RESUMEN
Background: The study is designed to evaluate the different learning styles of the present first professional MBBS students. Students were requested to complete the visual-aural-read/write-kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire at VARK-LEARN.COM. Results of the questionnaire were collected by email and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. We found that 68.2% had multimodal learning preferences and 31.7% had single learning preference. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the different learning styles of MBBS 1st year students of United Institute of Medical Sciences, Prayagraj, using the VARK questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This study includes the informed consent taken from each student before participating. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study. Copyright permission was taken from the website vark-learn.com, from VARK Learn Limited, New Zealand. One hundred and two students had consented, and out of them, 85 students participated in the study. The students were asked to complete the questionnaire on the website. The data on their learning styles were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Out of 85 Students, 58 (68.2%) had multimodal learning preferences. Of these, 28.2% of students had four-part VARK or quadrimodal preferences, 28.2% of students had bimodal, and 11.7% had trimodal learning preferences. Twenty-seven (31.7%) had single learning preferences, and, out of these 27 students, 17 (20%) had kinesthetic, 6 (7.05%) had visual learning preferences, and 4 (4.7%) students had aural learning preferences. Conclusion: With the help of this study, we concluded that most of the students who participated in our study are multimodal learners, and out of the students who had a single learning preference, most had kinesthetic learning preferences.
RESUMEN
Background: Learning is the act of acquiring, modifying and reinforcing existing knowledge, behavior, skills and values. This phenomenon of learning is dominated by an individual’s learning style. Learning style is a popular concept in psychology and education, and it refers to how a person learns best. This study aims to identify the Learning Styles of the first year MBBS and BDS students at NBMC by administering the questionnaire of the VARK model.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Physiology at North Bengal Medical College, West Bengal after. The VARK questionnaire 7.8 version was administered to 180 first year MBBS and BDS students from the 2017-2018 batch who had volunteered for the study. The Questionnaire consisted of 16 questions, along with a scoring chart. Students were allowed to choose more than one option. If in majority of the questions they opted for a single sensory modality they were considered as unimodal learners and if they chose multiple options, they were recognized as multimodal learners.Results: The study showed 57% of the students to be multimodal learners and 43% to be unimodal learners. Read/Write was the most preferred (31.22%) sensory modality followed by kinesthetic mode (29.57%).Conclusions: As majority of our students are multimodal learners teachers should incorporate active teaching and learning strategies to cater to all types of learners. Also, as the most preferred method is Read/Write which includes googling and the use of internet to browse for information, we must try and incorporate e-learning into our curriculum.
RESUMEN
Background: Caesarean section commonly causes moderate to severe pain in the first 24 hours after surgery with associated discomfort, delayed ambulation, difficulty initiating breastfeeding and prolonged hospital stay. Receiving adequate analgesia after caesarean section is very important for the patient’s comfort, overall wellbeing and recovery.Objective:To compare the efficacy, time to rescue-analgesia and side effects of single agent rectal diclofenac versus its combination with intramuscular pentazocine for pain management after caesarean section in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Methodology:A randomized double-blind clinical trial was carried out at the RSUTH. A total of 120 patients scheduled for either elective or emergency caesarean section were recruited. Group ‘A’ received rectal diclofenac 100mg and intramuscular placebo (unimodal group) while group ‘B’ received rectal diclofenac 100mg and intramuscular pentazocine 30mg (multimodal group). Socio-demographic information was collected via structured proforma, while Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess the level of pain. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.Results:The mean ages of respondents in unimodal and multimodal groups were 31.7 ± 4.3 years and 31.3 ± 5.2 years respectively. The difference in the median pain score and range was significant only at 8 hours between the groups, there was no significant difference before and after 8 hours. Although the mean time (in minutes) to first rescue-analgesia was shorter in the unimodal (147.5 ± 60.1) as compared to the multimodal group (170.0), this difference was not statistically significant. There was no side effect noticed in either of the two groups.Conclusion: The combined agents (diclofenac and pentazocine) had a superior analgesic effect to the single agent (diclofenac alone) when given as used in the study.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The influence of visual stimulus on the auditory component in the perception of auditory-visual (AV) consonant-vowel syllables has been demonstrated in different languages. Inherent properties of unimodal stimuli are known to modulate AV integration. The present study investigated how the amount of McGurk effect (an outcome of AV integration) varies across three different consonant combinations in Kannada language. The importance of unimodal syllable identification on the amount of McGurk effect was also seen. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight individuals performed an AV identification task with ba/ ga, pa/ka and ma/n· a consonant combinations in AV congruent, AV incongruent (McGurk combination), audio alone and visual alone condition. Cluster analysis was performed using the identification scores for the incongruent stimuli, to classify the individuals into two groups; one with high and the other with low McGurk scores. The differences in the audio alone and visual alone scores between these groups were compared. RESULTS: The results showed significantly higher McGurk scores for ma/n· a compared to ba/ga and pa/ka combinations in both high and low McGurk score groups. No significant difference was noted between ba/ga and pa/ka combinations in either group. Identification of /n· a/ presented in the visual alone condition correlated negatively with the higher McGurk scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the final percept following the AV integration is not exclusively explained by the unimodal identification of the syllables. But there are other factors which may also contribute to making inferences about the final percept.
RESUMEN
Los estudios QSAR definidos en la literatura están basados en enfoques uni-modales, dejando de analizar conjuntos de datos que contienen distintas informaciones químicas. En esta investigación se propone aplicar por primera vez y analizar el comportamiento del enfoque multi-modal en el desarrollo de estudios QSAR. Para este fin se utilizó una base de compuestos con actividad hepatotóxica, a partir de la cual se construyeron cuatro modalidades considerando distintos descriptores moleculares basados en diversas teorías y enfoques. Se desarrollaron varios modelos usando los enfoques uni-modales y multi-modales utilizando algoritmos de clasificación reportados en la literatura e implementados en el lenguaje R. Los parámetros de cada uno de los algoritmos se optimizaron con el procedimiento peatedgrid-searchcross-validation, mientras la validación de dichos modelos se realizó mediante validación cruzada de 10 pliegues con 10 repeticiones. Estadísticamente se comprobó que el enfoque multimodal mejora el desempeño de los modelos predictivos comparado con algunos de los modelos derivados de los conjuntos de datos con modalidades individuales(AU)
The QSAR studies defined in the literature are based on uni-modal approaches and do not consider datasets with different chemical information. Thus, this research has as objective to apply and analyze the behavior of multi-modal approaches when QSAR studies are carried out. To this end, a compound dataset with hepatotoxicity activity was employed and four modalities were built considering molecular descriptors based on different mathematical theories. Also, several predictive models were developed taking into account both uni-modal and multi-modal approaches by using classification algorithms reported in the literature and implemented in R language. The parameters of these algorithms with the procedure parameter tuning with repeated grid-search cross-validation were optimized, while the strategy 10-fold cross-validation with 10 repetitions was used to corroborate the predictive accuracy of the models. As result of this study it can be stated that the behavior of the models based on multi-modal approach present significant differences with to those models developed from uni-modal approaches(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Aplicaciones de la Informática Médica , Programas Informáticos , Terapia Combinada/métodosRESUMEN
Background: The learning habit of a learner is the way he handles new information and experiences, and determines its outcomes. Various types of learning habits are adopted by students, including visual (V; learning from graphs, charts, and flow diagrams), auditory (A; learning from speech), read-write(R; learning from reading and writing), and kinesthetic (K; learning from touch, hearing, smell, taste, and sight).Understanding their preferred learning habits as visual, auditory, read-write or kinesthetic learners will help to improve the teaching methods adopted. Facilitators and supporters themselves may need guidance and training in how to identify feedback and adapt learning to individual's habits. Objective: To assess different learning habits of medical students and hence provide student oriented education, producing efficient doctors. Materials and Methods: This study was performed at Department of physiology in Govt. Medical College, Bhavnagar in March 2011.Eighty four (84) medical students of first MBBS were participated in the study. By using the English version of the visual, auditory, reading or writing, kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire, we measured the difference in learning habits of First year medical students. Results: In Unimodal learning habit highest preference was given to auditory mode (48.57%), then to Kinesthetic (28.57%) & then to read (14.29%) & visual (8.57%). Among Multimodal learning habit students (n=44), 64.29% students preferred bimodal, 2.38% students preferred trimodal and 33.33% students preferred quadrimodal learning habit. Conclusion: Knowing that students have different preferred learning modes, will help medical instructors in our faculty develop appropriate learning approaches and explore opportunities so that they will be able to make the educational experience more productive. The results will help faculty to develop appropriate learning approaches and explore opportunities, so that they will able to make the educational experience more productive.
RESUMEN
The increasing human occupation of natural environments is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. To mitigate the negative anthropogenic effects, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of natural populations and the natural history of species. A study was conducted with an assemblage of lizards from a disturbed area of the Pampa biome, from February 2001 to January 2004. The assemblage showed a unimodal seasonal pattern, with the recruitment period occurring during the warmer months. The captures were seasonal for two of the three monitored years, and concentrated within warmer months. The minimum temperature explained the number of catches for the assemblage as a whole. However, when the species were analyzed individually, the temperature only explained the seasonal occurrence of Teius oculatus. The abundance of species was significantly different in the third year of study for Cercosaura schreibersii and Ophiodes striatus. This latter species was no longer registered in the study area from May 2003 until the end of the study. Therefore, O. striatus may be more sensitive to environmental changes, considering the events of change in vegetation during the study. With frequent and increasing environmental disturbances, it is necessary to take conservation measures and encourage the increase of knowledge on Pampean lizards.
O crescimento da ocupação humana sobre ambientes naturais é uma das maiores ameaças à biodiversidade. Para amenizar os efeitos negativos antropogênicos, é necessário entender as características das populações naturais, e a história natural das espécies. Um estudo foi conduzido com uma assembeia de lagartos de uma área perturbada do Pampa, de fevereiro de 2002 a janeiro de 2004. A assembleia apresentou padrão sazonal unimodal, com recrutamento ocorrendo durante os meses mais quentes. As capturas foram sazonais durante dois dos três anos monitorados, e concentradas nos meses mais quentes. A temperatura mínima explica o número de capturas para a assembleia como um todo. Entretanto, quando as espécies foram analisadas individualmente, a variável explica apenas a ocorrência sazonal de Teius oculatus. A abundância das espécies foi significativamente distinta no terceiro ano de estudo para Cercosaura schreibersii e Ophiodes striatus. Essa última espécie não teve mais registros na área de maio de 2003 até o final do estudo. Assim, O. striatus pode ser mais sensível às udanças abientais, considerando os eventos de udança na vegetação ocorridas durante o estudo. Com as frequentes e crescentes perturbações ambientais que o bioma vem sofrendo, são necessárias ações de conservação, e dar suporte para o aumento do conhecimento dos lagartos pampeanos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Biodiversidad , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Lagartos/clasificación , Brasil , Densidad de Población , Dinámica Poblacional , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
The paraoxonase (E. C. 3.1.1.2.) is a major enzyme to detoxicate the organophosphorus and carbamate which are the most widely used as the agricultural spraying insecticides. To investigate the distributions of plasma paraoxonase activity and the fators affecting the enzyme activity, the plasmas of 945 Korean rural population were analyzed with the modified Krisch's direct sphectro;hotometry method. Three indices of the enzyme activity-basal activity, stimulated activity (by NaCl), % stimulation -were obtained from the analysis. Three indicies suggested unimodal distributions, so we couldn't identify the low activity group; risk group to organophosphorus & carbamate insecticides poisoning. There is no significant relation between 3 activity and the stimulated activity have significant relationship and high coefficient of determination with the activities of their parents (r2=0.30, 0.24; p<0.05), but the % stimulation does not (r2=0.02; p<0.05). These results suggest that the activity of paraoxonase is determined mainly by the genetic factor.