteoporose.